2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第50期

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1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题In Western history, work was not only a useful activity, but（ ）which carried with it a profound satisfaction.问题1选项A.the oneB.oneC.activityD.work【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。当先行词是不定代词the one，something等时，不能用引导词which而应该用that，所以A选项可首先排除；填空处应填入代词来指代前面提到的work，所以选项B正确；填入D选项重复，所以

2、不正确。句意：在西方历史上，工作不仅是一种有用的活动，而且还带来了一种深深的满足感。本题选择B选项。2. 单选题On hearing the news, I went up to Dales room, removed the hamster from its cage and, paying（ ）attention to her grief, proceeded to swing it around by its tail to make sure it really was dead.问题1选项A.scarceB.bareC.insufficientD.scant【答案】D【解析】考查形容

3、词辨析。A选项scarce“缺乏的，不足的”，强调罕见，稀有；B选项bare“空的，赤裸的”；C选项insufficient“缺乏能力的”；D选项scant“缺乏的，不足的”，强调的是减少，限制。句意：听到这个消息后，我前往黛尔的房间，把那只仓鼠从笼子里拿出来，毫不在意她的悲伤，接着提着它的尾巴甩来甩去，看看它是不是真的死了。句中指的是对黛尔的悲伤视而不见，所以选项D更恰当。3. 单选题Despite the opposition from his family, the boy remained（ ） in his decision to marry her.问题1选项A.faithfulB

4、.constantC.staunchD.resolute【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项faithful“忠诚的”；B选项constant“不变的”；C选项staunch“坚定的，忠诚的”；D选项resolute“坚决的，果断的”。句意：尽管遭到家人的反对，男孩还是下定决心要娶她。这里是指果断的下定决心，所以选项D符合语境。4. 单选题The problem with（ ）biological inventions unlike, say, guns and explosives is that once released, they can breed by themselves.问

5、题1选项A.viciousB.ferociousC.maliciousD.malevolent【答案】C【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项vicious“恶毒的，恶意的”，强调的是“狂暴的；残酷的”；B选项ferocious“残忍的，惊人的”，强调的是“暴力的”；C选项malicious“蓄意的，怀恨的”，强调的是怀有恶意的；D选项malevolent“恶毒的，坏心肠的”，强调的是“人的心肠坏”。句意：与枪支和爆炸物等不同，恶毒生物的发明，其问题在于，一旦被释放，它们可以自行繁殖。这里是指怀有恶意的生物学上的发明，所以选项C更符合语境。5. 单选题Every country and culture

6、, whether its as ancient as India or as young as the Czech Republic, has a history that will greatly affect both the market and the marketer. A market that has been heavily exploited in the past by foreigners will turn a predictably skeptical eye toward any overseas company seeking new sales territo

7、ry. It may even refuse products that could greatly benefit the society. Understanding that history will enable a marketer to approach the culture in a more subtle manner, and it will certainly cause an adjustment of schedule. On the other end, a culture that has been marked by independence for some

8、time will have few fears of foreign operations and may find the subtle approach far too lackluster and slow.Marketers may bring their own business to the process and should take care to separate themselves, at least emotionally, from their personal and cultural history. Oftentimes, this includes rac

9、ial prejudices that are difficult to shake, earlier political disagreements that have never been fully settled, of old unhealed war wounds. Lets look at the race issue first. Companies with Caucasian marketing personnel returning to post-apartheid South Africa are generally plagued with a feeling th

10、at they owe something to the new black majority government. Its a completely self-generated debt as the government is, in reality, overjoyed that investment has returned after the long embargo. However, this joy doesnt prevent South Africa companies from taking advantage of counterparts guilt feelin

11、gs when its time to cut a deal. On the political front, the relationship, between Vietnam and the United States is a prime example of two sets of marketers misinterpreting each others history and culture when it came time to do business. Following in the wake of the bloody two-decade war that ended

12、in 1975, the United States and Vietnam finally reopened trade in 1994. The Vietnamese assumed that American business community would heap investment on them to make up for past wrong, while the American thought they would be welcomed as the saviors of Vietnams floundering economy. Most of Americas m

13、arketers sent to Vietnam were small children during the war, and the conflict had little bearing on their lives .Vietnams decision makers on the other hand were primarily veterans of the conflict and saw it as the key element of the relationship. Neither side paid attention to the others view of his

14、tory nor the results have been decidedly disappointing for almost everyone.1.The passage mainly discusses that（ ）.2.It is advisable for a marketer to（ ）.3.According to the passage, which of the following is true?4.The Caucasian example indicates that（ ）.5.According to the passage, which of the follo

15、wing is NOT true?问题1选项A.cultural differences force companies to adjust scheduleB.marketing success and failure are much like historyC.developing countries are hostile to developed countriesD.the history of a country or culture influences the market问题2选项A.understand the history of a country or cultur

16、eB.exploit the market with great effortC.keep a skeptical eye on overseas companiesD.slow down foreign operations问题3选项A.Marketeers should be responsible for the burdens of the past.B.Marketeers should separate themselves from their personal and cultural history.C.Marketeers should disagree on racial

17、 prejudices.D.Marketeers should take care of the wounded in the war.问题4选项A.South Africans are plagued with a guilty feelingB.South Africans are overloved with the overseas investmentC.South Africans owe debts to Caucasian companyD.South African companies take advantage of their counterparts guilty f

18、eelings问题5选项A.The failure of the reopened trade between American and Vietnam should be taken as a lesson.B.The Vietnamese take it for granted that the American business community will invest money in Vietnam to make up for past wrongs.C.The relationship between Vietnam and the US is a good example o

19、f forgetting the past.D.Misinterpreting history and culture leads to business failure.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文开头“Every country and culture, whether its as ancient as India or as young as the Czech Republic, has a history that will greatly affect both the market and the marketer. 每

20、个国家和文化，无论是像印度一样古老还是像捷克共和国一样年轻，都有一段对市场和营销人员都有巨大影响的历史。并且文中列举了两个例子来论证一个国家的文化或历史会影响市场。故D项正确。2.细节事实题。由第一段“Understanding that history will enable a marketer to approach the culture in a more subtle manner, and it will certainly cause an adjustment of schedule. 了解历史可以使营销人员以一种更微妙的方式接近文化，这肯定会导致对日程表的调整。”可知商人了

21、解一个国家的文化或历史很重要。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第二段“Marketers may bring their own business to the process and should take care to separate themselves, at least emotionally, from their personal and cultural history. 营销人员可能会把他们自己的业务带入到这个过程中，他们应该注意把自己与他们的个人和文化历史分开，至少在情感上是这样。”可知B项“市场营销人员应该把自己与个人和文化历史分开。”正确。4.推理判断题。由第三段“H

22、owever, this joy doesnt prevent South Africa companies from taking advantage of counterparts guilt feelings when its time to cut a deal. 然而，这种喜悦并不能阻止南非公司在谈判时利用对手的内疚感。”可知D项“南非的公司利用了他们对手的负罪感”正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“On the political front, the relationship, between Vietnam and the United States is a prime exa

23、mple of two sets of marketers misinterpreting each others history and culture when it came time to do business. 在政治方面，越南和美国之间的关系就是一个典型的例子，两国商人在做生意的时候会误解对方的历史和文化。”以及“ The Vietnamese assumed that American business community would heap investment on them to make up for past wrong, 越南人认为美国商界会向他们大量投资，以弥补

24、过去的错误，”可知ABD三项均正确，C项“越南和美国的关系是一个忘记过去的好例子。”与原文不符，越南和美国的关系是由于双方商人对于对方的历史和文化的误解。故答案C。6. 单选题To（ ）is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.问题1选项A.conserveB.conceiveC.convertD.contrive【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项conserve“保存，保护”；B选项con

25、ceive“构思，设想”；C选项convert“转变”；D选项contrive“谋划”。句意：保护就是保存和保护，把我们自己喜欢的东西留在如此好的条件下，别人也可以分享我们的乐趣。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a（1）means of（2）social

26、 conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on（3）city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the（4）upper and upper middle-classes, and（5）as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation（

27、6）many a（7）dinner table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or flats, was well（8）. Up to the late 19th century in England only bachelor barristers had established the（9）of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of ho

28、usehold would insist（10）a West End town house as his London home, the best that his（11）could provide.The（12）of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. First, perhaps, through the（13）of the railways, which had enabled a wide（14）of people to enjoy a holiday staying in

29、 a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade.（15）, no doubt, the fact that many of the early luxury flats were similar（16）hotel suites, even being provided with（17）dining rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to c

30、over overheads, but savings were made（18）by these communal amenities and（19）tenants being able to（20）the number of family servants.问题1选项A.conservativeB.conventionalC.convenientD.communicative问题2选项A.easingB.decreasingC.diminishingD.enhancing问题3选项A.compactB.condensedC.compressedD.compatible问题4选项A.flou

31、rishingB.affluentC.humbleD.impoverished问题5选项A.ambiguityB.controversyC.predictionD.compromise问题6选项A.aroundB.throughC.overD.above问题7选项A.respectiveB.respectfulC.respectableD.respecting问题8选项A.launchedB.imposedC.establishedD.enacted问题9选项A.traditionB.anticipationC.convictionD.qualification问题10选项A.inB.toC.

32、uponD.for问题11选项A.senseB.methodC.meansD.duty问题12选项A.superiorityB.popularityC.priorityD.adversity问题13选项A.productionB.destructionC.consumptionD.introduction问题14选项A.categoryB.ratioC.proportionD.range问题15选项A.NeverthelessB.NotwithstandingC.HenceD.Hitherto问题16选项A.withB.toC.forD.as问题17选项A.communalB.mutualC.

33、concentratedD.domestic问题18选项A.vulnerableB.availableC.accessibleD.possible问题19选项A.withB.fromC.atD.by问题20选项A.shortenB.reduceC.shrinkD.increase【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B第6题:A第7题:C第8题:C第9题:A第10题:C第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:D第15题:C第16题:B第17题:A第18题:D第19题:D第20题:B【解析】1.考查形容词辨析。conservative“保守的”；conventional“

34、传统的，常见的，符合习俗的”；convenient“方便的”；communicative“爱说话的，健谈的”。句意：这些公寓在那时是用来缓解社会良知的方便方法，这些房子里当时住着许多穷人。通过把大多数穷人安置在小公寓里是一种方便的方法。故C项正确。2.考查动词辨析。ease“减轻，缓解，缓和”；decrease“减少”；diminish“减少，使变小”；enhance“增加”。此处指缓和社会良知，故A项正确。3.考查形容词辨析。compact“袖珍的，紧凑的”；condensed“浓缩的，扼要的”；compressed“被压缩的”；compatible“兼容的，能共处的”。由city site

35、s可知城市街区里的公寓是很紧凑的。故A项正确。4.考查形容词辨析。flourishing“繁荣的，繁盛的”；affluent“富裕的，丰盛的”；humble“谦虚的，简陋的，”；impoverished “穷困的，用尽了的”。由“upper and upper middle-classes”可知上层阶级是富裕的，故B项正确。5.考查名词辨析。ambiguity“含糊，模棱两可”；controversy“争议，争论”；prediction“预报，语言”；compromise“妥协，和解”。由下文可知此空指的是有关公布公寓生活的优点和缺点的争论。故B项正确。6.考查固定搭配。around the

36、table围坐在餐桌周围。7.考查形近词辨析。respective“各自的”；respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；respectable“体面的，值得尊敬的，人格高尚的”；respecting“关于”。富人的餐桌应该是体面的，故C项符合题意。8.考查动词辨析。launch“发射，发起，发动”；impose“强加，征税，以欺骗”;establish“建立，确立”；enact“颁布，制定法律”。在巴黎和欧洲其他主要城市，富人住在公寓里的习俗已经建立。C项符合题意。9.考查名词辨析。tradition“传统，习惯”；anticipation“预料，预想，预期”；conviction“定罪，确信

37、，证明有罪”；qualification“资格，条件”。句意：到19世纪末，在英国只有单身律师建立了住在法院附近房子里的习惯。故A项符合题意。10.考查固定搭配。insist upon“坚持”。句意：任何有自尊心的户主会坚持希望在西部小镇的房子安家。11.考查名词辨析。sense“感觉，官能”；method“方法”；means“财产，方法”；duty“责任，职务”。这里指代这些有自尊心的户主希望能在西部小镇安家，并且最好他的财产能够负担这些费用。故C项正确。12.考查名词辨析。superiority“优越，优势，优先性”；popularity“普及，流行，受欢迎”；adversity“逆境，不

38、幸，灾难”。富人公寓很受欢迎似乎有许多理由。B项符合题意。13.考查名词辨析。production“成品，成果”；destruction“毁灭”；consumption“消费，消耗”；introduction“介绍，引进，采用”。此处指由于火车的引进，许多人度假能够住在豪华酒店的套房里。14.考查名词辨析。category“种类，分类”；ratio“比率，比例”；proportion“比例，占比”；range“范围，幅度”。a wide range of“大范围的，许多不同的”。15.考查连词。nevertheless“然而，不过”；notwithstanding“虽然，尽管”；hence“因

39、此”；hitherto“迄今，至今”。句意：因此，不足为奇的是许多早期豪华公寓与酒店套房相似。联系上下文可知此处表示因果关系，前为因，此处表示结果。故C项正确。16.考查固定搭配。be similar to“与相似的”。17.考查形容词辨析。communal“公共的，公社的”；mutual“共同的，相互的”；concentrated“集中的，浓缩的，全神贯注的”；domestic“国内的”。由central boilers中心锅炉可推知豪华公寓里的餐厅也是公共的，故A项正确。18.考查形容词辨析。vulnerable“易受攻击的，脆弱的”；available“可获得的，可得到的”；access

40、ible“可进入的，易接近的”；possible“可能的”。由these communal amenties可推知这些公共设施可以帮助租客节省开支。故D项正确。19.考查介词。由and 前面的by these communal可知此空应填by。句意：这些公共设施以及房客通过减少家庭仆人的数量使得节省开支成为可能。20.考查动词辨析。shorten“缩短，减少”；reduce“减少”；shrink“缩小，退缩”；increase“增加”。由savings可推知房客是减少雇佣仆人的数量。故B项项正确。8. 单选题Most of the trees in the temperate zone bec

41、ome（ ）in winter.问题1选项A.barrenB.luxuriantC.rottenD.bald【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。barren“贫瘠的，不生育的”；luxuriant“繁茂的，浓密的”；rotten“腐烂的，堕落的，虚弱的”；bald“光秃的，秃顶的”。句意：热带地区的大多数树在冬天会变得光秃。D项正确。9. 单选题There（ ） no further questions, the Chair will entertain a motion to approve the Presidents report.问题1选项A.had beenB.would beC.wa

42、sD.being【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：没有问题的话，主席要提议请大家核准董事会的报告。句子的前半部分在句中做状语成分，为独立主格机构，所以填空处应填入非谓语动词，只有选项D符合要求。10. 单选题We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a persons knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that,

43、 after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or th

44、e knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a persons true ability and aptitude.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be dec

45、ided in one fateful day. It doesnt matter that you werent feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that dont count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects

46、him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of drop-outs: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we

47、 be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motiva

48、te a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teachi

49、ng their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a

50、 subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight

51、. After a judges decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiners. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a persons true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is

52、 what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.”1.The main idea of this passage is（ ）.2.The authors attitude toward examinations is（ ）.3.The fate of stud

53、ents is decided by（ ）.4.According to the author, the most important of a good education is（ ）.5.Why does the author mention court?问题1选项A.examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.B.examinations are ineffective.C.examinations are profitable for institutions.D.examinations are a burden on

54、 students.问题2选项A.detest.B.approval.C.critical.D.indifferent.问题3选项A.education.B.institutions.C.examinations.D.students themselves.问题4选项A.to encourage students to read widely.B.to train students to think on their own.C.to teach students how to tackle exams.D.to master his fate.问题5选项A.To exemplify.B.To

55、 make comparisons.C.To imply the results of court are more effective.D.To suggest that teachers evolutions depend on the results of exams.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段就提及考试并不能测出一个人真正的能力和才能。接着后面的段落又讲到了考试带来的消极影响，比如制造焦虑，没有锻炼学生独立思考的能力，是管理考试机构有利可图的一项业务。由此可知，本文主要讲的是考试对教育产生了有害的影响。选项A符合原文。2

56、.观点态度题。根据上一题可知文章中大部分内容都是在讲考试对教育产生坏的影响，说明作者对考试是持反对态度的。A选项detest“厌恶，嫌弃”有点言过其实，并且不符合语法规则，detest是动词，填空处应填入名词或形容词；B选项approval“认可，赞成”；C选项critical“批评的”；D选项indifferent“漠不关心的”。只有选项C最恰当。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第三、四句“They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful

57、day. 在我们的社会中，它们(考试)是成功或失败的标志。你的整个未来可能在某一天被决定。”由此可知，孩子们的未来是由考试决定的，所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的第一句“A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. 除了其他方面以外，良好的教育应该训练你独立思考。”由此可知，作者认为良好的教育最重要的是培养学生独立思考，选项B符合原文。5.作者意图题。题目问的是作者为什么要提及法院，原文最后一段中提到“After a judges decision you have the

58、 right of appeal, but not after an examiners. 在法官裁决后，你有上诉的权利，但在主考人阅卷之后，你却没有这样的权利。”由此可以看出，作者这里是将法官和主考官进行对比，以此来说明虽然他们说的话都很有分量，但导致的结果却是截然不同的，所以选项B正确。11. 单选题If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he（ ）able to advise you much better than I can.问题1选项A.would beB.will have beenC.wasD.were【答案】A【解析

59、】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你向你的律师解释情况，他能给你的建议比我好得多。此句表示对现在的虚拟，与现在事实相反的虚拟语气结构是：从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时，主句:主语+ should/would/might/could + do。因此A项正确。12. 单选题She is（ ）to the cost until tragedy alters her life and the lives of those around her.问题1选项A.ignorantB.obliviousC.unawareD.unmindful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ignorant“无知的，愚昧的”

60、；B选项oblivious“健忘的，不注意的”；C选项unaware“未察觉的”；D选项unmindful“漫不经心的”。句意：直到悲剧改变了她和周围人的生活，她才意识到代价的存在。能和介词to搭配的只有B选项，be oblivious to 是固定搭配，意为“不在意的；不以为意的”，所以选项B正确。13. 单选题When my wife, Meg, suffered a severe stroke that immobilized her left side, I knew we would be facing a grueling odyssey involving several hos

61、pitals, dozens of doctors and countless therapy sessions. What I wasnt prepared for was the American Way of Managed Health Care, a system that is bureaucratic and often dysfunctional. Yes, medical practitioners in the United States are generally considered among the best in the world, and my wife pr

62、imarily had first-rate care, but their back-office practice a business dominated by third-party payers is badly run at worst and woefully confusing at best.Megs stroke occurred while we were vacationing in the south of France last summer. After being stabilized in the emergency room of a small hospital, she was transferred immediately to a large teaching hospital, wher