2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第58期

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1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The European online fashion business is fierce. Just ask backers of one-time highfliers like , the urban sportswear retailer that tanked last year, and D, the struggling mens wear specialist. Those once stellar online brands expanded too fast, spent much more

2、 than they earned, and then lost their investor support after Internet stocks began plummeting last April. The markets sent online fashion stores a tough message: Come up with business models that generate revenues.A few firms have shown that not all online fashion shops are Internet disasters. Cope

3、nhagen-based H, the designer-label discount store, Swedens sportswear vendor Sportus and the Italian shirts store Marco Bracci are doing well in a very tough environment.Haburis distinctive business model is an Internet version of the factory outlet where brand manufacturers sell directly to consume

4、rs at lower prices from huge out-of-town shopping malls. A concept used in the U.S. far more than in Europe, and Haburi wants to fill the gap. Michael Vad, Haburis CEO, says that Europes apparel factory outlet sector could yield $ 10 billion in sales annually.According to Vad, national regulations t

5、hat limit malls outside city centers have hampered the development of this sector. “For the consumer, theres the two-hour drive to the mall, and when you get there you dont know whether youll get the size or color you want,” says Vad. By going online, Haburi aims to cut the retailers costs, save con

6、sumers the long drive, and deliver orders within two to five days. Haburi splits net revenue 50-50 with the brand manufacturers.Haburi already has about 30,000 online customers. The additional $12 million invested in Haburi last June indicates investors will still back business-to-consumer Internet

7、companies, but only if they have a solid strategic vision and not just a fashionable whim spurred by Internet hype. So where did Dressmart and go wrong? “They were supposed to run out of money. They were among the companies that only got investment money if they promised very rapid expansion,” obser

8、ves Ola Ahlvarsson, Stockholm-based CEO of Result Venture Knowledge International, a venture capital firm that controls Sportus. But the rules have changed since Internet stocks dived last year.Apparel is difficult to sell online because people like to feel and touch the clothes they buy. For the on

9、line retailer, acquiring the items, inspecting them, cleaning and storing them before shipping orders, plus handling returns, can be expensive. “The cost of customer service in the apparel business is much higher than selling books or even furniture,” says Matthew Nordan, a retail analyst at Forrest

10、er Researchs Amsterdam office. Unless linked to a major established operation, an online retailer needs a competitive edge. For example, Italian shirt maker Marco Bracci sells expensive goods for high profits and has cornered a niche market. Dressmart, on the other hand, tried to do too much too soo

11、n. Originally it planned to sell only shirts and to make the ordinal Swedish operation profitable before branching out. But within months it tried to go pan-European and sell everything including ties, shoes and sportswear, and to rent physical outlets at airports. Dressmart, on the verge of bankrup

12、tcy and searching for a backer, has now scaled back and operates only in Sweden.Ahlvarsson says one-year-old Sportus, currently trading in the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden and Norway, succeeds by keeping costs to a minimum, unlike which spent around $125 million in its brief existence. “B also bough

13、t its technology for about $10 million. Thats unrealistic. We spent $300,000 on ours and it works like clockwork,” Ahlvarsson claims. “In the Internet world, they think the guy with the most marketing money will win. It is, in fact, the guy with the best management team and supporting organization.”

14、Despite its apparent success, CEO Vad admits that the recent shakeout in online clothes retailers has affected Haburi. “Were going to postpone our Asian launch. We need to build our brands and get the right sales volume and be a lot smarter,” he says. In other words, the successful online fashion re

15、tailers are the ones that stick to their knitting.1. The author says that “Haburi wants to fill the gap”. What does it mean?2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?3. According to the passage, Italian shirt maker Marco Bracci（ ）.4. Which of the following reasons contrib

16、utes to the failure of many online fashion businesses?问题1选项A.Haburi will try to make up the loss caused by the plummeted Internet stocks.B.Haburi will use the business concept popular in America and in Europe.C.Haburi will increase its output to make up the need of the customers.D.Haburi will build

17、more out-of-town shopping malls as Americans do.问题2选项A.The fail of these online fashion businesses caused the fall of Internet stocks.B.Online fashion stores learned a tough lesson: online fashion shops are disastrous.C.The online brands have never been successful.D.Those once highfliers like and D

18、have tanked.问题3选项A.has obtained a certain market through its special operationB.has lost its market because of its high cost of expansionC.hasnt made profits because the high cost of expansionD.has now scaled back and operates only in Sweden问题4选项A.They dont have management team and supporting organi

19、zation.B.Their expansion of operation is too fast before they make profits.C.They dont have enough money to buy new technology.D.No investor is interested in online fashion businesses.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者所说的Haburi想去弥补空白是什么意思？”文章第四段提到“Vad看来，对市中心之外的商场进行限制的相关国家法规阻碍了这一方案的发展”（Acco

20、rding to Vad, national regulations that limit malls outside city centers have hampered the development of this sector）；文章第三段提到Haburi独特的商业模式是一种网络版的工厂直销店，品牌制造商直接在大型城郊购物中心以更低的价格卖给消费者（Haburis distinctive business model is an Internet version of the factory outlet where brand manufacturers sell directly

21、to consumers at lower prices from huge out-of-town shopping malls），由此可知fill the gap的方案就是建立更多的城郊购物中心，选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知下列哪个选项是正确的？”文章第一段第二句话提到“去问问那些曾经风光一时的企业的支持者就知道了，这些网络品牌包括去年遭遇失败的城市运动服装零售商和陷入困境的男装专营商D”（Just ask backers of one-time highfliers like , the urban sportswear retailer that tanke

22、d last year, and D, the struggling mens wear specialist），可知这些风光无限的企业现在遭遇困境，因此选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，意大利衬衫制作商Marco Bracci”。文章第六段提到意大利衬衫制作商Marco通过销售高价商品来获取高额利润（For example, Italian shirt maker Marco Bracci sells expensive goods for high profits and has cornered a niche market），由此可知，Marco通过销售奢侈品占

23、据了一定的市场，因此选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“以下哪个原因导致了许多在线时尚企业失败？”文章第六段介绍了Dressmart，提到Dressmart急于拓展欧洲市场（Dressmart, on the other hand, tried to do too much too soon. Originally it planned to sell only shirts and to make the ordinal Swedish operation profitable before branching out. But within months it tried to g

24、o pan-European and sell everything），由此可知它们失败的原因就在于急切想要扩张业务，因此选项B符合题意。2. 单选题There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be

25、 presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences which they address. We will now briefly describe them.The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reported in a brief, y

26、et informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as “background”)，procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as

27、 discussion).The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (researchers or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will

28、emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data. It is important

29、 for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write a

30、s part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, t

31、he rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of the process of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form, of conclusions, implications, and recomm

32、endations. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the students ability to carry out research.The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences and seminars, and at such meeting research papers are usually pr

33、esented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and em

34、phasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting and whether they are researchers or practitioners.1. The best title for this passage could be（ ）.2. We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through（ ）.3. Which of the follo

35、wing statements is not mentioned in this passage?4. How can a professor evaluate a students capability of implementing the research?问题1选项A.Writing of Research Reports.B.Types of Journal ArticlesC.Types of Research Reports.D.Writing of Different Articles.问题2选项A.their aims and possible audiencesB.thei

36、r writing style and lengthC.their presented places and timeD.their content and purposes问题3选项A.All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken language.B.Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way.C.Both journal articles and co

37、nference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers.D.The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways.问题4选项A.By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and discussion.B.By emphasizing the practical implications and recommenda

38、tions of the research.C.By noting the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the data and results, etc.D.By focusing on the detailed description of the research such as the tools, procedures, the process of data anal

39、ysis, the results and conclusions, etc.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最适合该文章的标题是什么？”文章第一段第一句话提到“报告研究的形式有很多，比如刊登在期刊中的文章，给资助机构的报告等”(There are a number of formats for reporting research)以及第一段最后一句话“我们将会简单描述它们”(we will now briefly describe them)，可知选项C“研究报告的种类”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“我们主要可以通过以下哪种方式来

40、区分这些研究报告？”文章第一段提到“这些报告形式相互的主要区别是在其写作目的和针对的受众上”(These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences which they address)。因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“以下哪个成熟在文章中没被提到？”文章第五段提到会议论文主要以口头形式呈现（The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences and seminars, and at suc

41、h meeting research papers are usually presented orally），但是没有提到论文（ theses or dissertations）也是以口头形式呈现，因此选项A没有在文中提及，符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“教授如何评估学生执行研究的能力？”文章第四段最后一句提到“对研究过程的详细描述是为了让教授了解学生进行研究的能力”(This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indicatio

42、n of the students ability to carry out research)，而这些详细研究就是前面提到的 “detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of the process of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form, of conclusions, implicatio

43、ns, and recommendations”,因此选项D符合题意。3. 单选题He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to（ ）the consequences.问题1选项A.answer forB.step intoC.abide byD.run into【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。answer for “对负责”； step into “进入”; abide by “遵守”；run into “遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他没有履行合同的一些条款”，因此他需要对此负责，

44、选项A符合题意。4. 翻译题Translate the following part into English.北京奥运会弘扬了团结、友谊、和平的奥林匹克精神，成为世界各国人民共同见证的文化交流的盛会。北京奥运会的成功，是中国人民和世界各国人民共同努力的结果。 荣誉属于国际奥林匹克大家庭，属于在比赛场上奋勇争先的运动员，属于来自世界各地的自愿者。北京奥运会的举办，将更加有力地促进中国体育事业向前发展，将更加广泛地促进中国同国际奥林匹克大家庭的交流合作，将更加深入地促进中国人民同世界各国人民的相互了解和友谊。【答案】The Beijing Olympic Games has promoted t

45、he Olympic spirit of solidarity, friendship and peace. It has become a grand even of cultural exchanges witnessed by people of the whole world. The success of the Beijing Olympic Games is attributable to the concerted efforts of the Chinese people and people from the rest of the world. The glory goe

46、s to the Olympic Family, to athletes who have competed hard, to volunteers from different parts of the world. The hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games will give a boost to the further development of sports in China, promote more extensive exchanges and cooperation between China and the International

47、 Olympic Family and further enhance the mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese people and people of all other countries.5. 单选题The board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would be（ ）important positions.问题1选项A.inserted intoB.furnished withC.installed inD.attr

48、ibuted to【答案】C【解析】考查短语搭配。insert into “插入，写入”； furnished with “提供”； installed in “把安装于”；attribute to “归因于”。根据young man 与 important positions可知是将“合格的年轻人放到重要的位置”，选项C符合题意。6. 单选题If a contemporary Rip Van Winkle had slept for forty years and awakened today, he would have to go back to school before he cou

49、ld understand a daily newspaper or a magazine. He would never have heard of atomic bombs, baby sitters, flying saucers or contact lenses, or of mambo, microfilm, nylons, or smog.Many new words have been added to the English language in the past forty years; and since Shakespeares time the number of

50、words in the language has increased more than five times, from about 140,000 to somewhere between 700,000 and 800,000. Most of these new words have not come from borrowing, but from the natural growth of language.The language has always changed, but the rate of change has been uneven; minor changes

51、have slowly accumulated in every generation, but there have been periods of rapid change as well .The most important of these periods occurred during the two hundred and fifty years after 1066, the year the Normans conquered England. Before the conquest, the inhabitants of English spoke Anglo-Saxon,

52、 a complex Germanic language. The Normans were Norsemen who settled in northern France in the tenth century and by 1066 were speaking a form of French. After their conquest of England they instituted Norman French as the dominant language the language of the upper classes, of law, of government and

53、of such commerce as there was.Nevertheless, the mass went right on speaking Anglo-Saxon and reestablished itself as the language of the upper classes, as English, and had it become a flexible, exact, splendid and moving instrument of expression. Norman French, meanwhile, had become something comic s

54、poken by the villains in the old mystery plays just for a laugh.The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, during which printing become established, saw the stabilization of spelling and, more important, the establishment of colonies in America. Immediately the language of the new world and that of t

55、he old world began to draw apart. In writing, too, a change has taken place. The use of the colloquial in American writing is increasing rather than diminishing. The increasing use of the colloquial in our writing is an interesting change that is bound to have far-reaching consequences.The enormous

56、enlargement of our vocabulary, the increasing use of our writing of the spoken idiom, and changes in our pronunciation are not the only changes that taking place, however. There have also been significant grammatical alternations in our language. Such changes take place only by generations or decade

57、s at the fastest, so they pass unnoticed by all but grammarians; yet even the layman can perceive them when he is told that something seems quite all right to him that regarded as erroneous only a few years ago.Nobody knows why all these changes are being made, perhaps we are in the process of reduc

58、ing our verbs to a few basic words. If this is so, it may mark a change as significant as that took place after the Norman conquest.Whatever the reasons for the changes that are taking place, the vocabulary will probably continue to expand, because the expansion of our knowledge and experience requi

59、res the invention of new words or the adaptation of old ones. Meaning will depend more and more upon word order and context, and spelling will become simpler, with fewer common variants. Pronunciation, because of the great mobility of our population and the spread of radio and television, will tend

60、to become more uniform.1. What will probably happen to the vocabulary according to the author?2. The most important change of language in England after 1066 was that（ ）.3. Why did grammatical alteration changes take place unnoticed?4. Why are all these changes being made?5. According to this passage

61、, most of the new words are from（ ）.问题1选项A.The meaning will depend more and more upon word order.B.The spelling will become simpler.C.The amount of vocabulary will continue to expand.D.All of above.问题2选项A.The people in England cant speak Anglo SaxonB.The official language has change from Anglo-Saxon

62、 language to Norman FrenchC.The Anglo-Saxon was instituted as the dominant languageD.The masses went on speaking Norman French问题3选项A.Because the changes gradually take place by generations or decades.B.Because grammatical alterations are not important compared with the other changes.C.Because only g

63、rammarians can perceive the alteration.D.Because the layman cannot perceive the alternations.问题4选项A.In order to meet the requirement of the development of language.B.Because we need to change the language to cope with grammar.C.Nobody knows the exact reasons.D.Because we are in the process of reduci

64、ng our verbs to a few basic words.问题5选项A.borrowingB.the natural growth of languageC.combination of two old wordsD.daily newspaper or magazine【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者的观点，词汇可能会发生什么变化？”文章最后一段第一句话提到“词汇量可能继续扩大”（the vocabulary will probably continue to expand），因此可知选项C表述正确；接下来提到“意义将越来越取决于词序和上下文，并且拼写将变得简单”（Meaning will depend more and more upon word order