2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第133期

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Drunken drivingsometimes called Americas socially accepted form of murderhas become a national epidemic （流行病）. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers.A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0. 10 blood alc

2、ohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American man image and judges were tolerant in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially

3、involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 1820-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state re

4、cently upped it back to 21. Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accomplished by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist pressure to drink.Tough new laws have led to increased arr

5、ests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern（酒店主）in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously intoxicated” and later drove off

6、the road, killing a nine-year-old boy.As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919. They forget that legal prohibition didnt stop drinking, but encouraged political corr

7、uption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.1.Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because（ ）.2.Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that（ ） .3.Laws recently introduced in some states have （ ） .4.The problem of drunken driving

8、 is difficult to solve because（ ）.问题1选项A.most Americans are heavy drinkersB.Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC.accidents attract so much publicityD.drinking is a socially accepted habit in America问题2选项A.many drivers were not of legal ageB.young people were often bad driversC.the level

9、 of drinking increased in the 1960sD.the legal drinking age should be raised问题3选项A.reduced the number of convictionsB.resulted in fewer serious accidentsC.prevented bars from serving drunken customersD.specified the amount drivers can drink问题4选项A.alcohol is easily obtainedB.drinking is linked to org

10、anized crimeC.legal prohibiting has already failedD.legislation alone is not sufficient【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because _. 1. 醉酒驾驶在美国已经成为一个主要问题，因为_。A. most Americans are heavy drinkers A. 大多数美国人都酗酒B. Americans are now less shock

11、ed by road accidents B. 美国人现在对交通事故不那么震惊了C. accidents attract so much publicity C. 事故引起了如此多的关注D. drinking is a socially accepted habit in America D. 在美国，喝酒是一种被社会接受的习惯【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“酗酒曾经是美国人可以接受的一部分（Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American man image），在大多数法庭上，法官都很宽容，但最近醉酒

12、车祸造成了如此多广为人知的悲剧，尤其是涉及年幼儿童的悲剧，公众舆论不再那么宽容了（public opinion is no longer so tolerant）。”，从中可知，在美国，喝酒是一种被社会所接受的习惯，而这种习惯造成了很多悲剧，成为美国的主要问题，所以D项“在美国，喝酒是一种被社会接受的习惯”符合题意，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“大多数美国人都酗酒”，文中只是提起喝酒是美国社会接受的一种习惯，并不代表大多数美国人都酗酒，该项曲解原文；B项“美国人现在对交通事故不那么震惊了”没有提到，属于无中生有；C项“事故引起了如此多的关注”，根据解题思路可知，醉酒驾驶造成的悲剧太多，

13、使得公众舆论对这种喝酒的习惯不再宽容，文中并没有提到公众的关注，该项曲解原文。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that _. 2. 新泽西州发布的统计数据显示，_。A. many drivers were not of legal age A. 许多司机没有达到法定年龄B. young people were often bad drivers B. 年轻人往往不善于开车C. the level of drinking increased in the 1960s C. 饮酒水平在20世纪60年代有所上升D. t

14、he legal drinking age should be raised D. 法定饮酒年龄应该提高【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据关键词New Jersey定位至第三段第二句“在新泽西州把饮酒年龄降到18岁以后，18-20岁司机的死亡人数增加了一倍多，因此该州最近又把饮酒的年龄提高到21岁”，从新泽西州的统计数据来看，降低饮酒年龄，醉酒驾驶造成的死亡人数还增加了，这说明应该提高法定的饮酒年龄，故D项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“许多司机没有达到法定年龄”、B项“年轻人往往不善于开车”在原文没有提到，属于无中生有；C项“饮酒水平在20世纪60年代有所上升”，文中只提到将法定饮酒年龄提高到

15、21岁扭转了20世纪60年代将法定饮酒年龄降低到18岁的趋势，该项中的level of drinking（饮酒水平）在文中并没有提到，该项属于无中生有。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. Laws recently introduced in some states have _. 3. 一些州最近出台的法律_。A. reduced the number of convictions A. 减少了定罪的人数B. resulted in fewer serious accidents B. 使得严重事故的发生更少C. prevented bars from serving drunken custom

16、ers C. 禁止酒吧招待醉酒的顾客D. specified the amount drivers can drink D. 规定司机可以喝多少酒【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据倒数第二段第一句“严厉的新法律使得被捕人数和接受检查的人数增加，并且许多地区的死亡率显著下降”，从中可知，最近出台的与饮酒相关的法律使得死亡率显著下降，这也就是说这些法律降低了交通事故的发生率，B项“使得严重事故的发生更少”符合这一分析。故该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“减少了定罪的人数”，根据解题思路可知，严厉的法律使得被捕人数增多了，而不是减少了，该项属于反向干扰；C项“禁止酒吧招待醉酒的顾客”，根据倒

17、数第二段第二句“一些州还惩罚酒吧为顾客提供过多的酒”可知，法律只是禁止酒吧为顾客提供过量的酒，关于“醉酒的顾客”并没有提到，该项曲解原文；D项“规定司机可以喝多少酒”没有提到，属于无中生有。第4题:4.【选项释义】4. The problem of drunken driving is difficult to solve because _. 4. 醉驾问题之所以难以解决，是因为_。A. alcohol is easily obtained A. 酒很容易获得B. drinking is linked to organized crime B. 饮酒与有组织的犯罪有关C. legal pro

18、hibiting has already failed C. 法律禁止已经失败了D. legislation alone is not sufficient D. 仅靠立法是不够的【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段最后两句“他们忘记了法律禁令并没有让人们停止饮酒，而是鼓励了政治腐败和有组织的犯罪。就像激增的毒品交易一样，没有简单的解决办法。”从中可知，即使有法律禁令，人们还是继续饮酒，并且政治腐败和有组织的犯罪也增加了；所以推断，醉驾问题之所以难以解决，是因为仅靠立法是远远不够的。该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“酒很容易获得”、C项“法律禁止已经失败了”在原文中没有提到，属于

19、无中生有；B项“饮酒与有组织的犯罪有关”，根据解题思路可知，原文只是提到法律禁令鼓励了有组织的犯罪，但是并没有说明饮酒和有组织的犯罪之间的关系，所以该项并不能推断出来，属于曲解原文。2. 翻译题My topic today is “The Car and Air Pollution.” In particular, I want firstly to discuss the ways in which the car causes air pollution; and secondly, how we can control or reduce air pollution from the c

20、ar.First, then, how does the car cause air pollution? 1. What happens is that the cars internal combustion engine is a kind of chemical factory on a small scale. It uses a mixture of petrol and air, and this mixture explodes and burns, to produce the energy which propels the car. 2. But while this i

21、s happening, many complicated chemical reactions are taking place. In particular, part of the petrol-air mixture is not completely burned up, and so the exhaust gases from the engine contain some very dangerous chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, lead and hydrocarbons.This is the si

22、tuation, then, and its going to get much worse, unless we do something about it. So lets focus our attention now on ways of controlling or reducing the amount of air pollution caused by the car.First, we can discourage the use of cars. For example, we can put higher taxes on petrol, and on cars them

23、selves, especially on larger ones that use a lot of petrol.3.Second, we can encourage alternative methods of transport, both between and within urban areas. For instance, we can make train and bus services cheaper and more convenient. And we can build a mass transit system in large cities, particula

24、rly an underground railway system.Next, we can use a different and cleaner fuel for the internal combustion engine.Fourth, we can replace the internal combustion engine with other designs. There are several possibilities being researched at present, such as electric, gas turbine, and “steam” engines

25、 gas turbine, and steam engines. However, each of these designs has its own disadvantages.4.Last but not the least, we are trying to control the emissions from the internal combustion engine much more strictly. This, for example, is a catalytic (催化式) converter, which converts the most dangerous ingr

26、edients of the car exhaust into water and harmless gases.As Im sure you can see, there are problems with each of these ways; but at least theyre a step in the right direction. Probably the best answer is a synthesis of all five.Directions:Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined

27、 parts numbered from (1) to(4) , from English into Chinese. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】（1）汽车导致空气污染是因为汽车内燃机实际上是一座小型化工厂。内燃机所用的燃料是汽油和空气的混合物。这种混合物燃爆后产生驱动力。（2）但是，汽油同空气燃爆时，许多复杂的化学反应也同时发生。特别值得注意的是，汽油和空气混合物不能完全燃烧，发动机产生的各种废气含有一些非常有害的化学物质。（3）第二，我们可以鼓励在城市内部和城市之间使用替代的交通工具。比如，我们可以使火车和公共汽车服务

28、更加廉价和便利。我们可以在大城市建立公交系统，特别是地铁系统。（4）最后，我们正在尝试更加严格地控制内燃机释放的气体。比如，催化式排气净化器，它将汽车废气中最危险的成分转变成水和无害气体。3. 翻译题Time” says the proverb “is money”. This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. (1) If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful and important

29、piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those, who think nothing of wasting time, remem

30、ber this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a bank-note; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.Moreover, our life is nothing mo

31、re than our time. To kill time is therefore a form of suicide. (2) We are shocked when we think of death, and we spare no pains, no trouble, and no expense to preserve life. But we are too often indifferent to the loss of an hour or a day, forgetting that our life is the sum total of the days and of

32、 the hours we live. A day or an hour wasted is therefore so much life forfeited. Let us bear this in mind, and waste of time will appear to us in the light of a crime as culpable as suicide itself.There is a third consideration which also tends to warn us against loss of time. Our life is a brief sp

33、an measuring some sixty or seventy years in all, but nearly one half of this has to be spent in sleep; some years have to be spent over our meals ; some over dressing and undressing ; some in making journeys on land and voyages by sea; some in merry-marking, either on our own account or for the sake

34、 of others ; some in celebrating religious and social festivities ; some in watching over the sick-beds of our nearest and dearest relatives. (3) Now if all these years were to be deducted from the term over which our life extends we shall find about fifteen or twenty years at our disposal for activ

35、e work. Whoever remembers this can never willingly waste a single moment of his life. “It is astonishing says Lord Chesterfield, “that anyone can squander away in absolute idleness one single moment of that portion of time which is allotted to us in this world. Know the true value of time; snatch, s

36、eize, and enjoy every moment of it! ”All time is precious; but the time of our childhood and of our youth is more precious than any other portion of our existence. For those are the periods when alone we can acquire knowledge and develop our faculties and capacities. (4) If we allow these morning ho

37、urs of life to slip away unutilized, we shall never be able to recoup the loss. As we grow older, our power of acquisition gets blunted, so that the art or science which is not acquired in childhood or youth will never be acquired at all. Just as money laid out at interest doubles and trembles itsel

38、f in time, so the precious hours of childhood and youth, if properly used, will yield us incalculable advantages. “Every moment you lose,” says Lord Chesterfield, “is so much character and advantage lost; as on the other hand, every moment you now employ usefully is so much time wisely laid out at p

39、rodigious interest.”A proper employment of time is of great benefit to us from a moral point of view. Idleness is justly said to be the rust of the mind and an idle brain is said to be Satans workshop. It is mostly when you do not know what to do with yourself that you do something ill or wrong. The

40、 mind of the idler preys upon itself.Directions:Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined parts numbered from (1) to (4), from English into Chinese.【答案】（1）如果我们的时间使用得当，我们就能生产出有用的、重要的产品，而这些产品会在市场上赢得其价值。或者我们能利用这些时间充实经验，增长才干，而时机来临时又能转化为钱。（2）我们想到死，便惊恐不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻烦和费用来保全我们的生命。可是，我们对于损

41、失一个小时或者一天的时间却往往漠不关心，忘记了我们的生命原本就是我们生活的每一天、每一小时的总和。（3）现在如果从我们的寿命中扣除所有这些岁月，我们将会发现，能受我们支配的有效的工作时间大约仅十五或二十年而已。谁能记住这一点，谁就不会心甘情愿地浪费他生命的每一刻时间。（4）如果我们让这些生命的早晨时光悄悄溜走，未得到利用，这损失将永远也无法弥补。等我们长大了，获得知识的能力就变得迟钝了，因此在童年和青年时期未能获得的知识和技能将永远不能获得了。4. 不定项选择题Advances in campaign against the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq ar

42、e forcing the extremists to abandon territory there, generating concerns that they are carving out a new stronghold in oil-rich Libya, Secretary of State John F. Kerry said Tuesday.“As everybody here knows, that country has resources,” Kerry said at a conference of 23 foreign ministers from nations

43、that form the core of a coalition fighting the Islamic State. “The last thing in the world youd want is a false caliphate with access to billions of dollars in oil revenue. ”In a joint statement, both Kerry and Italian foreign minister Paolo Gentiloni expressed concern over the “growing influence” o

44、f Islamic State in Libya. They vowed to “continue to National Accord in its efforts to establish peace and security for the Libyan people.”Kerry ruled out military intervention in Libya by the United States in near future. But he said that could change if there were “some turn of events, like weapon

45、s of mass destruction ending up in the hands of the wrong people”.Libya has been in a state of chaos since 2011 when Moammar Gaddafi was ousted. Two rival governments subsequently emerged, and continuing conflict has foiled efforts to establish a united Libyan government.Though the emerging threat i

46、n Libya commanded much of the diplomats attention, the situation in Syria remains troublesome. Success in pushing Islamic State fighters out of an estimated 40 percent of territory they controlled in Iraq and 20 percent to 30 percent of the land they held in Syria has created its own set of urgent p

47、roblems.Fleeing fighters often booby-trap homes and demolish buildings, which then need to be cleared and rebuilt before residents can return. Kerry urged his fellow foreign ministers to donate more money to a stabilization fund for rebuilding and restoring services in those areas.Now that U. N. -ba

48、cked Syria peace talks aimed at ending the war have started in Geneva, Kerry called on Russia to stop bombing opposition fighters and the Syrian government to grant humanitarian access to besieged towns.With the onset of peace talks, a cease-fire should follow shortly, he said.“We are at the table,

49、and we expect a cease-fire,” he said. “And we expect adherence to the cease-fire, and we expect full humanitarian access.”In Geneva, where U. N. envoy Staffan de Mistura on Monday declared the official opening of talks between the Syrian government and opposition, both sides said that as far as they

50、 were concerned, negotiations had not yet begun.In a statement, the opposition delegation said Syrian rebels are facing “a massive acceleration of Russian and regime military aggression. including attacks on hospitals and critical infrastructurev near the cities of Aleppo and Homs over the past two

51、days.The Syrian government delegation accused the opposition of acting like “amateurs and not professional politicians”. Syrias United Nations ambassador, Bashar Jaafari, representing Syrian President Basher al-Assad, said his side challenged the participation of two “terrorist” groups in the opposi

52、tion delegation, according to the state-run Syrian Arab News Agency.The Obama administration is eager for the peace talks to begin and has pressured the opposition to participate. Opposition representatives have said the agreed-upon rules for the negotiations, in a U. N. resolution, call for an end

53、to bombardments and government sieges of civilian areas, as well as the release of prisoners.Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told reporters there that his government considered members of Jaish al-Islam and Ahrar al-Sham to be participating in the opposition delegation in their “personal capa

54、city” rather than as official representatives. Lavrov also said that he considers it the responsibility of the United States, as leader of the coalition against the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq, to prevent conflict among the various participants operating strike aircraft over those countries.1.Bo

55、th Kerry and Paolo Gentiloni agreed upon the following EXCEPT （ ） .2.Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage?3.What did Kerry urge his fellow foreign ministers to do?4.What did the Syrian government delegation accuse the opposition of?问题1选项A.Continuing to monitor closely the dev

56、elopments in Libya.B.Being ready to support the Government of National Accord in establishing peace and security for the Libyan people.C.Immediate military intervention in Libya.D.Concern over the growing influence of Islamic State in Libya.问题2选项A.The extremists in Libya are forced to abandon their

57、territory in Syria and Iraq.B.According to Kerry, the last thing America wants is a false caliphate with access to billions of dollars in oil revenue in Libya.C.A united Libyan government has been successfully established.D.Longtime dictator Moammar Gaddafi was ousted in 2011.问题3选项A.To push Islamic

58、State fighters out of approximate 40 percent of territory they controlled in Iraq.B.To donate more money to a stabilization fund for rebuilding and restoring services destroyed by fleeing fighters.C.To drive Islamic State fighters out of the land they held in Syria and adhere to the ceasefire.D.To s

59、top bombing opposition fighters and grant humanitarian access to besieged towns.问题4选项A.Performing like amateurs and not professional politicians.B.Accelerating attacks on hospitals and critical infrastructure near the cities of Aleppo and Homs.C.Participating in bombardments and sieges of civilian a

60、reas.D.Preventing conflicts among various participants operating strike aircraft over Syria, Iraq and Libya.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. Both Kerry and Paolo Gentiloni agreed upon the following EXCEPT _. 1. 除了_，克里和保罗真蒂洛尼都同意以下内容。A. Continuing to monitor closely the developments in Libya

61、. A. 继续密切关注利比亚局势的发展。B. Being ready to support the Government of National Accord in establishing peace and security for the Libyan people. B. 随时准备支持为利比亚人民建立和平与安全的国家团结政府。C. Immediate military intervention in Libya. C. 立即对利比亚进行军事干预。D. Concern over the growing influence of Islamic State in Libya. D. 对伊斯

62、兰国在利比亚日益增长的影响力的担忧。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第四段“克里排除了美国在不久的将来对利比亚进行军事干预的可能性。但他表示，如果事态出现某些转折，比如大规模杀伤性武器最终落入错误的人手中，会改变这一立场。”，从中可知，C选项“立即对利比亚进行军事干预”中的Immediate不符合原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“继续密切关注利比亚局势的发展”根据解题思路可知，克里和保罗真蒂洛尼排除了美国在不久的将来对利比亚进行军事干预的可能性，但是如果事态变化会改变立场，这说明他们将继续关注利比亚的局势发展，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；B选项“随时准备支持为利比亚人民

63、建立和平与安全的国家团结政府”定位至第三段第二句“他们誓言要继续全国团结，为利比亚人民建立和平与安全的努力”，从中可知，B项符合原文，属于反向干扰；D选项“对伊斯兰国在利比亚日益增长的影响力的担忧”定位至第三段第一句“在一份联合声明中，克里和意大利外长真蒂洛尼都对伊斯兰国在利比亚日益增长的影响力表示担忧”，从中可知，D项符合原文，属于反向干扰。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage? 2. 根据文章，下列哪个选项是错误的？A. The extremists in Libya are

64、forced to abandon their territory in Syria and Iraq. A. 利比亚的极端分子被迫放弃了他们在叙利亚和伊拉克的领土。B. According to Kerry, the last thing America wants is a false caliphate with access to billions of dollars in oil revenue in Libya. B. 根据克里的说法，美国最不希望看到的就是一个虚假的哈里发国，可以从利比亚获得数十亿美元的石油收入。C. A united Libyan government has been successfully established. C. 一个统一的利比亚政府已经成功建立。D. Longtime dictator Moammar Gaddafi was ousted in 2011. D. 长期独裁者卡扎菲于2011年被推翻。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第五段的内容“自2011年卡扎菲被推翻以来，利比亚一直处于混乱状态。随后出现了两个对立的政