2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第28期

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1、2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 不定项选择题The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pio

2、neer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the neg

3、ative consequences caused.According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out).Until young children mat

4、ure, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amo

5、unt of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.Keaseys rese

6、arch raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that

7、justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressors action was justified by public duty: five-year-olds reacted very differently to “Bonnie wre

8、cks Anns pretend house” depending on whether Bonnie did it “so somebody wont fall over it” or because Bonnie wanted “to make Ann feel bad.” Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer sol

9、ely guide their judgments.Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and

10、thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.66. Which of the following best describes the passage

11、as a whole?67. According to the passage, Keaseys findings support which of the following conclusions about six-year-old children?68. According to the passage, the research of Nesdale and Rule suggests which of the following about five-year-old children?69. According to the passage, Darley found that

12、 after seven months of kindergarten six-year-olds acquired which of the following abilities?70. According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would NOT have agreed on which of the following points?问题1选项A.A confirmation of an established authoritys theory.B.An expanded definition of commonly misunderst

13、ood terms.C.An analysis of a dispute between two theories.D.A discussion of research findings in an ongoing inquiry.问题2选项A.They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments.B.They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy.C.They do not understand the concept of public duty.D

14、.They accept moral judgment made by their peers more easily than do older children.问题3选项A.Their reactions to intentional and accidental harm determine the severity of the punishments they assign.B.They, as perpetrators of harmful acts, disregard the feelings of the children they harm.C.They take int

15、o account the motivations of actions when judging the behavior of other children.D.They view public duty as a justification for accidental, but not intentional harm.问题4选项A.Differentiating between foreseeable and unforeseeable harm.B.Identifying with the perpetrator of a harmful action.C.Justifying h

16、armful actions that result from provocation.D.Evaluating the magnitude of negative consequences resulting from the breaking of rules.问题5选项A.The kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit.B.The age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harm.C.T

17、he intentions children have in perpetrating harm.D.The circumstances under which children punish harmful acts.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole? 1. 下面哪个选项最好地描述了这篇文章的整体？A. A confirmation of an established authoritys theory. A. 对权威

18、理论的确认。B. An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms. B. 对常被误解的术语的扩展定义。C. An analysis of a dispute between two theories. C. 两种理论之争的分析。D. A discussion of research findings in an ongoing inquiry. D. 在正在进行的调查中对研究发现的讨论。【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先根据文章第一句“幼儿在什么年龄开始对自己或他人有害的行为做出道德区分，一直是最近儿童道德发展研究的焦点”可知，

19、文章的内容是围绕儿童拥有道德自主的年龄来展开，然后文章主要是讨论了皮亚杰和凯西的研究发现，用Nesdale和Rule，以及Darley的研究做补充说明，综合理解可知，这篇文章主要是对儿童拥有道德自主的年龄进行的研究发现的讨论，D项“在正在进行的调查中对研究发现的讨论”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“对权威理论的确认”，文章并没有对某种理论进行确认，该项属于反向干扰；B项“对常被误解的术语的扩展定义”，文中没有提到对术语的误解，该项属于无中生有；C项“两种理论之争的分析”，原文谈到了不止两种理论，该项属于曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. According to the passage, Kease

20、ys findings support which of the following conclusions about six-year-old children? 2. 根据文章，凯西的发现支持以下关于六岁儿童的结论中的哪一个？A. They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments. A. 他们有能力做出自主的道德判断。B. They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy. B. 他们认为道德绝对主义是对他们道德自主的威胁。C. They do

21、not understand the concept of public duty. C. 他们不理解公共义务的概念。D. They accept moral judgment made by their peers more easily than do older children. D. 他们比年龄较大的孩子更容易接受同龄人做出的道德判断。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段最后两句“然而，在最近的研究中，凯西发现，六岁的孩子不仅会区分意外伤害和故意伤害，而且他们认为不管造成的伤害有多大，故意伤害更淘气。这两项发现似乎都表明，儿童在比皮亚杰声称的更早的年龄就进入了道德发展的第二阶

22、段，即道德自主，在这个阶段中，他们接受社会规则，但认为它们比第一阶段的儿童更武断。”可知，凯西发现六岁的孩子能够自主区分意外伤害和故意伤害，这表明他们进入了道德自主阶段，综合理解可以推断，凯西的发现支持了六岁儿童能够做出自主的道德判断的观点，该题选择A项“他们有能力做出自主的道德判断”符合题意。【干扰项排除】C项“他们不理解公共义务的概念”虽然在原文提及，但与题干无关，该项属于出处错位；B项“他们认为道德绝对主义是对他们道德自主的威胁”和D项“他们比年龄较大的孩子更容易接受同龄人做出的道德判断”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3. According to the passage,

23、 the research of Nesdale and Rule suggests which of the following about five-year-old children? 3. 根据文章，Nesdale和Rule的研究表明，以下哪一个是五岁左右的孩子？A. Their reactions to intentional and accidental harm determine the severity of the punishments they assign. A. 他们对故意伤害和意外伤害的反应决定了他们所指定惩罚的严重程度。B. They, as perpetrat

24、ors of harmful acts, disregard the feelings of the children they harm. B. 作为有害行为的作恶者，他们无视他们所伤害的儿童的感情。C. They take into account the motivations of actions when judging the behavior of other children. C. 在判断其他孩子的行为时，他们会考虑行为的动机。D. They view public duty as a justification for accidental, but not intenti

25、onal harm. D. 他们认为公共义务是意外伤害而非故意伤害的正当理由。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章第三段对Nesdale和Rule的研究的描述，由最后两句“Nesdale和Rule得出的结论是，儿童能够考虑侵犯者的行为是否符合公共义务因此，五岁的孩子开始明白，某些有害的行为，尽管是故意的，也是合乎情理的；道德绝对主义的约束不再仅仅指导他们的判断。”可知，Nesdale和Rule的研究表明，五岁的儿童在做出判断时，不再仅仅依靠道德绝对主义，而是会考虑某些行为的动机，C项“在判断其他孩子的行为时，他们会考虑行为的动机”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“他们对故意伤害和意

26、外伤害的反应决定了他们所指定惩罚的严重程度”，根据解题思路可知，原文定位处没有提到惩罚，该项属于曲解原文；B项“他们作为有害行为的作恶者，无视他们所伤害的儿童的感情”在原文没有依据，该项属于无中生有；D项“他们认为公共义务是意外伤害而非故意伤害的正当理由”，文中提到即便有些有害行为是故意的，但是了解了行为的动机后，孩子们也会认为是情有可原的，所以不管是意外伤害还是故意伤害，他们都会考虑到公共义务，该项属于曲解原文。4.【选项释义】4. According to the passage, Darley found that after seven months of kindergarten s

27、ix-year-olds acquired which of the following abilities? 4. 根据文章，Darley发现，在七个月的幼儿园之后，六岁的孩子获得了下列哪一种能力？A. Differentiating between foreseeable and unforeseeable harm. A. 区分可预见和不可预见的伤害。B. Identifying with the perpetrator of a harmful action. B. 认同一个有害行为的作恶者。C. Justifying harmful actions that result from

28、provocation. C. 为因挑衅而导致的有害行为辩护。D. Evaluating the magnitude of negative consequences resulting from the breaking of rules. D. 评估违反规则所导致的负面后果的严重程度。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段最后两句“Darley观察到，在涉及无意伤害的行为中，刚刚进入幼儿园的六岁儿童无法区分可预见的、可预防的伤害和不可预见的伤害，而这些伤害不能归咎于肇事者。然而，七个月后，Darley发现这些孩子能够做出这两种区分，从而证明他们已经变得道德自主。”从中可知

29、，六岁的孩子在幼儿园呆了七个月后，能够对可预见的、可预防的伤害和不可预见的伤害做出区分，A项“区分可预见和不可预见的伤害”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“认同一个有害行为的作恶者”，在七个月的幼儿园之后，六岁的孩子能够区分可预见伤害和不可预见伤害的后果，该项属于反向干扰；C项“为因挑衅而导致的有害行为辩护”不是Darley的研究发现，该项属于出处错位；D项“评估违反规则所导致的负面后果的严重程度”，Evaluating在原文没有提到，该项属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would NOT have agr

30、eed on which of the following points? 5. 根据文章，皮亚杰和凯西不会就以下哪一点达成一致？A. The kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit. A. 孩子们为他们所做的有害行为给出的各种借口。B. The age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harm. B. 儿童开始区分故意伤害和非故意伤害的年龄。C. The intentions childre

31、n have in perpetrating harm. C. 孩子们实施伤害的意图。D. The circumstances under which children punish harmful acts. D. 儿童惩罚有害行为的环境。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“皮亚杰认为，七岁以下的儿童处于道德发展的第一阶段，这一阶段的特征是道德绝对主义（必须遵守权威制定的规则）和即将到来的正义（如果违反规则，将会受到惩罚）”，和第三句“然而，在最近的研究中，凯西发现，六岁的孩子不仅会区分意外伤害和故意伤害，而且会认为故意伤害更淘气，不管造成的伤害有多大。”可知，皮亚杰和凯西对

32、于儿童是否有道德自主的年龄有不同的分歧，所以该题选择B项“儿童开始区分故意伤害和非故意伤害的年龄”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“孩子们为他们所做的有害行为给出的各种借口”是凯西的研究所发展出来的问题，与题干无关，该项属于出处错位；C项“孩子们实施伤害的意图”和D项“儿童惩罚有害行为的环境”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。2. 单选题Radar is used to extend the _ of mans senses for observing his environment, especially the sense of vision.问题1选项A.validityB.liabilityC

33、.capabilityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. validity（法律上的）有效；合法性B. liability（法律上对某事物的）责任，义务C. capability能力；才能 D. intensity强烈；紧张【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息mans senses for observing his environment（一个人观察环境的感官）可知，空格处指的是“感官能力”，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。【句意】雷达被用来扩展人观察环境的感官能力，特别是视觉。3. 不定项选择题The Gulf Stream, whic

34、h runs like a friendly blue river across the cold green Atlantic Ocean, is one of the mightiest powers in the world. By comparison, the Mississippi and the mighty Amazon are but small rivers. Two million tons of coal burned every minute would not equal the heat that the Stream gives forth in its Atl

35、antic crossing. Without the Streams warmth Englands pleasant green countryside would be as cold as Labrador, which is no farther north than England. If this “river of blue” were cooled as much as 15 degrees, England, Scandinavia, northern France and Germany would probably become a region for the Esk

36、imos.The general course of the blue river has never been known to change. From Florida north the Stream follows the curve of the coast but stays well away from the shore. When the warm waters meet the icy Labrador currents, the Stream loses some speed and heat, but even with icebergs at its margin i

37、t stays warm enough for tropical sea life.As the Stream nears Europe it divides north and south. The northern drift mixed with the Arctic Ocean. The southern drift comes again into the path of Africas hot trade winds, and the waters hurry back to the Gulf of Mexico, gathering again their store of he

38、at. The complete course of the Stream, therefore, is like a tremendous 12,000-mile whirlpool.Scientists think that it takes three years for the Stream to make a complete trip. Their belief is based on the courses of bottles that have been thrown into the Stream to drift. These bottles contain papers

39、, printed in many languages, requesting the finders to note the places and dates of finding and mail them back. Government experts on ocean currents have records of thousands of there “bottle papers”.Other oceans have such currents. In the North Pacific, for example, the Japanese Current makes the c

40、limate of coastal Alaska and Americas west coast mild. Science is still not satisfied with what it knows about these currents. But for most of us it is enough to know that the Gulf Stream and similar currents give warmth to countries that would otherwise be very cold indeed.1. The phrase that best e

41、xpresses the main idea of this selection is _.2. The water in the Gulf Stream is _.3. The effect of the Gulf Stream on England is to _.4. Scientists have used papers in bottles to determine the number of _.5. Many countries should be thankful to the Gulf Stream and similar currents for _.问题1选项A.inte

42、resting facts about the Gulf StreamB.scientific experiments on the Gulf StreamC.currents similar to the Gulf StreamD.tropical sea life in the Gulf Stream问题2选项A.pleasantly greenB.icy and blueC.cold and greenD.warm and blue问题3选项A.make possible the green countrysideB.make England a region for EskimosC.

43、cool pleasantly the air in EnglandD.make necessary the burning of coals in winter问题4选项A.beliefs about the experiments of the bottlesB.languages spoken along the course of the Gulf StreamC.years needed for the Stream to make a complete tripD.similar currents that have not yet been found问题5选项A.cool su

44、mmersB.moderate climatesC.scientific findingsD.specific records of ocean currents【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The phrase that best expresses the main idea of this selection is _. 1. 最能表达这篇文章主旨的短语是_。A. interesting facts about the Gulf Stream A. 关于墨西哥湾流的有趣事实B. scientific experiments on

45、the Gulf Stream B. 关于墨西哥湾流的科学实验C. currents similar to the Gulf Stream C. 类似于墨西哥湾流的洋流D. tropical sea life in the Gulf Stream D. 墨西哥湾流中的热带海洋生物【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先，定位首段第一句“墨西哥湾流就像一条友好的蓝色河流，穿过寒冷的绿色大西洋，是世界上最强大的力量之一”，和末段最后一句“但对我们大多数人来说，知道墨西哥湾流和类似的洋流给那些本来会非常寒冷的国家带来温暖就足够了”可知，文章讨论的主题是墨西哥湾流；然后，文章第二、三段描述了墨西哥湾流的

46、旅行过程，以及第四段谈到了关于墨西哥湾流旅行的科学实验，全文用一种生动有趣的语言的来描写，故A项“关于墨西哥湾流的有趣事实”最能表达文章主旨，该题选择A项符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“关于墨西哥湾流的科学实验”和C项“类似于墨西哥湾流的洋流”是最后两段的内容，不足以概括文章主旨，这两项属于以偏概全；D项“墨西哥湾流中的热带海洋生物”只在文章第二段最后一句有提及，该项也属于以偏概全。2.【选项释义】2. The water in the Gulf Stream is _. 2. 墨西哥湾流中的水是_。A. pleasantly green A. 亲切的绿色B. icy and blue B. 冰

47、冷的和蓝色的C. cold and green C. 冷的和绿色的D. warm and blue D. 温暖的和蓝色的【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“墨西哥湾流就像一条友好的蓝色河流”，和第四句“如果没有这条小溪的温暖，英格兰宜人的绿色乡村就会像拉布拉多一样寒冷，而拉布拉多并不比英格兰更靠北”可知，墨西哥湾流是蓝色河流，且带来温暖，D项“温暖的和蓝色的”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“亲切的绿色”和C项“冷的和绿色的”，墨西哥湾流是蓝色河流而非绿色，这两项属于曲解原文；B项“冰冷的和蓝色的”中的icy与原文相反，该项属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3. The effect

48、of the Gulf Stream on England is to _. 3. 墨西哥湾暖流对英国的影响是_。A. make possible the green countryside A. 让绿色乡村成为可能B. make England a region for Eskimos B. 使英格兰成为爱斯基摩人的领地C. cool pleasantly the air in England C. 使英国的空气凉爽宜人D. make necessary the burning of coals in winter D. 使冬天烧煤成为必要【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段第四句“

49、如果没有这条小溪的温暖，英格兰宜人的绿色乡村就会像拉布拉多一样寒冷”，理解可知，如果没有墨西哥湾暖流，那么英国就没有宜人的绿色乡村，换句话说，墨西哥湾暖流让英国宜人的绿色乡村成为可能，A项“让绿色乡村成为可能”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“使英格兰成为爱斯基摩人的领地”，根据第一段最后一句“如果这条蓝色河流的温度降低到15度，英国、斯堪的纳维亚、法国北部和德国可能会成为爱斯基摩人的一个地区”可知，如果墨西哥湾流温度降低，英国就会沦为爱斯基摩人地区，但这并不是暖流带来的影响，该项属于反向干扰；C项“使英国的空气凉爽宜人”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“使冬天烧煤成为必要”，墨西哥湾带来了暖流，

50、所以不需要烧煤，该项属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. Scientists have used papers in bottles to determine the number of _. 4. 科学家们用瓶子里的纸张来确定_的数量。A. beliefs about the experiments of the bottles A. 关于瓶子实验的信念B. languages spoken along the course of the Gulf Stream B. 沿墨西哥湾暖流行进过程中所说的语言C. years needed for the Stream to make a comp

51、lete trip C. 河流完成一次完整旅行所需的年数D. similar currents that have not yet been found D. 尚未发现的类似洋流【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第四段“科学家们认为，这条河流需要三年时间才能完成一次完整的旅行。他们的信念是基于瓶子被扔进河中漂流的过程。这些瓶子里装着用多种语言印制的纸张，要求发现者记下发现的地点和日期，然后寄回。”从中理解可知，科学家们在瓶子里装着纸张，然后扔进河中，瓶子的发现者还要记录发现地点和日期，这都是为了证实科学家的猜想，即这条河流完成一次完整的旅行需要的时间，C项“河流完成一次完整旅行所

52、需的年数”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“关于瓶子实验的信念”和B项“沿墨西哥湾暖流行进过程中所说的语言”根据解题思路可知，这两项属于曲解原文；D项“尚未发现的类似洋流”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. Many countries should be thankful to the Gulf Stream and similar currents for _. 5. 许多国家应该感谢墨西哥湾流和类似的洋流带来的_。A. cool summers A. 凉爽夏季B. moderate climates B. 温和的气候C. scientific findings C. 科学发现D

53、. specific records of ocean currents D. 海洋洋流的具体记录【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据文章最后一句“但对我们大多数人来说，知道墨西哥湾流和类似的洋流给那些本来会非常寒冷的国家带来温暖就足够了”可知，许多国家应该感谢墨西哥湾流和类似的洋流带来的温暖气候，B项“温和的气候”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“凉爽夏季”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；C项“科学发现”和D项“海洋洋流的具体记录”是科学家们的研究，与题干无关，这两项属于张冠李戴。4. 单选题Most environmental _ from climate changes to freshwat

54、er and forest habitat losshave become markedly worse.问题1选项A.symptomsB.highlightsC.indicatorsD.symbols【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. symptoms症状；征兆 B. highlights最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分C. indicators指示信号 D. symbols象征；符号【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】空格后用了破折号，说明破折号的内容是补充解释空格处所要填的名词，根据破折号内的内容“从气候变化到淡水和森林栖息地的丧失”可知，这是环境恶化的征兆，故空格处表示“征兆”，该题选择

55、A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】大多数环境症状从气候变化到淡水和森林栖息地的丧失已经明显恶化。5. 单选题Before the bank was willing to lend him money, it had to _ that he was the true owner of the house.问题1选项A.verifyB.entrustC.acknowledgeD.grant【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. verify核实；证实 B. entrust委托；交托C. acknowledge承认 D. grant同意，准予【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】按

56、照句意“在银行愿意借钱给他之前，必须_他是这幢房子的主人”可知，空格处表示“证实，证明”符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】银行先得核实他确实是这幢房子的主人，然后才肯借钱给他。6. 单选题When people are insane, they are put away in mental hospitals to be cured.问题1选项A.abnormalB.exhaustedC.crazyD.formidable【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. abnormal不正常的；反常的 B. exhausted筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的C. crazy不理

57、智的；疯狂的 D. formidable可怕的；令人敬畏的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句句意“他们会被送到精神病院去治疗”可推知，insane是指“精神失常的”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。【句意】当人们精神失常时，他们会被送到精神病院去治疗。7. 单选题What we call nature is, _, the sum of the changes made by all the various creatures and natural forces in their intricate actions and

58、influences upon each other and upon their places.问题1选项A.in common senseB.from a senseC.by the senseD.in a sense【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. in common sense普通常识 B. from a sense从一种感觉C. by the sense凭感觉 D. in a sense在某种意义上【考查点】插入语。【解题思路】分析句子可知，句子结构意义完整，而空格处位于系动词和表语之间，且用逗号隔开，可推知空格处填入一个插入语，按照句意“我们所称的自然，_，就是一切不同的生物和自

59、然力在其相互作用和相互影响的过程中所发生的变化的总和”可知，空格处填入D项符合句意，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合句意。【句意】从某种意义上说，我们所称的自然，就是一切不同的生物和自然力在其相互作用和相互影响的过程中所发生的变化的总和。8. 单选题Many of these states have experienced _ nationality conflicts, and few of these conflicts have been permanently resolved.问题1选项A.traumaticB.stockyC.irremediableD.forge

60、tful【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. traumatic痛苦难忘的；极不愉快的 B. stocky矮壮的；敦实的C. irremediable无法纠正的；不可治愈的 D. forgetful健忘的；好忘事的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词nationality conflicts（国籍冲突）和关键信息few of these conflicts have been permanently resolved（这些冲突中很少有得到永久解决）可推知，这些国籍冲突没有得到永久解决，也就是说这些冲突是痛苦难忘的，该题选择A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、D项不符合句意；C项是用来描述一个

61、糟糕的情况或改变无法改善，通常是指永久性的，在这不符合语境。【句意】这些国家中有许多经历过创伤性的国籍冲突，而这些冲突中很少有得到永久解决。9. 翻译题One of the most important and effective uses of language is the emotional. It is also, of course, wholly legitimate. We do not talk only in order to reason or to inform. We have to make love and quarrel, to propitiate and pa

62、rdon, to rebuke, to console, intercede, and arouse. “He that complains,” said Johnson, “acts like a man, like a social being.” The real objection lies not against the language of emotion as such, but against language which, being in reality emotional, masqueradeswhether by plain hypocrisy or subtle

63、self-deceitas being something else.【答案】语言最重要、最有效的一种用途就是表达感情。这当然也完全是合情合理的。我们说话不止是为了讲道理、说事情。我们还要表达爱情、与人争吵、劝诫抚慰、宽恕原谅、调解、激发他人。约翰逊说过：“会抱怨的人行动起来才像一个人，才像一个社会的人。”我们真正要反对的并不是这种表达感情的语言，而是那种实质是表达感情，但却通过十足的虚伪或者是巧妙的自欺，伪装成别的东西的语言。10. 单选题The young woman was so beautiful that she _ every other woman at the ball.问题1选项A.belit