2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第59期

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1、2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题During his two-month stay in China, Tom never（ ）a chance to practice his Chinese.问题1选项A.passed onB.passed upC.passed byD.passed out【答案】B【解析】考查词组词义辨析。passed on“传递；去世”；passed up“拒绝；向上递”；passed by“经过”；passed out“晕倒；分发”，根据句意可知此处表达的是他抓住了任何一个可以练习中文的机会，此处只有选择passed

2、up，取其“拒绝”的意思才能使整个句子表达通畅。句意：在他在中国待的两个月时间里，他从未任何一个练习中文的机会。故正确答案为选项B。2. 单选题He was（ ）when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.问题1选项A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent【答案】C【解析】考查同形词辨析。incredible“难以置信的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；incredulous “怀疑的，不轻信的”；indifferent“冷漠的”，根据I fina

3、lly convinced him“我最终说服了他”可知此处表达的意思是他刚开始听到消息的时候是不相信的，所以此处应该使用形容词incredulous，incredible是形容事物难以使人相信，而不是形容人。句意：当他听到那个意外的消息时是，但是我最终还是说服了他。故正确答案为选项C。3. 不定项选择题There is nothing that man fears more than the touch of the unknown. He wants to see what is reaching towards him, and to be able to recognize or at

4、 least classify it. Man always tends to avoid physical contact with anything strange. Even in sleep, when he is far more unguarded, he can all too easily be disturbed by a touch.All the distances which men create round themselves are dictated by this fear. They shut themselves in houses which no one

5、 may enter, not only the fear of being robbed, but also the fear of a sudden and unexpected clutch out of the darkness. The fear of being touched remains with us when we go about among people; the way we move in a busy street, in restaurants, trains or buses, is governed by it. Even when we are stan

6、ding next to them and are able to watch and examine them closely, we avoid actual contact if we can. If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone; and then it is we who make the approach.It is only in a crowd that man can become free of this fear of being touched. That is the on

7、ly situation in which the fear changes into its opposite. The crowd he needs is the dense crowd, in which body is pressed to body; a crowd, too, whose physical constitution is also dense, or compact, so that he no longer notices who it is that presses against him. As soon as a man has surrendered hi

8、mself to the crowd he ceases to fear its touch.Ideally all are equal there; no distinctions count, not even that of sex. The man pressed against him is the same as himself. He feels him as he feels himself. Suddenly it is as though everything were happening in one and the same body. This is perhaps

9、one of the reasons why a crowd seeks to close in on itself: it wants to rid each individual as completely as possible of the fear of being touched. The more fiercely people press together, the more certain they feel that they do not fear each other. This reversal of the fear of being touched belongs

10、 to the nature of crowds. The feeling of relief is most striking where the density of the crowd is greatest.1. People fear burglars because（ ）.2. In public, according to the author, we（ ）.3. Which is the possible meaning of the phrase “make the approach” in Paragraph 3?4. The way we feel when in a c

11、rowd is presented as a(n) （ ）.5. Once formed, crowds always tend to（ ）.问题1选项A.they arrive suddenly and unexpectedlyB.they grab you in the darkC.they take away your most treasured personal possessionsD.they attack people in the assumed safety of their home问题2选项A.always avoid contact with peopleB.do n

12、ot object to someone attractive touching usC.feel very uneasyD.try not to be touched问题3选项A.run awayB.make ones wayC.lay out the roadD.try to get nearer问题4选项A.absurdityB.logical conclusionC.oppositeD.paradox问题5选项A.become uncomfortableB.contractC.expandD.split up【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:判断

13、推理题。文中第一句话There is nothing that man fears more than the touch of the unknown.“没有什么比接触未知更让人害怕的了。”以及第二段第二句They shut themselves in houses which no one may enter, not only the fear of being robbed, but also the fear of a sudden and unexpected clutch out of the darkness.“他们把自己关在一所不让人进去的房子里，不仅怕被抢劫，而且也怕突然地

14、、意外地从黑暗中钻出来。”有提到，人们害怕未知事物是因为怕黑暗中的突然意外。A选项“他们来得突然，出乎意料”这是窃贼的特点，但不是人们害怕的理由；B选项“他们在黑暗中抓住你”，跟原文表达的意思是一样的；C选项“它们会带走你最珍贵的个人财产”文中有提及，但表示深层原因；D选项“他们在人们认为安全的家里攻击他们”跟“黑暗中被抓住”意思有出入。因此B选项符合题意。第2题:判断推理题。文章第二段提到we avoid actual contact if we can. If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone“我们

15、尽量避免实际接触。如果我们不回避它，那是因为我们被某人吸引了”，由此可知，在公共场合，作者认为我们不反对有吸引力的人对我们的碰触，所以B选项符合题意。A选项“总是避免与人接触”跟原文表述“尽量避免与人接触”还是有区别的，前者有些绝对化，人多的时候我们不可能避免接触，只是说尽量；C选项“感到十分不安”，文中没有提到关于心情方面；D选项“尽量不要被碰”也是比较绝对的说法。因此B选项正确。第3题:语义推测题。由题意定位到文章第二段If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone; and then it is we w

16、ho make the approach.“如果我们不回避它，那是因为我们被某人吸引了；然后是我们来采取行动。”由此可知，make the approach意为“采取措施，采取行动”。A选项“逃跑”意思不对；B选项“让路，行走”也不符合题意；C选项“铺设道路”可排除；D选项“试着靠近”与approach（靠近）意思一致，比较符合题意。因此D选项正确。第4题:判断推理题。由题干定位到文章第三段It is only in a crowd that man can become free of this fear of being touched. That is the only situatio

17、n in which the fear changes into its opposite.“只有在人群中，人们才能摆脱被触碰的恐惧。只有在这种情况下，恐惧才会变成与之相反的。”后面还给出了相应的合理解释。由此可知，我们在人群中一般的感受是合理的。B选项“合乎逻辑的结论”符合题意；A选项“荒谬，谬论”与题意相反；C选项“相反的”并不是原文要表达的意思；D选项“悖论”不合题意可排除。因此B选项正确。第5题:判断推理题。结合文章最后一段This is perhaps one of the reasons why a crowd seeks to close in on itself: it wan

18、ts to rid each individual as completely as possible of the fear of being touched.“这也许是群体慢慢向他自己靠拢的原因之一：它希望尽可能彻底地消除每个个体对被触碰的恐惧。”意思是人群多了，每个人所占据的空间就相应地缩小了，也就向自己越靠越紧了。B选项contract“收缩”符合题意。A选项“变得不舒服”，由最后一句话可知该选项意思不对；C选项“扩张”与题意正好相反；D选项“分开”文中未提及可排除。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题He still suffers from a rare topical disease w

19、hich he（ ）, while working to Africa.问题1选项A.infectedB.incurredC.contractedD.infested【答案】C【解析】本题是动词辨析题。infected“感染”；incurred“招致；蒙受”，contracted“合同；感染；收缩”；infested“大批滋生”，根据句意可知这里是指“感染了某种病”，所以此处的动词要从infected和contracted之间来选择，infect这个动作的发出者是疾病，强调疾病的感染性；而contract强调的是人感染疾病，动作的发出者是人，此处强调的是人感染疾病，故正确答案为选项C。5. 单

20、选题The rebel army（ ）the democratic government of the country lawlessly.问题1选项A.overthrewB.overtookC.overturnedD.overruled【答案】A【解析】同形词辨析题。overthrew“打倒；推翻”；overtook“追上；赶上”；overturned“推翻；倾覆”；overruled“驳回；否决”，根据rebel army“叛军”和lawlessly“非法地”可知此处应该是指叛军推翻了民主政府，所以答案从选项A和选项C之间选；overturn主要是指某种具体事物在位置上的颠倒，或者是指推翻

21、某种已有的理论或者制度；overthrow主要是指用武力推翻某种制度或者机构，所以此处用overthrow比较恰当，故正确答案为选项A。6. 单选题We had a marvelous holiday; only the last two days was slightly（ ）by weather.问题1选项A.damagedB.enhancedC.spoiledD.diminished【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。damaged“破坏”；enhanced“提高；加强”；spoiled“溺爱；糟蹋；破坏”；diminished“减少；缩小”，根据句子前后的转折可知此处想表达的是最后两天受到

22、了天气的不好影响，被破坏了，所以此处应该从damaged与spoiled 两个中间选择，damage主要是指事物的价值或功能部分受损，spoil除了有溺爱、宠坏、破坏的意思外，还指事物完整性、完美性或者整体感受的破坏，此处表达的是最后两天由于坏的天气的影响，使其完美性遭到破坏，所以应该用spoil。句意：我们度过了一个十分愉快的假期，只有最后两天稍微被天气了。故正确答案为选项C。7. 不定项选择题The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included

23、in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive.Membership in them was commonly restricted

24、to a few privileged families. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild system. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen industry. The

25、 rapid development of these enterprises was stimulated by technical advances, such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was adopted s

26、imilar to that which has prevailed ever since.But the most typical form of industrial production in the Commercial Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The domestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of industrial a

27、rtisans instead of in the shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw material wa

28、s purchased by an entrepreneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted task for a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers, fillers, and dyer in succession. When the cloth

29、was finally finished, it would be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring.1. According to the article, what changes did the Commercial Revolution bring about?2. The word “defunct” in the first paragraph most probably means（ ）.3. According to the article

30、, in which area was it more energy-effective?4. The author implies that（ ）.5. According to the article, which one of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Methods of production.B.Appearance of craft guilds.C.Increased trade volume.D.Growth of trade, banking and methods of production.问题2选项A.pop

31、ularB.obsoleteC.potentialD.extensive问题3选项A.Smelting industryB.Mining industryC.BankingD.Weaving问题4选项A.the guild system was more efficientB.the domestic system was capitalisticC.the technical advance stimulated the guild systemD.the domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system问题5选项A.Techn

32、ical advances stimulated the development of enterprises.B.In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners.C.The domestic system is also known as the putting out system.D.The word “clothier” is synonymous to “entrepreneur” in this context.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:

33、细节事实题。根据文章内容，商业革命带来了哪些变化？选项A “生产方式”；选项B“手工业工会的出现”；选项C“贸易量的增加”；选项D“贸易，银行和生产方式的进步”，根据第一段第一句的内容“The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. 当然，商业革命没有限制贸易和银行业的发展。它还带来了生产方式的根本性变化”，所以商业革命的

34、影响包括两方面的内容，选项A和选项B表达的都正确，但是只是一部分的影响，不全面，所以可以排除；选项C错误；故正确答案为选项D。第2题:词义辨析题。第一段中“defunct”这个单词大概的意思是，popular “流行的”；obsolete“废弃的，已经过时的”；potential“潜在的；有潜力的”；extensive“广泛的”，我们可以根据下文来猜测这个单词的含义，根据第一段最后一句话“The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive. 工会本身被精通技术的人主导，变得自私和

35、排他”，这句话是对“defunct”所在句“The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct”中世纪晚期，由手工工会发展而来的制造业迅速地变得“defunct”的进一步解释说明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思应该是obsolete，故正确答案为选项B。第3题:推理判断题。根据文章内容，哪个地方的能源利用最高效？选项A“冶炼行业”；选项B“煤矿业”；选项C“银行业”；选项D“纺织业”；根据文章第

36、二段中“such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used.如转轮的发明和葡萄酒生产铜的方法，它们只需要以前大约一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技术的改进，在冶炼行业能源的使用变得十分的高效,故正确答案为选项A。第4题:细节事实题。作者暗示什么，选项A“工会制度更加高效”；选项B“家庭手工制是资本主义”；选项C“技术进步刺激了工会制度”；选项D“家庭手工制不如工

37、会制度那么有效率”，根据文章第三段中“Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic尽管生产规模小，组织基本上是资本主义”，可知家庭手工制是资本主义，故正确答案为选项B。第5题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，以下哪个陈述是不对的？选项A“技术进步刺激了企业的发展”；选项B“在羊毛工业中，织布工可以把产品传递给纺纱工”；选项C“家 庭手工业也称为散工制”；选项D在这篇文章中，“呢绒商”是“企业家”的代名词，根据文章第三段中“In the case of the woo

38、len industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers 羊毛产业的纱线会首先给纺纱工，然后传递给织布工”，可知并非织布工把产品传递给纺纱工，故正确答案为选项B。8. 单选题The boy seemed more（ ）to their poverty, after seeing how his grandparents lived.问题1选项A.reconciledB.consolidatedC.deterioratedD.attributed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词

39、词义辨析。reconciled“妥协的；将就的”；consolidated“巩固的；统一的”；deteriorated“恶化的；变坏的”；attributed“归于”，根据后半句“在得知他的祖母当时的生活后”，可知男孩在得知祖母当时更贫穷艰辛的生活后，会对自己的贫穷妥协，reconciled to表示“接受；甘心”。句意：在得知他的祖母当时的生活后，这个男孩似乎了自己家的贫穷。故正确答案为选项A。9. 写作题Directions: Write an essay in no less than 250 words.1.盗版现象日益严重2.盗版造成的后果3.我对抵制盗版问题的看法【答案】【参考范文

40、】The Problem of Piracy10. 单选题This can（ ）something that the students may not have comprehended in English.问题1选项A.signifyB.specifyC.clarifyD.testify【答案】B【解析】本题考查动词辨析题。signify“表示；预示”；specify“指明；详细说明”；clarify“阐明”；testify“证明”，根据“学生们可能没有理解的”可知此处应该选用动词specify，表示“详细的解释，说明”，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：这个能详细地解释一些学生们可能没有理解的

41、英语问题。11. 单选题Three weeks after the suicide bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were（ ）.问题1选项A.on the verge ofB.on the slyC.on the spotD.on the loss【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。on the verge of“濒临于；接近于”；on the sly“偷偷地”；on the spot“在场；立刻；处于困境”；on the loss一般与of连用表示“丧失”，此处填的介词短语应

42、该与爆炸案件有关，所以此处只能选择on the spot表示“在场”（这里指的是在案发现场）。句意：自杀爆炸事件过去三周之后，警察仍然在搜捕爆炸者，因为他们相信的人可能更多。故正确答案为选项C。12. 单选题Most men hold a stereotyped conception of women that the female are born with frail constitutions as well as a（ ）mind.问题1选项A.compassionateB.fragileC.stubbornD.fatal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compassionat

43、e“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B选项fragile “脆的，易碎的”；C选项stubborn“固执的”；D选项fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人对于女人都有一个刻板的观念，那就是女人天生体格方面弱，思想方面（固执）。句中 mind 与frail constitutions相对应，根据句意，stubborn“固执的”用来修饰题中女人的思想正确。因此C选项符合题意。13. 单选题The emphasis on examinations is by far the（ ）worst form of competition in schools.问题1选项A.negligentB.edible

44、C.fabulousD.disproportionate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible “可食用的”；fabulous “难以置信的；极好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根据句子意思可知此处应该填一个形容词，并且是表示贬义的形容词来形容“强调考试”这种糟糕的竞赛方式，分析四个选项，只有disproportionate最恰当。句意：对考试的强调是目前学校里面最不合理竞赛方式。故正确答案为选项D。14. 单选题To do this job well, you must be（ ）not only in English,

45、 but also in computer programming.问题1选项A.efficientB.effectiveC.proficientD.beneficial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项efficient“有效率的”；B选项“有效的，起作用的”；C选项“熟练的，精通的”；D选项“有益的”。句意：为做好这项工作，你不但要在英语上而且在计算机编程方面都。综合句意和语义，此处填proficient“熟练的，精通的”。因此C选项符合题意。15. 不定项选择题Visiting a National Park can be relaxing, inspiring and rejuv

46、enating, but it can also be disturbing. As you drive into Rocky Mountain National Park, and you will see starving el, damaged meadows and dying forests. Our parks are growing old because we have mistakenly protected them from national Parks, the National Park Service must change its management prior

47、ities to prevent over population of animals and to restore natural process in the forest in order to prevent their stagnation and “death” by old age. We must act soon: our parks are dying of old age because we have altered the forces in nature that keep them young and strong.By tracing the history o

48、f our National Parks, we can understand the problem and see why we need active management. In the early part of the 20th century, settlers exploited wildlife heavily, resulting in near-extinction of many species. Therefore, several National Parks were established by Congress primarily to save endang

49、ered animals. However, stricter wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management technique resulted in greater populations of animals overcrowding in areas of high concentration, such as the Yellowstone elk herds. Complicating the problem, theNational Park Service in the early part of the 2

50、0th century adopted a policy of aggressive predator elimination, thus reducing natural wildlife population control. Subsequently, elk and population exploded in many National Parks, resulting in severe damage to native vegetation. Vigorous forest fire and insect suppression in the National Parks thr

51、oughout the 20th century further altered the natural environment by allowing forests to over-mature, without natural thinning processes. Park managers thought that they were protecting the land, but actually they were removing important controls from the forest ecosystem.Clearly, we must immediately

52、 if we want to pass down to our children and grandchildren the green legacy of our National Parks; we must step in and restore the natural processes which we have altered through our well-intentioned, but misguided, policies in the past.1. According to the article, strict wildlife protection laws an

53、d improved wildlife management techniques（ ）.2. According to the author, there would not be starving elks, damaged meadows or dying forests in National Parks if（ ）.3. According to the article, the population explosion of elk and deer was caused also by（ ）.4. From the article, we can deduce that the

54、author（ ）.5. Which one of the following statements is NOT true according to the article?问题1选项A.caused the near extinction of the endangered animals.B.intervened the natural process.C.made the visit of National Parks relaxing, and inspiring and rejuvenating.D.saved the elks in the Rocky Mountain Park

55、 from starvation.问题2选项A.the government introduced stricter wildlife laws.B.the National Park Service employed more wildlife management technique.C.the natural processes were restored.D.if we continued to improve our natural environment.问题3选项A.the adoption of a policy of aggressive predator eliminati

56、on.B.the increased number of National Parks.C.the deceasing number of visitors to National Parks.D.the heavy exploitation of endangered animals in the 20 century.问题4选项A.is in support of the resent policies.B.appreciates the present management techniques.C.thinks that the forces in nature should be a

57、ltered.D.is strongly in favor of the natural processes.问题5选项A.Park managers interrupted the forest ecosystems throughout the 20th century.B.Flesh-eating animals should not be eliminated.C.Insect suppression may cause the forests to over-mature.D.Severe damage to native vegetation in the forest is ca

58、used by fire.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据文章，严格的野生动物保护法和改善后的野生动物管理技术选项A“造成了濒危动物的濒临灭绝”；选项B“干预了自然过程”；选项C“使参观国家公园变得轻松愉快充满活力”；选项D“拯救了洛基山国家公园中快要饿死的麋鹿”，根据文章第二段中“However, stricter wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management technique resulted in greater populations of animals

59、overcrowding in areas of high concentration, such as the Yellowstone elk herds. 然而，严格化的野生动物保护法和改良的野生动物管理技术导致大量的动物拥挤在动物密度非常大的地区，比如黄石公园的麋鹿”，根据此句可知其所带来的影响是负面的，故可以排除选项C、D；选项A所表达的意思与此句相反，故错误；所以正确答案为选项B。第2题:细节事实题。根据作者的观点，国家公园将不会再有快要饿死的麋鹿、被破坏的草地和奄奄一息的森林选项A“政府采用更加严格的野生动物法”；选项B“国家公园管理局采用更多野生动物管理技术”；选项C“重新恢复自

60、然进程”；选项D“我们继续改善我们的自然环境”。根据文章第一段中“the National Park Service must change its management priorities to prevent over population of animals and to restore natural process in the forest in order to prevent their stagnation and death by old age.”国家公园管理局必须改变他们的管理优先级来阻止动物数量的增加和恢复自然进程，不让公园停滞不前或者随着时间死去，可知“阻止动物

61、数量的增加”和“恢复自然进程”是两个有效的解决办法，故正确答案为选项C。第3题:推理判断题。根据这篇文章，麋鹿和鹿的数量的激增也是由于什么造成的，选项A“采取了消除食肉动物的政策”；选项B“国家公园数量的增加”；选项C“国家公园 游客的减少”；选项D“20世纪对濒危动物的过度开发”，根据第二段中“the National Park Service in the early part of the 20th century adopted a policy of aggressive predator elimination, thus reducing natural wildlife pop

62、ulation control.”国家公园管理局在20世纪早期采取了消除食肉动物的政策，因此失去了对野生动物数量的控制，由此可知采取了消除食肉动物的政策也是麋鹿和鹿的数量激增的一个原因，故正确答案为选项A。第4题:观点态度题。根据这篇文章，我们可以推断出作者选项A“支持现有的政策”；选项B“欣赏现有的管理技术”；选项C“认为应该改变自然的力量”；选项D“强烈支持自然进程”， 作者在这篇文章中表示了对国家公园管理局采取的对国家公园的管理措施的批判，认为其干预了自然的进程，于是破坏了生态的平衡，所以作者是支持自然进程的，故正确答案为选项D。第5题:细节事实题。根据这篇文章，以下哪个陈述是不正确的？选项A“20世纪，公园管理者干扰了森林的生态系统”；选项B“食肉动物不应该被消除”；选项C“防虫会造成 森林的过熟”；选项D“森林中当地蔬菜的严重的损害是由火灾造成的”，选项A、B 符合文章的中心思想，排除；根据文章第二段中“Vigorous forest fire and insect suppression in the National Parks throughout the 20th century further altered the natural environment by allowing forests to over-mature整个