2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第58期

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1、2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The discussion quickly became a very（）argument about increasing prices.问题1选项A.explodedB.roaringC.boilingD.heated【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。exploded爆炸；roaring咆哮；boiling沸腾；heated激烈的。句意：关于价格增长的讨论很快发展成为一场非常激烈的争论。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题The police have been interviewing people in the

2、 area in the hope that it will（）further information about the crime.问题1选项A.unloadB.revealC.endowD.yield【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。unload卸下,摆脱负担；reveal揭露；endow赋予；yield屈服。句意：警方一直在采访该地区的人,希望能够揭露更多有关这个犯罪事件的信息。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题My uncle is very（）; he still thinks that a womans place is in the home.问题1选项A.desirableB.cons

3、ervativeC.malleableD.demanding【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。desirable令人满意的；conservative保守的；malleable可塑的；demanding苛求的。句意：我的叔叔非常，他仍然认为女人就应该待在家里。根据下文可以推断，叔叔应该是非常保守的人，所以选项B符合句意。4. 单选题Without the friction between the feet and the ground, people would（）be able to walk.问题1选项A.in no timeB.by all meansC.in no wayD.on any

4、account【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。in no time立刻,很快；by all means一定,务必；in do way决不；on any account无论如何,在任何情况下。句意：没有脚和地面之间的摩擦，人们就不能走路。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of（）reality.问题1选项A.what it is conceived toB.that is conceivedC.what is conceived to beD.that is conceived o

5、f【答案】C【解析】语法题。句意：在本质上,理论是对现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。关系代词在从句中充当主语,可以用what或that,且that不可省略。选项A中主语重复,不正确；be conceived to be为固定搭配,意为被认为是.,所以选项C正确。6. 单选题Jim isnt（）, but he did badly in the final exams last semester.问题1选项A.gloomyB.dullC.awkwardD.tedious【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。gloomy黑暗的,沮丧的,阴郁的；dull迟钝的,笨的,阴暗的；awkward尴尬的,笨拙的,棘手

6、的,不合适的；tedious沉闷的,冗长乏味的。句意：吉姆并不笨，但是上学期期末考试考得很差。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题It is true that as a social organization moves from the simple to the complex, so does the organization through which it educates its children. Growth and change are vital if education is to meet new needs and demands. In a very simple soc

7、ial order, it may suffice to have the parents carry on the education of their children. However, as will be shown later in more detail, such a method may become entirely untenable（难 维持的）, and special individuals are entrusted with the task. These may be hired privately first, but soon the social gro

8、up, the church, village, and the like will be responsible for education. Eventually, special training is required for those who do the teaching, and an agency to control this training is needed. Thus the influence of the local government unit, such as the town, township, and later the state or the p

9、rovince, becomes necessary. It was generally considered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.1.The closest restatement of the first sentence is（）2.The writer would probably argue for（）3.According to the passage, the reason why the local government unit becomes influential is that

10、 （）4.The author promises to explain（）5.We may infer from the context that the phrase “the task” in Line 6 refers to （）问题1选项A.the more complex a social organization becomes, the more complex the educational system becomesB.the complexity of a social organization depends on the complexity of the educa

11、tional systemC.social organizations are truly as complex as they need to be for educational purposesD.our society must be complex if we want our education system to serve our childrens educational requirements问题2选项A.more parental influence in educationB.an educational system which takes social compl

12、exity into accountC.strict state control of educationD.more special training for teachers问题3选项A.teachers become too powerfulB.enrollment increasesC.a need arises to control the education of teachersD.the church or village lacks the ability to oversee education问题4选项A.the necessity of the local govern

13、mental unitB.why it is simpler to use the government to control educationC.the responsibility of the social groupD.why parents should not teach their children问题5选项A.the education of childrenB.the training of teachersC.the control of educationD.the influence of the local government unit【答案】第1题:A第2题:B

14、第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。原文第一句话的意思是：当一个社会组织从简单走向复杂时, 它教育孩子的组织也会从简单走向复杂。也就是说社会组织越复杂, 教育系统就越复杂。选项A更符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据本文的第一句话可知, 作者强调的是社会复杂性对教育的影响, 所以教育系统应该考虑到社会复杂性, 选项B符合原文。选项A表述错误, 选项C和D不是作者主要讨论的话题。3.判断推理题。根据本文的倒数二三句的内容“special training is required. becomes necessary.”那些从事教学的人需要特殊的培训, 需要一个机构来控制这种培训。因此

15、, 地方政府单位的影响是必要的。也就是说地方政府单位具有影响力的原因是需要对教师的教育进行控制。选项C符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据原文的最后一句“It was generally considered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.”可以推断作者接下来应该会解释：为什么借用当地（政府）的力量会更简单。选项B正确。5.判断推理题。根据原文的内容, （仅仅由父母来教育孩子）这一方法可能会难以维持下去, 专业人员将会处理这一任务。由此推断, 这个任务即上文提到的对孩子的教育, 选项A正确。8. 单选题My neig

16、hbors on either side of me have painted their houses,（）of course makes my house look shabbier than it really is.问题1选项A.thatB.asC.whoD.which【答案】D【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。which指代前面的整个句子,对主句起附加说明的作用。句意：我两边的邻居都粉刷了他们的房子,这使我的房子看起来比实际更破旧。9. 单选题The phrase “melting pot” has become associated with the American society,

17、 implying that many racial and ethnic groups have been integrated into one culture. Scholars disagree as to what extent this assimilation or integration has actually taken place. Many of them see the American society as a “salad bowl”, where various groups have remained distinct and separate from ea

18、ch other, even though they work and live in the same society.There is no doubt that assimilation has taken place, especially among the whites from different nationalities and religious backgrounds; the disagreement is only about to what extent this assimilation has actually taken place. The scholars

19、 argue that “melting plot” is an inaccurate description of the American society. Let alone other more distinct races and ethnic groups, they point to the American Jews as the group of whites who have retained their separateness.Many scholars feel that the unwillingness by the Jewish Americans to ass

20、imilate with the American society comes mainly from centuries of persecution in European countries, some of which survived and came along with European Christians to America. Weaker forms of discrimination and anti-Jewish feelings still exist among European descendents, making it more difficult for

21、the Jews to assimilate into the mainstream American culture. Their own cultural and religious pride also plays important roles in maintaining their separateness.What is interesting, however, is that Jewish groups, along with their separateness, have a strong sense of belonging to the larger American

22、 culture in which they have achieved success in nearly every field. In fact, among the groups that have retained their national or ethnic identities, the Jewish groups are the most successful, according to a nation-wide survey. Many Jews attribute this success to their separateness, which has preven

23、ted them from losing values that contribute to their success.1.What sentence would best summarize this passage?2.The European descendents who most likely discriminate against the American Jews are （）3.Many scholars prefer to describe American society as a “salad bowl” because it （）4.The author claim

24、s that Jewish groups retain most of their cultural identity and（）5.According to the passage, one of the reasons why the Jews have remained mostly separate is（）问题1选项A.American society is either a “melting pot” or a “salad bowl”, depending on who is talking about it.B.Jewish groups have a strong sense

25、 of identity and refuse to assimilate with other Americans.C.Scholars disagree about the extent to which assimilation of different races and ethnic groups has taken place in American society.D.There is still some discrimination and persecution of Jews in America.问题2选项A.ChristiansB.scholarsC.capitali

26、stsD.Catholics问题3选项A.shows cultural and religious differences of various cultural groupsB.shows the togetherness and separateness of different ethnic, national, and racial groupsC.is more colorful and imaginativeD.is more progressive问题4选项A.their separateness prevents them from achieving successB.oth

27、er groups dislike them for their separateness from the mainstream American cultureC.also think of themselves as belonging to the American cultureD.refuse to cooperate with other cultural groups问题5选项A.seeing no advantage in assimilatingB.lack of opportunity to assimilateC.the fear of losing their ide

28、ntityD.their pride in their own culture【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲学者们在美国社会中不同种族和民族的融合问题上存在分歧。所以选项C最能概括全文。2.判断推理题。根据第三段的第一句“Many scholars feel that . with European Christians to America.”许多学者认为，美国犹太人不愿意融入美国社会，主要是由于几个世纪以来欧洲国家的迫害，其中一些国家幸存下来，与欧洲的基督徒一起来到了美国。由此可以推断，欧洲后代中最有可能歧视

29、美国犹太人的是基督教徒，所以选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“salad bowl”定位到第一段的最后一句“various groups have remained distinct and separate from each other, even though they work and live in the same society.”不同的群体虽然在同一社会中工作和生活，但仍然彼此独立。选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第一句“Jewish groups, along with their separateness, have a strong sense of

30、belonging to the larger American culture.”可知选项C 符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后一句“Their own cultural and religious pride also plays important roles in maintaining their separateness.”选项D 符合原文。10. 单选题To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extreme

31、ly difficult to let go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possible - and it can surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,” says Frederic, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good. “So it can help save on the

32、wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something tha

33、t gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Frederic says.Dont wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Frederic says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way. So if you wait for people to

34、 apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused y

35、ou pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” Frederic says.Try to see things from the other persons perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, even love. To

36、gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Dont forget to forgive yourself. “For some people, forgiving

37、themselves is the biggest challenge,” Frederic says. “But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it.”1.Forgiveness is（）2.What does “wear and tear” mean?3.Which is Not the technique of healing?4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?5.What is the main idea of the pass

38、age?问题1选项A.easy to doB.nobleC.only beneficial to physical healthD.impossible to get your grudge go问题2选项A.Damage resulting from ordinary use.B.Energy.C.Friction.D.Moisture.问题3选项A.Inhale deeply.B.Mentally replay your hurt often.C.Distract your attention.D.Think in another point of view.问题4选项A.The pers

39、on who hurt you is sure to make an apology to you later on.B.You may condone others wrong doings.C.Forgiveness doesnt equal obeyance.D.You should negotiate with the person who upset you.问题5选项A.Ways to get well from your hurt.B.To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy.C.Forgiveness

40、benefits to your physical and mental health.D.An introduction to the book Forgive for Good.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第一句可知选项A错误；而divine与noble同义, 所以选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“forgiveness can surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health”可知选项C错误；根据第一段的第二句“it can be extremely di

41、fficult to let go of your grudge.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。2.语义题。damage resulting from ordinary use日常中的损伤；friction摩擦力；moisture水分, 湿度。根据原文可知, 这里指可以帮助我们减少器官的磨损。选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第六段的第二句“Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.”在心里重演你的伤痛, 只会给予伤害你的人力量。所以选项B并不是治疗的好方法。4.判断推理题。根据第

42、五段的最后一句“forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.”宽恕并不一定意味着与让你心烦的人和解, 也不意味着宽恕他或她的行为。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大意题。forgiveness为本文的关键词, 再结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是讲如何宽恕以及宽恕的益处。选项C更符合原文。其他选项都太片面。11. 单选题I apologize if I（）you, but I assure you it was uni

43、ntentional.问题1选项A.offendC. had offendedB.C. had offendedB.C.had offendedB.should have offendedD.might have offended【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句的是对过去的事情的虚拟，所以从句中时态应为过去完成时。选项C正确。12. 单选题That terrible noise is（）me mad.问题1选项A.drivingB.settingC.puttingD.turning【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配题。drive sb.使某人.。句意：那可怕的噪音快把我逼疯了。13. 单

44、选题Why does a company want to（1）its money with other people? There are several reasons. First, the company may（2）very well. It may need money to（3）. By selling shares of（4）, the company can get the money it needs. Sometimes, it is（5）for the company to go public for tax reasons. Because of the tax（6）,

45、 the company may save money on taxes by selling shares on the stock exchange. Sometimes, a company may owe a lot of money（7）However, the reasons why companies sell their stocks on the stock exchange are often（8）. In general, all companies（9）sell shares of stock on the stock exchange need to（10）money

46、 for one reason or another. Investors（11）buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money（12）. Suppose that a person invests in a company, and the company makes money. The company shares this money with the（13）. This money that is shared is called a（14）. Divi

47、dends are usually sent to investors once every three months while they（15）the stock. A second way that investors may（16）is to sell the stock at a higher price than they（17）of each share of stock goes up if the company does well. It may also（19）for many other reasons. But when it does go up, a person

48、 may sell it and make a（20）.问题1选项A.distractB.permeateC.shareD.recede问题2选项A.have doneB.be doingC.doD.have been doing问题3选项A.perplexB.dominateC.integrateD.expand问题4选项A.utilitiesB.contributionsC.earningsD.laws问题5选项A.toB.forC.onD.from问题6选项A.complexB.essentialC.comprehensiveD.understandable问题7选项A.whatB.th

49、atC.whichD.while问题8选项A.locateB.admitC.proclaimD.raise问题9选项A.stakeB.stockC.stalkD.stack问题10选项A.potentialB.advantageousC.sensitiveD.actual问题11选项A.whoB.whichC.untilD.if问题12选项A.by mistakeB.to dateC.on earthD.right away问题13选项A.observerB.directorC.investorD.instructor问题14选项A.tuitionB.postageC.tipD.dividen

50、d问题15选项A.offerB.ownC.convinceD.equip问题16选项A.sell moneyB.share moneyC.take moneyD.make money问题17选项A.confrontedB.extractedC.spilledD.paid问题18选项A.priceB.investmentC.costD.value问题19选项A.tighten upB.stock upC.go upD.stir up问题20选项A.profitB.benefitC.awardD.input【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:A第9

51、题:B第10题:D第11题:A第12题:D第13题:C第14题:D第15题:B第16题:D第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:A【解析】（1）distract转移,分心,一般与介词from搭配；permeate渗透；share分享,常与介词with搭配；recede退去,减弱。根据原文：为什么一个公司想要和其他人分享它的资金呢?选项C更符合原文。（2）may是情态动词,后面接be动词或动词原形。根据后面的well可知,本题还考查doing well的搭配。选项B正确。（3）perplex使困惑；dominate控制,支配,占优势； integrate 一体化；expand扩张。句意：

52、它可能需要资金来扩张。选项D符合。（4）shares of stock股票,股份。为固定搭配。（5）这里为形式主语的结构。句意：有时,由于税收原因,上市对公司是有利的。（6）句意：根据税法的规定,公司可以通过在证券交易所出售股票来节省税款。Tax laws指税收的法律。（7）考查固定搭配。owe to为固定搭配,指“欠.”，这里指公司可能欠银行很多钱。（8）根据下文“for one reason or another”这样或者那样的原因,说明公司在证券交易所出售股票的原因往往很复杂。选项A符合原文。（9）句子结构完整,说明不缺成分,that在这里引导的是同位语从句,不充当任何成分,解释说明co

53、mpany。（10）根据上文“By selling shares of stock, it may be able to pay the banks.”通过出售股票,它也许能够支付欠银行的钱。所以这里应该是筹集资金。选项D正确。（11）先行词是investors,表人用who来引导从句。（12）by mistake错误的； to date迄今为止；on earth究竟,到底； right away立刻,马上。根据原文：购买公司股票的投资者可以通过两种方式赚钱。他们可能会马上开始赚钱。选项D符合原文。（13）根据上文,假设一个人投资了一家公司,这家公司赚了钱,公司应该会与这位投资者分享这笔钱,选

54、项C正确。（14）tuition学费； postage邮费；tip小费；dividend红利,股息。显然选项D更符合原文。句意：这些被分享的钱叫做红利。（15）own拥有,持有,这里根据投资者指持有的股票进行分红。（16）根据上文“Investors who buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways.”购买公司股票的投资者可以通过两种方式赚钱,前面介绍了一种赚钱方式,这里应该是第二种赚钱的方式。选项D符合原文。（17）根据原文：投资者可能赚钱的第二种方式是以高于买入时的价格卖出股票。选项D符合原文。（18）根据原文：

55、如果公司业绩好,每股股票的价格就会上涨。选项A符合原文。（19）根据上下文均出现了go up可知,此处也应为go up,选项C符合原文,指价格上涨。（20）make a profit为固定搭配,指获利,盈利。句意：当价格上涨时,人们可能会卖掉它并从中获利。14. 单选题People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assume that the past is entirely different from the present, and that hence we c

56、an learn nothing worthwhile from the past. But it is not true that the past is entirely different from the present. We can learn much of value from its similarity and its difference.A tremendous change in the conditions of human life and in our knowledge and control of the natural world has taken pl

57、ace since ancient times. The ancients could not, however, see in advance our contemporary technical and social environment, and hence have no advice to offer us about the particular problems facing us. But, although social and economic arrangements vary with time and place, man still remains man. We

58、 and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.The poets bear witness that ancient man, too, saw the sun rise and set, felt the wind on his cheek, was possessed by love and desire, experienced joy and excitement as well as frustration and disapp

59、ointment, and knew good and evil. The ancient poets speak across the centuries to us, sometimes more directly and vividly than our contemporary writers. And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic problems of men living together in society, still have something to say to us.

60、We also learn from the past by considering the respects in which it differs from the present. We can discover where we are today and what we have become by knowing what the people of the past did and thought. And part of the pastour personal past and that of the racealways lives in us.1.According to

61、 the writer, our past can teach us quite a lot because （）2.In the second paragraph, the writer places great emphasis on the fact that （）3.Judging from the context, the reason for the writer to talk about the poets is that （）4.In the first line of the last paragraph, the sentence “We can discover where we are today.” means （）5.Which