2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前模拟强化练习题34（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题世界发展还很不平衡、贫穷和饥荒仍然在一些落后地区肆虐。环境污染、毒品走私、跨国犯罪、严重传染性疾病等跨国问题日益突出。人类实现和平和共同发展的理想还任重道远。【答案】The benefit of development spread rather unevenly in the world as poverty and hunger ravage no a few countries. Many cross-boundary problems such as environmental pollution, drug tr

2、afficking, transnational crimes and deadly communicable disease have become more salient. All this has made our road toward universal peace and common development a bumpy and challenging one.2. 单选题Among different kinds of monkeys, it is the chimpanzee that has interested scientists .问题1选项A.bestB.mos

3、tC.the mostD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：在不同种类的猴子中，让科学家最感兴趣的是黑猩猩。空格处需要填入一个表示“最，非常”的词，因此选项B符合题意。3. 单选题He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back to following week.问题1选项A.on conditionB.on purposeC.on occasionD.only if【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。on condition “只要，以为条件” ；on purpose

4、 “有目的的”；on occasion “有时，偶尔”；only if “只要就”。句意：他问我借些钱，我同意借给他，前提是他（必须）下周还我。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题The government has decided to an investigation into the increase in deaths from drugs.问题1选项A.initiateB.generateC.conspireD.negotiate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。initiate “开始，创造”；generate “使形成”；conspire “共谋，协力”；negotiate “谈判，交

5、涉”。句意：政府决定对毒品致死人数的增加进行调查。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and recept

6、ive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging

7、the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The idea is not necessary to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the national Institute on Aging. “Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of le

8、ss interest than being able to maintain metal alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same inst

9、itute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. He says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain

10、their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. D.“The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”1. People who are cognitively healthy are those .2. According to Fozard, people can make their brains

11、 work more efficiently by .3. The findings of James and other scientists in their work .4. Older people are generally advised to .5. The passage is mainly about .问题1选项A.who can remember large amounts of informationB.who are highly intelligentC.whose minds are alert and receptiveD.who are good at rec

12、ognizing different things问题2选项A.constantly doing memory workB.taking part in various mental activitiesC.going through specific trainingD.making frequent adjustments问题3选项A.remain to be further provedB.have been challenged by many other expertsC.have been generally acceptedD.are practiced by the resea

13、rchers themselves问题4选项A.keep fit by going in for physical activitiesB.keep mentally active by challenging their brainsC.maintain mental alertness through specific trainingD.maintain a balance between individual and group activities问题5选项A.how biochemical changes occur in human brainB.why people shoul

14、d keep active both physically and mentallyC.how intellectual activities influence healthD.why people should receive special mental training as they age【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到当人们动脑筋的时候大脑会发生变化，使其在注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用（Researchers have established that when people are mentally en

15、gaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory），由此可知有善于动脑的人认知上更健康，因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到了Fozard的观点，他认为普通人没有必要去做大量的记忆训练，只要让思维保持警觉就可以（Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain meta

16、l alertness），因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第三段最后一句话提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能来挑战自己的大脑（Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work），因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第二句

17、话He says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age可知选项A符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一二段提到研究人员证实当人们动脑筋时，会使得注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用；第三四段提到几位研究人员对这个观点的进一步说明，并且建议随着年纪增长，身体和精神都应该得到锻炼，因此选项B“为什么人们应该在身体和精神上都保持活跃”符合题意。6. 单选题If he had known how to repair the toaster, he surely her.问题1选项A.would tellB.w

18、ould have toldC.will tellD.tells【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据if从句的动词时态，可判断出主句应该使用would+现在完成时，因此选项B符合题意。句意：要是他知道怎么修理烤面包机，他肯定早就告诉她了。7. 单选题Vostok is close to the coldest spot in the world, where an _ minus 128.6 F was recorded in 1983.问题1选项A.unreliableB.extraC.impossibleD.incredible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unreliable “

19、不可靠的，靠不住的”；extra “额外的”；impossible “不可能的”；incredible “难以置信的”。句意：Vostok靠近世界上最冷的地方，在1983年的记录中到达了难以置信的零下128.6华摄氏度。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题_ all our kindness to help her; Sara refused to listen.问题1选项A.AtB.InC.ForD.On【答案】D【解析】考查介词词义辨析。at “在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置等）”；in “在内”；for “对；为了”；on “在之上；对于，关于”。句意：对于我们的友好帮助，萨拉拒绝了。选项

20、D符合题意。9. 单选题You cannot ignorance as your excuse; you should have known what was happening all along.问题1选项A.refer toB.defendC.pleadD.persist in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer to “参考，涉及”；defend “辩护；防护”；plead “借口”；persist in “坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情。10. 单选题That part of the city has long been for it

21、s street violence and disorder.问题1选项A.notoriousB.famousC.illegalD.responsible【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Notorious “臭名昭著的”；famous “著名的”；illegal “非法的”；responsible “负责的”。句意：该市那个地区由于街头暴力和无秩序而长时间臭名昭著。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题Many manufacturers were accused of concentrating too heavily on cost reduction, often at the_ of t

22、he quality of their products.问题1选项A.expenseB.exposureC.expansionD.expectation【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。at the expense of “以为代价”。句意：很多生产商被指控过于集中在降低成本，而以产品质量为代价。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题The Forbidden City is the former imperial palace in the center of Beijing, China. A.Construction began in 1406, and the emperors court o

23、fficially moved in by 1420. The Forbidden City got its name because most people were barred from entering the 72-hectare site, surrounded by walls. Even government officials and the imperial family were permitted only limited access. Only the emperor could enter any section at will.The architecture

24、of the Forbidden City conforms rigidly to traditional Chinese principles. All buildings within the walls follow a north-south line, and the most important ones face south to honor the sun. The designers arranged the other buildings, and the ceremonial spaces between them, to impress all visitors wit

25、h the great power of the Emperor, while reinforcing the insignificance of the individual. This architectural concept was carried out to the smallest detail. For example, the importance of a building was determined not only by its height or width but also by the style of its roof and the quantity of

26、statuettes placed on the roofs ridges.In recognition of the importance of its unparalleled architecture, UNESCO added the palace to its World Heritage List in 1987. Today, visitors from all over the world do not wait for an imperial invitation to walk about this palace, now a museum of imperial art.

27、One of the most impressive landmarks of the Forbidden City is the Meridian Gate, the formal entrance to the southern side of the Forbidden City. The gate, with its auxiliary wings on either side of the entryway, is 38 meters high at its roof ridge. When you stand in front of this majestic structure,

28、 you understand how awed people felt when they stood there listening to imperial proclamations.As you walk through the gate, you come into a large courtyard, 140 meters long and 210 meters wide. Running through the courtyard is the Golden River, which is crossed by five parallel white marble bridges

29、. These bridges lead to the Gate of Supreme Harmony, which, in turn, leads to the heart of the Forbidden City. Its three main halls stand atop a three-tiered marble terrace overlooking an immense plaza. A.The plaza has enough space to hold tens of thousands of subjects paying homage to the emperor.A

30、t the northernmost end of the Forbidden City is the Imperial Garden, which is totally different from the rest of the compound. D.Instead of rigid formality, you see a seeming spontaneous arrangement of trees, fishponds, flowerbeds, and sculpture. Here is the place of relaxation for the emperor.1. Fr

31、om the passage, it can be inferred that .2. From the passage, it is implied that the main entrance area to the Forbidden City is .3. Which phrase is closest in meaning to the word “proclamations” in paragraph 4?4. According to the passage, what do the bridges over the Golden River lead to?问题1选项A.Chi

32、nese architects borrowed ideas from many different countriesB.the design of the Forbidden City is dull and colorlessC.the architecture of the Forbidden City exemplifies traditional Chinese valuesD.the garden of the Forbidden City was laid out in a strict, rectangular pattern问题2选项A.surrounded by thre

33、e tall wallsB.painted gold and greenC.decorated with statuettesD.not very impressive问题3选项A.Music composed for public ceremoniesB.Speeches encouraging soldiers to fightC.Official public announcementsD.Poetry written for the emperor问题4选项A.The Meridian gateB.The Gate of Supreme HarmonyC.The center of B

34、eijingD.The Imperial Gardens【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到紫禁城的建筑严格遵循中国的传统原则（The architecture of the Forbidden City conforms rigidly to traditional Chinese principles），由此可知选项C“紫禁城的建筑体现了中国传统的价值观”符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第一段第三句话提到紫禁城得名于大多数人被禁止进入这个区域，周围有围墙（The Forbidden City got its name because

35、most people were barred from entering the 72-hectare site, surrounded by walls），由此可知进入紫禁城的入口是被高墙围住，因此选项A符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章第四段最后一句话提到当你站在这座雄伟的建筑前，你就能理解人们站在那里聆听帝王宣言的敬畏之情（When you stand in front of this majestic structure, you understand how awed people felt when they stood there listening to imperial pro

36、clamations），由此可知选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章 第五段第三句These bridges lead to the Gate of Supreme Harmony可知选项B符合题意。13. 单选题This medicine is very effective. It can dangerous diseases.问题1选项A.deal withB.cureC.improveD.treat【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。deal with “处理；涉及”；cure “治疗”；improve “提高”； treat “治疗，对待”。cure 通常强调结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人

37、的疾病；而 treat 则通常强调过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思。此处并没有明确这种药能治愈危险的疾病，因此选项A符合题意。句意：这种药很有效果，能够处理很多危险疾病。14. 单选题During the nineteen years of his career, France Battiate has won the _ of a wide audience outside Italy.问题1选项A.recognitionB.appreciationC.reputationD.evaluation【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recognition “识别，承认”；app

38、reciation “欣赏”；reputation “名声，名誉”；evaluation “评价”。句意：在19年的职业生涯中，法国Battiate赢得了意大利以外广大读者的赞赏。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题Undergraduate students have no to the rare books in the school library.问题1选项A.accessB.entranceC.opportunityD.path【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。access to “接近，有权使用”。句意：本科生无法去图书馆使用里面的珍贵书籍。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题It is not

39、 uncommon for there _ problems of communication between the old and the young.问题1选项A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻一代与老一代之间的交流存在问题，这种情况非常罕见。此处是there be句型，根据句子结构，可知此处并不缺少谓语动词，因而只能使用非谓语动词，选项A符合题意。17. 单选题Animals that could not themselves to the changed environment perished and those t

40、hat could survived.问题1选项A.conformB.adaptC.modifyD.conform【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conform “使遵守，使一致”；adapt “适应”；modify “修改”；conform “符合，遵照”。句意：不能适应环境变化的动物灭绝了，而那些能适应的存活了下来。选项B符合题意。18. 单选题The greatest social change has been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shorte

41、ning of the proportion of a womans life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. D.By the time th

42、e youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get a paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a womans youngest child will be

43、fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and she is likely to take paid jobs until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenient foods.This important change in womens life-pattern

44、 has only recently begun to have its full effect on womens economic position. Even a few year ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. B.However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving ag

45、e is sixteen. Many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more afterwards return to a full-time or part-time job. B.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marri

46、age, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.1. According the passage, the woman of today usual

47、ly .2. One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she .3. Many girls the passage claims are now likely to .4. According to the passage, it is now quite usually for women to .5. Nowadays, a husband tends to .问题1选项A.gets married instead of getting paid workB.marries before she is twenty-

48、fiveC.has more children under fifteenD.has fewer children问题2选项A.is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselvesB.does not like children herselfC.does not need to worry about food for her childrenD.can retire from family responsibilities when she reaches sixty问题3选项A.give up their

49、 jobs for good after they are marriedB.leave school as soon as they canC.marry so that they can get a jobD.continue working until they are going to have babies问题4选项A.stay at home after leaving schoolB.marry men younger than themselvesC.start working again later in lifeD.marry while still at school问题

50、5选项A.share more family dutiesB.help his wife by doing most of the household workC.feel dissatisfied with his role in the familyD.take a part-time job so that he can help in the home【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到现在的女性通常结婚早，孩子生得少（Today women marry younger and have fewer children），因此选

51、项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段提到以前的女性生孩子生得多，所以当她最小的孩子15岁的时候（可以照顾自己），她已经50多岁了；而现在的女性当孩子15岁的时候，她45岁，还可以生活至少35年，因此可以去找一份工作，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born可知选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章第二段提到虽然很多女性结婚更早，但是直到生第一个孩子之前她们还在工作，并且她们中很多人会继续回来工作或者做兼职工

52、作（Many more afterwards return to a full-time or part-time job），因此选项C符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties andsatisfactions可知选项A符合题意。19. 单选题The United States consists of fifty states, has its own governm

53、ent.问题1选项A.each of themB.they eachC.whichD.each of which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：美国由50个州组成，每个州都有自己的政府。选项D符合题意。20. 单选题After that shock, his friends and family often advise him not to drink more wine is good for his health.问题1选项A.thatB.thanC.asD.but【答案】C【解析】考查连词的用法。根据句意，可知此处需要填入一个表示原因的连词。句意：在那次打击之后，他的朋友和家人经常劝他不要再喝酒了，因为这对他的健康有好处。选项C符合题意。