2022年考博英语-南开大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第6期

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are（ ）off.问题1选项A.avoidedB.excludedC.separatedD.screened【答案】D【解析】近义词词义辨析。avoid“避免, 躲避”;excluded“排除, 驱逐”;separated“分开, 隔开”;screen “筛, 过滤, 屏蔽”。句意:来自

2、外太空的各种宇宙射线透过大气层到达地球, 但是太阳所发出的大量辐射都被过滤掉了。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题You have lived in many foreign countries so Id expect you to have some sort of （ ） people who have just arrived here.问题1选项A.love forB.concern forC.sympathy forD.empathy for【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:你在很多国家居住过，所以我想你应该和刚到这里的人会有一些共鸣。只有选项D符合语境。3. 单选题The doct

3、or told me the medicine can （ ） my headache without doing me any harm.问题1选项A.healB.improveC.cureD.treat【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉我这种药可以治愈我的头痛而不伤害我。选项A，C，D均表示治疗。heal多指创伤，外伤愈合；cure多指病后恢复健康；treat多指对伤口或者病情进行诊断，强调过程。所以选项C符合语境。4. 单选题Donations are needed to （ ） our child-care programs.问题1选项A.implementB.valida

4、teC.strengthenD.approve【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，实现；validate证实，确认；strengthen加强，巩固；approve批准，赞成。句意：实施我们的托儿所项目需要捐款。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, （ ） traffic delays.问题1选项A.affordingB.accounting forC.allowing forD.acknowledging【答案】C【解析】词组辨析。afford“给予，提供，买得

5、起”;account for“对.负有责任，对.作出解释”，allow for“考虑到，顾及”;acknowledge“承认，答谢”。句意:考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站还要20分钟。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to （ ） the weight of the building.问题1选项A.idealizeB.subsideC.initiateD.sustain【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。idealize“理想化”;subside“平息, 减弱”;init

6、iate“开始, 创始, 发起”;sustain“维持, 支撑, 承担”。句意:大楼倒塌了, 因为地基不够坚固, 承受不了大楼的重量。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题The senator agrees that his support of the action would （ ） his chances for reelection.问题1选项A.obscureB.mystifyC.jeopardizeD.distinguish【答案】C【解析】近义词词义辨析。obscure“使模糊不清, 掩盖”;mystify“使迷惑, 使困惑”;jeopardize“危及, 危害, 使陷危地”;disti

7、nguish“区分, 辨别, 使杰出”。句意:参议员承认他支持这次行动会影响他再次获选的机会。选项C符合语境。8. 单选题Researchers have found that migrating animals use a variety of inner compasses to help them navigate. Some direct themselves by the position of the sun. Others navigate by the stars. Some use the sun as their guide during the day, and then

8、 switch tn star navigation by night. One study shows that the homing pigeon uses the Earths magnetic fields as a guide in finding its way home, and there are indications that various other animals, from insects to mollusks, can also make use of magnetic compasses. It is of course very useful for a m

9、igrating bird to be able to switch to a magnetic compass when clouds cover the sun; otherwise it would just have to land and wait for the sun to come out again.Even with the sun or stars to guide by, the problems of navigation are more complicated than they might seem at first. For example, a worker

10、 honeybee that has found a rich source of nectar and pollen flies rapidly home to report. A scientist has discovered that the bee sent out to look for food delivers her report through a complicated dance to the other workers not only how far away the food is, but also what direction to fly in relati

11、on to the sun. But the sun does not stay in one place all day. As the workers start out to gather the toed, the sun may already have changed its position in the sky somewhat. In later trips during the day, the sun will seem to move farther and farther toward the west. Yet the worker bee seem to have

12、 no trouble at all in finding the food source. Their inner clocks tell them just where the sun will be, and they change their course correspondingly.1.The author mentions all the following natural phenomena that help animals navigate EXCEPT （）.2.What makes it necessary for a bird to rely on a magnet

13、ic compass when navigating?3.According to the passage what information does the dance of the scout bee communicate to the other worker bees?4.What enables the bees to fly by the sun even though the suns position is not fixed?问题1选项A.the sunB.the starsC.magnetic fieldsD.wind direction问题2选项A.The possib

14、ility of bad weatherB.The constant motion of the sun.C.Its patterns of migration.D.Its need to constantly change homes.问题3选项A.The time of the day.B.What the weather is like.C.How far away the food is.D.Which flowers the scout has found.问题4选项A.They are equipped with biological time clocks.B.They fly

15、in formation behind the scout bee.C.They have excellent eyesight.D.They have long memories.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段前半部分的内容可知，选项A，B，C均有提及，只有选项D没有提及。2.细节推断题。根据第一段最后一句“It is of course very useful . the sun to come out again.”当云层遮住太阳时，候鸟利用磁场辨别方向是非常有用的；否则它就只能着陆，等待太阳再次出来。也就是说，当天气不好的时候，鸟就必

16、须依靠磁场来飞行了。所以选项A符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第二段的第三句“the bee sent out . fly in relation to the sun.”被派去寻找食物的蜜蜂通过复杂的舞蹈向其他工蜂传递信息，不仅告诉它们食物有多远，还告诉它们食物和太阳的相对位置。选项C符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“Their inner clocks tell them just where the sun will be, and they change their course correspondingly.”它们的生物钟告诉它们太阳将在哪里，它们也相应地改变了方向。选项

17、A符合原文。9. 单选题Mary didnt openly attack the plan, but her opposition was（ ）in her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immortal【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。explicit“明确的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲从的”；internal“内部的，内在的”；immortal“不朽的，长生的”。句意：Mary没有公开抨击这项计划，但是她反对的态度含蓄的体现在她没有说任何

18、支持它的话。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Both television commercials and programs present （ ） view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain.问题1选项A.a standardizedB.an unrealisticC.a betterD.an interesting【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据下句“most of us can probably not attai

19、n”可推测，这个观点是不切实际的，所以选项B符合语境。11. 单选题Making private phone calls on the office phone is severely （ ） on in our country.问题1选项A.criticizedB.regardedC.objectedD.frowned【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。选项A符合句意。frowned皱眉，不满。12. 单选题The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep

20、alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness. Broadly speaking, the sleep hours normally （ ） with the hours of darkness.问题1选项A.conformB.coincideC.collideD.comply【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。conform with符合，与.一致；coincide with符合，与.一致（强调时间上的一致性）；collide with冲突；comply with遵守。句意：人类正常的日常活动周期是7-8小时的睡眠和16-17小时的清醒交替进行。广义

21、上说，睡眠时间通常与黑暗的时间相一致。选项B正确。13. 单选题The ancient Greeks had the notion of science as methodical knowledge, （ ） and universally valid.问题1选项A.compellingly certainB.compel certainC.complete certainD.very sure【答案】A【解析】副词搭配。句意:古希腊人认为科学是一种有系统的知识，具有令人信服的确定性和普遍有效性。根据后面的“universally valid”可推测，填空处也应该为副词+形容词的搭配，所以首

22、先排除选项B和C，compellingly与certain搭配使用, 表示“令人信服地确定”的意思。所以选项A更符合语境。14. 单选题The microphone makes the voice sound louder because it concentrates sound waves in one direction and keeps them from（ ） in all directions.问题1选项A.interferingB.dispersingC.spreadingD.distracting【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。interfere妨碍；disperse分散，散

23、开；spread传播；distract转移，分心。句意：麦克风使声音听起来更大，因为它把声波集中在一个方向，并防止它们分散到其他各个方向。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题The torch was （ ） by a famous athlete at the opening of the sports meeting.问题1选项A.deceivedB.ignitedC.implementedD.designated【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deceive“欺骗, 行骗”;ignite“点燃, 使燃烧”;implement“实施, 执行”;designate“指定, 指派”。句意:在运动会开

24、幕式上火炬由一名著名的运动员点燃。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: （ ） it should rank high on any list of science fiction.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。consistently“一致地, 一贯地”;consequently“ 因此, 所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。句意:无论以何种

25、标准来衡量，成人礼都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。17. 单选题An unidentified wit once said, “laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep alone.” Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter, as those unfortunates with good hearing, who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring d

26、isorder, will testify.It has been estimated that one of eight Americans snores: this means that there are approximately 21 million peoplewomen as well as menwho render an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it necessar

27、ily follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat generate the snoring. The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing

28、 and outflowing air. When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations that occur are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, the noise made by snoring can be compared to the noise when breezes flutter a flag on a pole. The frequency of the

29、vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow. Although it is usually the process of in haling or exhaling through the mouth that cause snoring, short snorts come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper. In all fairness to snorers,

30、however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an involuntary out which stops as the offender is awakened.1.The snoring is caused by （ ） .2.If a person produces short snores, most probably he has （ ） .3.The snorers can have control over their act.4.The authors attitude towards the snorers is （ ） .

31、问题1选项A.the soft palate and other structures of the throatB.the inflowing and outflowing air through the noseC.the inflowing and outflowing air through mouthD.the vibrations as a result of the inflowing and outflowing air问题2选项A.a soft palateB.a big noseC.an open mouthD.a small throat问题3选项A.The snorer

32、s can have control over their act.B.both the listeners and the snorers wish to stop the offensive sound of snoring.C.The frequency of the vibrations depends on the position of the tongue.D.There are more men than women who snore.问题4选项A.objectiveB.subjectiveC.sympatheticD.annoyed【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4

33、题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段“The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air.”这些声音来自于软腭和喉咙的其他柔软结构，是由流入和流出的空气的振动反应引起的。选项D符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“short snorts come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper.”张开嘴睡觉

34、的人鼾声短促。选项C正确。3.信息推断题。根据原文可知，打鼾是一种无意识的行为，所以选项A错误；根据原文“The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow.”可知选项C错误；选项D在文中没有提及。所以只有选项B正确。4.态度判断题。结合文章内容可知，作者全文都是在客观的描述人们打呼噜的这个问题以及产生的原因和影响，没有掺杂个人情绪，所以选项A正确。18. 单选题Unless yo

35、u lived through the Eisenhower era, it may be hard to imagine the impact of the on-screen sight of sneering high-school students challenging adults with switch-blades. But in 1950s America, killing was still seen as something rare and horrible, something done by soldiers in battle, by lawmen, by gan

36、gsters, or by the occasional psychopath.Homicides in movies, even those considered violent, were infrequent. Those films presented juvenile delinquency more as the thread of rebellion and disobedience than of outright violence.The idea of American teenagers as killers was beyond compression. The cha

37、nge in 1957 when a wave of teen-street-gang killing in New York City (22 in the first six months of the year) spurred the emergency deployment of six hundred Police Academy cadets in a war on teen street crime. Though teen violence soon lost its place in news headlines to other crises, it did not go

38、 away.Thirty-five years later America is in the grip of a violence epidemic that has transformed the country into one of the most dangerous nations on earth. The national homicide rate, corrected for population growth, increased almost exactly 100 percent from 1950 to 1990. In major cities the incre

39、ase has been much higher. In Los Angeles County the 1953 homicide total was 82. In 1992, with a population almost doubled, the total was 2, 512一an increase of over 1, 000 percent. These are staggering increase by any measure, with the one-year toll for L. A. County exceeding the deaths in over fifte

40、en years of conflict in Northern Ireland.Youth crime accounts for a disproportionate number of these killings. Thats more than twice the number recorded a decade earlier, reflecting the fact, according to FBI reports, that the number of youths who committed murder with guns was up 79 percent in one

41、decade. Clearly something has gone horribly wrong. In looking for a root cause, one of the most obvious differences in the social and cultural fabric between post-World War II and pre-World War II America is the massive and pervasive exposure of American youth to television. Since the 1950s, behavio

42、ral scientists and medical researchers have been examining screen violence as a possible causative element in Americas spiraling violent crime rate. There is compelling evidence of a direct, demonstrable link. Homicide has become the second leading cause among African-American youth. In 1992 the US

43、surgeon general cited violence as the leading cause of injury to women aged 15 to 44, and the US Centers for Disease Control consider violence a public health issue, to be treated as an epidemic.1.From the passage we can infer that （ ） .2.Which of the following is not true?3.A major reason for youth

44、 crime increase is （ ） .4.It is a fact, in 1992, that （ ） .5.The word “spiraling”（Para.5） is close in meaning to （ ） .问题1选项A.from the 1950s on high-school students have been a threat to the safety of adultsB.in the 1950s only some gun-men used gun as weaponsC.it was in the late 1950s that violence w

45、as frequentD.youth crime began in the 1950s问题2选项A.There were more than 22 killings of teenagers in New York, in 1957.B.The wave of teen murder urged policemen to take a quick action.C.Violence was so emergent that even six hundred students of Police Academy were turned to for help.D.Six hundred stud

46、ents of Police Academy were involved in the street crime.问题3选项A.population grows too muchB.young people are exposed too much to screen violenceC.violence is a public issueD.the economic background问题4选项A.population in Los Angeles was of 2, 512 peopleB.homicide totaled 352 in Los AngelesC.homicide ros

47、e up to 2, 512 in Los AngelesD.population in Los Angeles was over 1, 512问题5选项A.movingB.changingC.risingD.falling【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知没有提及高中生对成年人的安全构成威胁, 所以选项A错误;选项B在文中也没有提及;根据二三段的内容, 在20世纪50年代的美国很难想象青少年犯罪, 然而确实发生了, “The idea of American teenagers as killers was beyond c

48、ompression.”由此可以推断, 选项D正确。原文主要说的是青少年犯罪而不是暴力, 所以选项C不正确。2.事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“The change in 1957 . teen street crime.”1957年, 纽约市发生了一起青少年街头帮派杀人事件(今年前6个月有22起), 促使600名警察学院学员紧急部署, 以打击青少年街头犯罪。所以选项D错误。3.事实细节题。根据最后一段“Since the 1950s, behavioral scientists . demonstrable link.”自20世纪50年代以来, 行为科学家和医学研究人员一直在研究银幕暴力, 认

49、为它可能是美国不断上升的暴力犯罪率的原因之一。有令人信服的证据表明, 两者之间存在直接的联系。所以选项B正确。4.细节推理题。根据第四段倒数两句“In Los Angeles County . of over 1, 000 percent.”1953年洛杉矶县共有82个杀人犯。1992年, 杀人犯总数达到2512, 几乎翻了一番增加超过1000%。选项C正确。5.词义理解题。根据原文句意可知, “spiraling”指急剧增长的。选项C与之意思相近。19. 单选题Anyone who trains animals recognizes that human and animal percept

50、ual capacities are different. For most humans, seeing is believing, although we do occasionally brood about whether we can believe our eyes. The other senses are largely ancillary; most of us do not know how we might go about either doubting or believing our noses. But for dogs, scenting is believin

51、g. A dogs nose is to ours as the wrinkled surface of our complex brain is to the surface of an egg. A dog who did comparative psychology might easily worry about our consciousness or lack thereof, just as we worry about the consciousness of a squid.We who take sight for granted can draw pictures of

52、scent, but we have no language for doing it the other way about, no way to represent something visually familiar by means of actual scent. Most humans cannot know, with their limited noses, what they can imagine about being deaf, blind, mute, or paralyzed. The sighted can, for example, speak of a bl

53、ind person as “in the darkness,” but there is no corollary expression for what it is that we are in relationship to scent. If we tried to coin words, we might come up with something like “scent-blind.” But what would it mean? It couldnt have the sort of meaning that “color-blind” and “tone-deaf” do,

54、 because most of us have experienced what “tone” and “color” mean in those expressions, but we dont know what “scent” means in the expression “scent-blind.” Scent for many of us can be only a theoretical, technical expression that we use because our grammar requires that we have a noun to go in the

55、sentences we are prompted to utter about animals, tracking. We dont have a sense of scent. What we do have is a sense of smellfor Thanksgiving dinner and skunks and a number of things we call chemicals.So if Fido and I are sitting on the terrace, admiring the view, we inhabit worlds with radically d

56、ifferent principles of phenomenology. Say that the wind is to our backs. Our world lies all before us, within a 180 degree angle. The dogswell, we dont know, do we?He sees roughly the same things that I see but he believes the scents of the garden behind us. He marks the path of the black-and white

57、cat as she moves among the roses in search of the bits of chicken sandwich I let fall as I walked from the house to our picnic spot. I can show that Fido is alert to the kitty, but not how, for my picture-making modes of thought too easily supply falsifyingly literal representations of the cat and t

58、he garden and their modes of being hidden from or revealed to me.1.The phrase “The other senses are largely ancillary” (Paragraph 1) is used by the author to suggest that（ ）.2.The example in the last paragraph suggests that “principles of phenomenology” mentioned in Paragraph 3 can best be defined a

59、s（ ）.3.The missing phrase in the incomplete sentence “The dogswell, we dont know, do we?” refers to （ ） .4.The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how（ ）.问题1选项A.only those events experienced directly can be appreciated by the sensesB.for many human beings the sense of sight is the pr

60、imary means of knowing about the worldC.smell is in many respects a more powerful sense than sightD.people rely on at least one of their other senses in order to confirm with what they see问题2选项A.rules one uses to determine the philosophical truth about a certain thingB.behaviors caused by certain ki

61、nds of perceptionC.ways and means of knowing about somethingD.effect of single individuals perception on what others believe问题3选项A.color blindnessB.perception of the worldC.concern for our perceptionD.depth perception问题4选项A.a dogs perception differs from a humansB.people fear nature but animals are part of itC.a dogs ways of seeing are superior to a catsD.phenomenology is universal and constant【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据上文“For most humans, seeing is believing, although we do occasionally brood about whether we can believe our eyes.”对大