2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第29期

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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题They have launched a campaign to get online ticketing companies to（ ）added costs to customers when buying tickets.问题1选项A.clarifyB.identifyC.justifyD.magnify【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项clarify表示“澄清，阐明”；B选项identify表示“确定，鉴定，识别”；C选项justify表示“证明合法，替辩护”；D选项magnify表示“方大，赞美，夸

2、大”。由句意可知，购票者可以在网上购票平台确定附加费。因此本题正确答案为B选项。2. 单选题Business tourism is very lucrative as business travelers have a higher spend than leisure tourists, which（ ）creates more jobs.问题1选项A.in essenceB.in contrastC.in turnD.in part【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项in essence表示“本质上，大体上”；B选项in contrast表示“与之相反，比较起来”；C选项in tur

3、n表示“反过来，轮流”；D选项in part表示“部分地，在某种程度上”。由句意可知，商务旅游是非常有利可图的，因为商务旅行者比休闲游客有更高的消费，这（ ）创造了更多的就业机会。对比四个选项，只有D选项最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。3. 单选题Chinas first set of regulations on human organ transplant, which prohibits organizations and individuals from trading human organs in any form,（ ）on May lst, 2007.问题1选项A.fe

4、ll backB.fell shortC.went into effectD.come to the point【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项fell back表示“后退”；B选项fell short表示“不符合标准，缺乏”；C选项went into effect表示“生效”；D选项come to the point表示“直截了当的说，简明扼要的说”。分析句意可知，中国颁布的首部人体器官移植条例是从2007年5月1日开始生效。因此本题正确答案为C选项。4. 单选题All national heroes should be recognized, yet the（ ）man, so

5、often overlooked or forgotten in the volumes of history, at least deserves a footnote in the making of America and its struggle to survive.问题1选项A.actualB.commonC.specialD.normal【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。actual实际的；common常见的，普通的；special特殊的；normal正常的。句意：民族英雄应该被承认，然而_人在历史的长河中经常忽视或忘记他们，所以民族英雄在美国形成和挣扎求生的过程中值得有一个脚注

6、。从我们常识判断应该是说普通人容易忘记这些民族英雄。所以B项符合题意。5. 单选题The republication of the poets most recent works will certainly（ ）his national reputation.问题1选项A.enhanceB.strengthenC.enlargeD.magnify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance增加，加强，提高；strengthen加强，巩固；enlarge扩大，使增大；magnify放大，赞美。句意：这位诗人最新作品的再版必将提高他在全国的声誉。enhance reputation提高声誉；A

7、项符合题意。6. 单选题The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today -summed up, not altogether accurately, as “research and development”. Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent phenomenon, dating back in the Unit

8、ed States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science

9、 and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This

10、changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared about using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870，but even then much of what passed for the application of science was “engineering science”

11、 rather than basic science. Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness -if not understanding of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefit

12、s. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This

13、is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on project

14、s that apply research in practical ways. In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.1. What is the authors main purpose in the passage

15、?2. The “list” mentioned in line 13 refers to（ ）.3. The understanding of research and development in the late nineteenth century-is based on which of the following?4. Why does the author mention “consultants” in line 26?5. Which of the following statements does the passage support?问题1选项A.To correct

16、misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, and industryB.To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industriesC.To show how technology influenced basic scienceD.To argue that basic science has no practical application问题2选项A.types of scientific knowledgeB

17、.changes brought by technologyC.industries that used scientific techniquesD.applications of engineering science问题3选项A.Engineering science is not very important.B.Industrial needs should determine what areas fundamental science focuses on.C.The relationship between research and development should be

18、criticized.D.Fundamental science naturally leads to economic benefits.问题4选项A.To show how new areas of science have given rise to new professionsB.To distinguish between scientists who work in industry and those who do notC.To show how scientists who work in basic research contribute to applied scien

19、ceD.To explain the ways in which scientists find financial support for their work问题5选项A.The development of science and of industry is now interdependent.B.Basic scientific research cannot generate practical applications.C.Industries should spend less money on research and development.D.Science and t

20、echnology are becoming more separate.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.作者意图题。由文章开头“The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today -summed up, not altogether accurately, as “research and development”Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research an

21、d development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood. 科学、技术和工业之间的相互关系在今天被认为是理所当然的不能完全准确地概括为“研究和开发”即使在当今这个大规模、密集的研究和开发的时代，这个过程中所涉及的相互关系也常常被误解。”以及本文最后一句“In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular ch

22、annel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional. 总之，科技-工业关系可能以几种不同的方式流动，它所遵循的特定渠道取决于个人情况。它有时甚至是多向的。”可知作者开头即点明人们对科学，技术，工业的相互关系的误解，最后一句也点明这三者之间正变得越来越疏远。作者的意图在于澄清人们对这三者之间的误解。故A项正确。2.词义题。由题干定位到“Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries

23、 could use scientific techniques or cared about using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870直到19世纪后期，只有少数几个行业能够使用科学技术或关心使用它们。1870年后，这一名单显著扩大”由此可知list是指代上文提到的“使用科学技术的行业”。故C项正确。3.细节试题题。由题干定位到“Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and

24、of public awareness -if not understanding of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefits. 尽管如此，到19世纪中叶，科学知识和公众意识（如果不是理解的话）的迅速扩展使人们相信，科学的进步将以某种未指明的方式自动地产生经济效益。由此可知人们相信科学进步能够带来经济效益。故D项正确。4.判断推理题。由题干定位到“Conversely, scient

25、ists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. 相反地，主要从事基础研究的科学家也担任顾问，从事以实际方式应用研究的项目。”从事基础研究的科学家也兼顾应用研究，可知作者想表明科学家对应用研究的贡献。故C项正确。5.判断推理题。由本文最后一句“In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and

26、 the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional. 总之，科学-技术-工业关系可能以几种不同的方式流动，它所遵循的特定渠道取决于个人情况。它有时甚至是多向的。”可知D项“科学和技术正变得越来越分离开”与该内容相符。故D项正确。A项与此内容不符。B项“基本科学研究不能产生实际应用”文中没提到；C项“工业应该在研究和发展上少花点钱”文中也没提到。7. 单选题Colorado state lawmakers will

27、debate a bill, which will treat cyber-bullying as（ ）.问题1选项A.humiliationB.hypocrisyC.hierarchyD.harassment【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项humiliation表示“耻辱，侮辱”；B选项hypocrisy表示“虚伪，伪善”；C选项hierarchy表示“层级，等级制度”；D选项harassment表示“骚扰，烦恼”。由treatas可知，空缺处部分应为cyber-bullying（网络欺凌）的近义词，所以harassment的词义最符合，故本题正确答案为D选项。8. 单选题（ ）a

28、s planned depends on the weather.问题1选项A.Well go on the excursionB.That well go on the excursionC.How well go on the excursionD.Whether well go on the excursion【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。原句表示，我们是否能按计划出去郊游取决于天气。因此本题正确答案为D选项。9. 单选题If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civ

29、il servant. When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector

30、 workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of Americas public-sector wo

31、rkers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britains Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At t

32、he state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the states budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In ma

33、ny rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are a

34、lready generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers unions have fought

35、against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer

36、 under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvards Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coach

37、es and the president of the United States. Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.1. Paragraph 1 suggests that（ ）.2. According to Paragraph 2,（ ）.3. Paragraph 4 points out that the

38、 income in the state sector is（ ）.4. It can be learned from the example of the unions in Wisconsin that unions（ ）5. What is John Donahues attitude towards the public-sector system?问题1选项A.Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servantB.Teamsters has kept growing in its body of membersC.the number of uni

39、onists in public-sector has increasedD.the government has improved its relationship with unionists问题2选项A.a university degree is required for public-sector union membershipB.Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unionsC.public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actionsD.

40、public-sector unions are hesitant in taking actions问题3选项A.fairly adjustedB.illegally securedC.indirectly increasedD.excessively increased问题4选项A.often run against the current political systemB.may be a barrier to public-sector reformsC.can change peoples political attitudesD.are dominant in the gover

41、nment问题5选项A.Tolerance.B.Disapproval.C.Indifference.D.Appreciation.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段第二句“When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.”可知，在1960年只有十分之一的美国政府工作人员属于工会而现在是36%。而由最后两句“In 2009 the

42、number of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized. ”可知，2009年，美国公共部门工会成员的数量超过了私营部门工会成员的数量。在英国，超过一半的公共部门员工加入了工会，但只有15%的私营部门员工加入了工会。由此可以判断，这

43、么多年来，公共部门的工会成员人数有所增加，所以C选项表述正确。原文只是说明Jimmy Hoffa如果活着可能会代表公务员，并不是说他真的是公务员，因此A选项与原文内容不符。B选项“卡车司机成员不断增加”与原文内容不符，原文只是说1960年卡车司机处于巅峰时期，故表述错误。D选项“政府改善了它与工会的关系”，在原文中并未提到，属于无中生有。故本题正确答案为C选项。2.推理判断题。题干询问：根据第二段可以得出。原文第二段主要介绍了工会兴盛的三个原因，原因一：他们可以在不承担后果的情况下解决事情；原因二：他们大多聪明且受过良好的教育；原因三：他们现在主导着中间偏左的政治。由此可知，C选项表述正确，w

44、ithout suffering much说明他们很少惹上麻烦，即seldom get in trouble。原文第二段第四句指出“A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree”，所以并不是所有的公共部门工会成员都被要求拥有大学学位。可判断A选项表述错误。由原因三可知，工党一直和工会联系在一起，工党领袖的当选部分原因归功于公共部分工会的投票，可判断B选项错误。D选项的表述在原文中并未提及，故本题正确答案为C选项。3.细节事实题。题干询问：从第四段可以得知，国营部门的收入是。根据题干信息可定位到原文第4段

45、第三句，通过Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.可知，政客们一再“加码”公共部门的薪酬协议，要保持适度的工资增长，但要增加假期，尤其是已经很丰厚的养老金。由此可知，国营部门的收入需要间接进行提高。可判断C选项正确。A选项表示“公平调整”，B选项表示“非法获得”，D选项表示“过度增加”，均与原

46、文内容不符，故本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问：我们可以从威斯康辛州工会的例子中了解到，工会应该。根据题干信息可定位到原文第六段第二句“In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor”，根据句意可知，在威斯康辛州，各工会集结了数千支持者，反对共和党强硬派州长Scott Walker。由此可知B选项“工会是公共部门改革的障碍”表述正确。A选项“经常与当前的政治体制相抵触”属于推断过度，而C选项“能改变

47、人们的政治态度”和D选项“在政府中占主导地位”在原文中均为提及。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。5.观点态度题。题干询问：John Donahue对公共工会部门的态度是。根据题干信息定位到原文最后一段，由“Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America. ”可知，银行家丰厚的薪水引来了许多批评，但公共部门系统不奖励高成就者，这对美国

48、来说可能是一个更大的问题。由此可见，John Donahue对于美国的公共部门持有不支持的态度，因此B选项Disapproval最符合原文内容，故本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“容忍”，C选项表示“漠不关心”，D选项表示“赞赏”。10. 单选题Satellite photographs can provide information on（ ）rain are falling.问题1选项A.which where and how muchB.where and howC.which and howD.where and how much【答案】D【解析】考查引导词。句意：卫星照片可以提供关于

49、降雨区域以及降雨量的信息。on后面接定语从句，从句的主语已经有引导词连接，不再用which。故D项正确。11. 单选题No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead.There have been and may again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of menta

50、l slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed, where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to

51、find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised ev

52、en persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side, i

53、f she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which she

54、feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should hear the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind

55、. She must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them, who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter a

56、nd dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it

57、 might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profes

58、s.1. According to the author, it is always advisable to（ ）.32. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find（ ）.3. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?4. According to the author, the person who -holds orthodox beliefs without

59、examination maybe described in all of the following ways EXCEPT as（ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?问题1选项A.be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagreesB.adopt the poi

60、nt of view to which one feels the most inclinationC.have opinions which cannot be refutedD.suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches问题2选项A.acceptance of truthB.controversy over principlesC.inordinate enthusiasmD.a dread of heterodox speculation问题3选项A.Most educated people study

61、 both sides of a question.B.The majority of those who argue eloquently truly know only one side of an issue.C.In debatable issues, we should rely on the opinions of the experts for guidance.D.Heterodox speculation will lead to many unnecessary errors of thinking.问题4选项A.enslaved by traditionB.less th

62、an folly rationalC.having a closed mindD.determined on controversy问题5选项A.A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.B.The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by ones own teachers.C.Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflectionD.excessive controversy prevents cle

63、ar thinking.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。由第三段“That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them, who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she wi