2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第44期

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1、2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题She took up so many hobbies（ ）when she retired that she had hardly any time.问题1选项A.in handB.at handC.on her handsD.at her hand【答案】A【解析】本题考查了同义词组辨析。in hand“在手中；掌握住”；at hand“在手边；即将到来”；on her hands“（双手）趴在地上”；at her hand“在她手上”，此处表达的意思是“掌握多门兴趣爱好”，所以要用词组in hand，故正确

2、答案为选项A。句意为：在她退休在家几乎没有什么时间的时候她居然掌握了多门业余爱好。2. 不定项选择题Just about everyone knows the meaning of “value” though youd never know it from the excesses of the Eighties. Clever campaigns often allowed marketers to charge more for their product and reap ever-higher profits. It waked like a dream until suddenly

3、, facing difficult economic times, consumers wake up. Now, to the extent that theyre buying, many consumers are choosing the car that delivers the most for the monkey not necessarily the one they coveted as a status symbol a few years ago, they are shifting to the toothpaste that works from the ones

4、 with it slickest promotions. Companies that understand this new consumer have come up with something new: “value marketing”.A word of caution is necessary. In marketing, watchwords quickly metamorphous into buzzwords and value is no exception. Were not taping about ads that merely boast of a produc

5、ts value or even such legitimate sates tools as price cuts and discount: Used correctly, value marketing amounts to much more than just stashing prices distributing coupons. It means giving the customer an improved product, with ads, features and enhancing the role of marketing itself. In value mark

6、eting, marketing becomes part of the system for delivering value to the consumer. Instead of merely shaping image, such a program might offer enhance guarantees or longer warranties, ads that educate rather than hype, membership club that build loyalty, frequent-buyer plans, improved communications

7、with customer, through 800 numbers, or package design that makes the product easier to use or more environmentally friendly.These and other value-marketing techniques can be expensive. They can tanker added production and marketing costs added to lower unit prices. Even so, the principle involved in

8、 value marketing value for money, an improved product, enhanced nice, and added features, are just that U.S. business needs to enhance its competitiveness in the global marketplace. Thats why it will be all to the good if the commonsensical virtues of value marketing become part of the permanent str

9、ategy of U.S. business.1. Consumers have waken up because of（ ）.2. Many consumers are choosing the commodities（ ）.3. In the 1980s, people would like to go after the products（ ）.4. Communications with customers may be improved（ ）.5. A value marketing program may not include（ ）.问题1选项A.the poor product

10、s they boughtB.the high price they paid for what they boughtC.the difficult economic timesD.a horrible dream问题2选项A.that are preciousB.that are warrantedC.that can show their statusD.that deliver the most for the money问题3选项A.that were most expensiveB.that were up-to-dateC.that could show their status

11、D.that were in fashion问题4选项A.through annual customers congressB.through the free 800 numbersC.through membership clubsD.through frequent education问题5选项A.daily visits to customersB.longer warrantiesC.membership clubsD.environmentally friendly packages【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。消费者清醒了，

12、因为，选项A“他们买到的差质量的商品”；选项B“他们花高价购买了商品”；选项C“经济困难时期”；选项D“一场噩梦”，根据文章第一段中“Clever campaigns often allowed marketers to charge more for their product and reap ever-higher profits. It waked like a dream until suddenly, facing difficult economic times, consumers wake up.聪明的营销活动往往使营销人员为他们的产品收取更多的费用，并获得更高的利润。它像一

13、场梦一样的突然醒来，由于经历困难的经济时期，消费者清醒了”，由此句可知经历经济困难时期是消费者清醒的导火索，商家提高商品价格，使得消费者花高价购买了商品是消费者清醒过来的根本原因，此处应该选择真正使得消费者不再相信商家任意抬高的商品价格，清醒过来的根本原因，故正确答案为选项B。第2题:细节事实题。许多消费者会选择什么样的商品，选项A“宝贵的”；选项B“有保障的”；选项C“能够展示他们地位的”；选项D“更多的考虑价格”，根据文章第一段 中“Now, to the extent that theyre buying, many consumers are choosing the car that

14、 delivers the most for the monkeynot necessarily the one they coveted as a status symbol a few years ago现在，就他们的购买限度来说，许多消费者选择价格最合适的车，而不必要像几年前一样，选择能够代表社会地位的车”，此处是以车为例说明了现在消费者的购买倾向，所以在购买其他产品的时候他们同样也会考虑价格再做出选择，故正确答案为选项D。第3题:细节事实题。在19世纪80年代，人们会追崇什么商品，选项A“最贵的”；选项B“最新的”；选项C“展示他们社会地位的”；选项D“时髦的”，根据第一段中“many

15、 consumers are choosing the car that delivers the most for the monkeynot necessarily the one they coveted as a status symbol a few years ago 许多消费者会选择价格最合适的车，而不必要像几年前一样，选择能够代表社会地位的车”，可知几年前，也差不多就是80 年代的时候，人们会倾向于选择能够展示他们社会地位的商品，而不是那些最贵的，最新的或者时髦的，故正确答案为选项C。第4题:细节事实题。与消费者的沟通可能会通过什么来提高，选项A“通过每年召开消费者会议”；选项

16、B“通过免费电话”；选项C“通过会员俱乐部”；选项D“通过经常的教育”，根据文章倒数第二段中“improved communications with customer, through 800 numbers 通过免费电话增加与消费者的沟通”，可知提高与消费者的沟通是通过800免费电话，故正确答案为选项B。第5题:细节事实题。价值营销活动不包括，选项A“每天拜访消费者”；选项B“更长时间的保证”；选项C“会员俱乐部”；选项D“环境友好的包装”，根据倒数第二段中对价值营销活动的介绍，我们可以知道提及了以下几个项目：更长时间的保证、注重教育而不是大肆宣传的广告、会员俱乐部、免费电话、采购计划、电

17、话、提高包装设计，可知没有提到的活动是“每天拜访消费者”，故正确答案为选项A。3. 单选题I must（ ）you on your handling of a very difficult situation.问题1选项A.meditateB.complementC.elaborateD.compliment【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词辨析题。meditate“考虑，计划”；complement“补足；补充”；elaborate“详尽阐述”；compliment“称赞”，根据“在非常困难情况下做出的处理”这是一件值得表扬与称赞的事，此处使用compliment符合语义逻辑，故正确答案为选项D

18、。句意为：我不得不为你在非常困难情况下做出的处理而称赞你。4. 单选题The rebel army（ ）the democratic government of the country lawlessly.问题1选项A.overthrewB.overtookC.overturnedD.overruled【答案】A【解析】同形词辨析题。overthrew“打倒；推翻”；overtook“追上；赶上”；overturned“推翻；倾覆”；overruled“驳回；否决”，根据rebel army“叛军”和lawlessly“非法地”可知此处应该是指叛军推翻了民主政府，所以答案从选项A和选项C之间选

19、；overturn主要是指某种具体事物在位置上的颠倒，或者是指推翻某种已有的理论或者制度；overthrow主要是指用武力推翻某种制度或者机构，所以此处用overthrow比较恰当，故正确答案为选项A。5. 单选题AIDS is causing great public concern because the（ ）fatal disease hits primarily young people.问题1选项A.invariablyB.imperativelyC.transientlyD.deceptively【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。invariably“总是；不变地”；impera

20、tively“命令式地”；transiently“仅持续片刻地”；deceptively“欺骗性地”，根据句意可知，四个选项中只能选择 副词invariably，才能使句子符合语义逻辑。句意：艾滋病引起了极大的公共关注，因为这个致命的疾病主要是攻击年轻人。故正确答案为选项A。6. 单选题Working with the mentally handicapped requires considerable（ ）of patience; and understanding.问题1选项A.meansB.stocksC.provisionsD.resources【答案】D【解析】本题考查名词辨析题。m

21、eans“方法；手段”；stocks“股份；库存”；provisions “规定；条款”；resources“资源；物力”，此处resources of patience表示“全部的耐心”的意思，故正确答案为选项D。句意为：与精神上有缺陷的人工作需要拿出所有的耐心和理解。7. 单选题He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5% raise would have to（ ）.问题1选项A.sufficeB.satisfyC.gratifyD.delight【答案】A【解析

22、】考查动词词义辨析。suffice“足够；足以”；satisfy“满意；令人满意”；gratify“使满足”；delight“高兴；使高兴”，在经过和他老板谈话之后他觉得可以接收5%的涨薪，将涨薪25%与涨薪5%相比，5%只可以说是够的，可以接受的。句意：他原想涨薪25%，但是经过与他老板谈话之后，他决定涨5%就。故正确答案为选项A。8. 单选题I thought I saw water in the distance but it must have been an optical（ ）.问题1选项A.perceptionB.delusionC.illusionD.deception【答案】

23、C【解析】本题考查了名词辨析。perception“感知”；delusion“欺骗；错觉”；illusion “错觉；幻象”；deception“欺诈”，此句中有一个转折词but，所以可知前面所说的看到水是一种幻觉，所以可以排除选项A、D；delusion所指的错觉通常是指心理上的误解，所以此处应该用illusion，故正确答案为选项C。句意为：我以为我看到了远处有水，但是这肯定是一种光影幻觉。9. 不定项选择题The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. I

24、ncluded in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive.Membership in them was commonly res

25、tricted to a few privileged families. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild system. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen indus

26、try. The rapid development of these enterprises was stimulated by technical advances, such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was a

27、dopted similar to that which has prevailed ever since.But the most typical form of industrial production in the Commercial Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The domestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of indu

28、strial artisans instead of in the shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw mat

29、erial was purchased by an entrepreneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted task for a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers, fillers, and dyer in succession. When th

30、e cloth was finally finished, it would be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring.1. According to the article, what changes did the Commercial Revolution bring about?2. The word “defunct” in the first paragraph most probably means（ ）.3. According to the

31、 article, in which area was it more energy-effective?4. The author implies that（ ）.5. According to the article, which one of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Methods of production.B.Appearance of craft guilds.C.Increased trade volume.D.Growth of trade, banking and methods of production.问题

32、2选项A.popularB.obsoleteC.potentialD.extensive问题3选项A.Smelting industryB.Mining industryC.BankingD.Weaving问题4选项A.the guild system was more efficientB.the domestic system was capitalisticC.the technical advance stimulated the guild systemD.the domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system问题5选

33、项A.Technical advances stimulated the development of enterprises.B.In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners.C.The domestic system is also known as the putting out system.D.The word “clothier” is synonymous to “entrepreneur” in this context.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B

34、【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，商业革命带来了哪些变化？选项A “生产方式”；选项B“手工业工会的出现”；选项C“贸易量的增加”；选项D“贸易，银行和生产方式的进步”，根据第一段第一句的内容“The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. 当然，商业革命没有限制贸易和银行业的发展。它还带来了生产方式的根本性变化”

35、，所以商业革命的影响包括两方面的内容，选项A和选项B表达的都正确，但是只是一部分的影响，不全面，所以可以排除；选项C错误；故正确答案为选项D。第2题:词义辨析题。第一段中“defunct”这个单词大概的意思是，popular “流行的”；obsolete“废弃的，已经过时的”；potential“潜在的；有潜力的”；extensive“广泛的”，我们可以根据下文来猜测这个单词的含义，根据第一段最后一句话“The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive. 工会本身被精通技术的人

36、主导，变得自私和排他”，这句话是对“defunct”所在句“The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct”中世纪晚期，由手工工会发展而来的制造业迅速地变得“defunct”的进一步解释说明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思应该是obsolete，故正确答案为选项B。第3题:推理判断题。根据文章内容，哪个地方的能源利用最高效？选项A“冶炼行业”；选项B“煤矿业”；选项C“银行业”；选项D“纺织

37、业”；根据文章第二段中“such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used.如转轮的发明和葡萄酒生产铜的方法，它们只需要以前大约一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技术的改进，在冶炼行业能源的使用变得十分的高效,故正确答案为选项A。第4题:细节事实题。作者暗示什么，选项A“工会制度更加高效”；选项B“家庭手工制是资本主义”；选项C“技术进步刺激了工会制度”；选项D“

38、家庭手工制不如工会制度那么有效率”，根据文章第三段中“Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic尽管生产规模小，组织基本上是资本主义”，可知家庭手工制是资本主义，故正确答案为选项B。第5题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，以下哪个陈述是不对的？选项A“技术进步刺激了企业的发展”；选项B“在羊毛工业中，织布工可以把产品传递给纺纱工”；选项C“家 庭手工业也称为散工制”；选项D在这篇文章中，“呢绒商”是“企业家”的代名词，根据文章第三段中“In the case of

39、 the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers 羊毛产业的纱线会首先给纺纱工，然后传递给织布工”，可知并非织布工把产品传递给纺纱工，故正确答案为选项B。10. 单选题He seemed reluctant to send his troops in an effort to discourage the（ ）peasants.问题1选项A.animatedB.rebelliousC.creasedD.impassive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词

40、词义辨析。animated“活生生的；活泼的”；rebellious“反抗的；造反的”；creased“有折痕的”；impassive“冷漠的；无感觉的”，根据troops“军队”一词可知此处的peasant“农民”是需要被镇压的，分析四个选项可知此处填rebellious这个形容词符合句意。句意：他好像不愿意派他的军队去镇压农民。由此得知B选项正确。11. 单选题Whether you live to eat or eat to live, food is a major（ ）in every familys budget.问题1选项A.routineB.nutritionC.provisi

41、onD.expense【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项routine“惯例”；B选项nutrition“营养”；C选项provision“规定，条款”；D选项expense“开销，费用，损失，代价”。句意：无论你是为了吃而活，还是为了活而吃，食物都是每个家庭的预算当中一项主要的开销。根据后半句提到的familys budget家庭预算，可知该处选择D选项expense“开销”符合句意。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题Having decided to rent a flat we（ ）contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city

42、.问题1选项A.set outB.set toC.set aboutD.set off【答案】C【解析】本题考查了同义词组的辨析。set out“动身；着手做某事”；set to“开始做某事”；set about“开始做某事”；set off“出发；动身”，set to后面应该接动词原形，此句中的动词是用的现在分词形式，所以可以排除选项B；选项D是“出发，动身去某地”的意思， 不符合此处的语境；set out一般与不定式to do连用，所以可以排除选项A，故正确答案为选项C。13. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that（

43、）we had to stop for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at randomD.at intervals【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。at large“详尽的；整个的”；at ease“安逸”；at random“任意的”；at intervals“不时”，根据句子意思可知此处应该选一个词组来形容我们停下来提神的频率，四个选项中只有at intervals符合，故正确答案为选项D。句意：这场讨论无比冗长又使人疲累，以至于我们必须的停下来提神。因此选项D符合题意。14. 单选题Several months previously, th

44、e workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and（ ）of stricter safety regulations.问题1选项A.implementB.endowmentC.enforcementD.engagement【答案】C【解析】本题考查了同形词辨析。implement“实施；工具”；endowment“捐赠；天赋”；enforcement“实施；执行”；engagement“约定”，此处应该选择一个名词，根据regulation “规范；管理”，可知此处应该填一个表示“实施”的名词，所以可以

45、排除选项B、D；implement做动词是“实施”的意思，但是做名词是“工具”的意思，所以此处应该用enforcement，故正确答案为选项C。15. 单选题NASA is casting a wider net in the space shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraft to swing out of control and（ ）moments before it was to land.问题1选项A.disassembleB.disembarkC.disintegrateD.disinherit【答案】C【解析】考

46、查同形词词义辨析。disassemble“拆开；解开”；disembark“登录；上岸”；disintegrate“瓦解；破裂”；disinherit“剥夺的继承权”，飞船失去控制的摇摆，然后在快要着陆的瞬间应该会发生比较严重的事件，分析四个选项的意思可知此处只有disintegrate符合句子意思。句意：美国宇航局全方位的展开了对航天飞机的调查，关于是什么导致了飞船失去控制的摇摆，并在最后要着陆的时候了。故正确答案为选项C。16. 单选题To do this job well, you must be（ ）not only in English, but also in computer p

47、rogramming.问题1选项A.efficientB.effectiveC.proficientD.beneficial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项efficient“有效率的”；B选项“有效的，起作用的”；C选项“熟练的，精通的”；D选项“有益的”。句意：为做好这项工作，你不但要在英语上而且在计算机编程方面都。综合句意和语义，此处填proficient“熟练的，精通的”。因此C选项符合题意。17. 不定项选择题Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that

48、young adults experience. And they also need to give serious（31）to how they can be best（32）such changes.Growing bodies need movement and（33）, but not just in ways that emphasize competition.（34）they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teena

49、gers are especially self conscious and need the（35）that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are （36）by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be （37）to plan activities in which there are more winners tha

50、n losers, （38）publishing newsletters with many student written book reviews,（39）student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide（40）opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful（41）dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to tee

51、nagers, and many shy students need the（42）of some kind of organization with a supportive adult（43）visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have（44）attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized（45）participants can remain active as

52、 long as they want and then go on to（46）else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants（47）. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.（48）they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by（49）for roles that are within their（50）and their attention spans

53、and by having clearly stated rules.问题1选项A.thoughtB.ideaC.opinionD.advice问题2选项A.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.enhance问题3选项A.careB.nutritionC.exerciseD.leisure问题4选项A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhereasD.Because问题5选项A.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.tolerance问题6选项A.claimedB.admiredC.ignoredD.surpassed问题7选项A.

54、improperB.riskyC.fairD.wise问题8选项A.in effectB.as a resultC.for exampleD.in a sense问题9选项A.displayingB.describingC.creatingD.exchanging问题10选项A.durableB.excessiveC.surplusD.multiple问题11选项A.groupB.individualC.personnelD.corporation问题12选项A.consentB.insuranceC.admissionD.security问题13选项A.particularlyB.barel

55、yC.definitelyD.rarely问题14选项A.similarB.longC.differentD.short问题15选项A.if onlyB.now thatC.so thatD.even if问题16选项A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.something问题17选项A.offB.downC.outD.alone问题18选项A.On the contraryB.On the averageC.On the wholeD.On the other hand问题19选项A.makingB.standingC.planningD.taking问题20选项

56、A.capabilitiesB.responsibilitiesC.proficiencyD.efficiency【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:D第8题:C第9题:A第10题:D第11题:A第12题:D第13题:B第14题:D第15题:C第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:C第20题:A【解析】第1题:固定搭配题。idea“主意”；opinion“观点”；advice“劝告”都是和介词on sth.搭配，表示关于某事，特别advice to后边一般是接“人”；所以只有thought与to sth.搭配，表示“考虑某事”。第2题:动词辨析题

57、。本题所考查的动词的宾语是such changes，本文的基本主线是探讨青少年应对变化的问题，从下文中的短语are adjusting to “调节，使适应”就可以断定本题也是选择一个表示适应概念的选项，所以accommodate “适应”是正确答案。strengthen “加强，巩固”；stimulate“刺激，激励”和enhance “提高”都不符合。第3题:名词辨析题。根据语境可知此处应该选择一个名词与movement“运动”对应，与competition“竞争”意义相反，根据后文adjusting to their new bodies“适应他们新的身体”，可知此处着重强调身体锻炼，c

58、are“关心”；nutrition“营养”；exercise“运动”；leisure“休闲”，故正确答案为exercise。第4题:逻辑关系题。通过分析上下句的逻辑关系可以发现，这是个表示因果关系的主从复合句，所以用Because引导因果状语从句；If引导条件句；Although引导让步状语从句；Whereas引导转折句。第5题:同形词辨析题。根据前一句中的self-conscious“自我意识”，以及本题后边的定语从句 that comes from achieving success“成功”and knowing that their accomplishments“成 就”，通过这几个重

59、点词汇，我们不难判断出答案是confidence“信心”；而assistance“帮助；协助”；guidance“指导；领导”和tolerance“容忍；宽容”和这些已知信息所表达的概念不搭配。第6题:动词辨析题。主语their accomplishments“成就”应当是被admired“赞美，羡慕”；而其他选项claimed“要求；声明”；ignored“忽略；忽视”和surpassed“超越；胜过”与主语构不成搭配。第7题:形容词辨析题。improper“不恰当的”；risky“冒险的”；fair“公平的”；wise“明智的”，根据前面所提到的青少年需要自信，所以此处“设计胜者多，败者少

60、的活动”不可置否的是“明智的”行为，所以正确答案为wise。第8题:词组辨析题。根据文章内容，前面所说到要设计胜者多败者少的活动，后文中就列举了很多不同的活动，可知此处应该选择for example“比如；例如”表示举例，in effect“正在实行；实际上”；as a result“结果”和in a sense“在某一方面；就某种意义上来说”意义都不符合本题题意。第9题:动词辨析题。根据此句的句子结构可知此处应该选择一个与publishing“出版”；sponsoring“赞助”所表示的动作相一致的词，displaying“展示；展览”；describing“描述；描写”；creating“

61、创造；创作”和exchanging“交换”四个词中只有displaying 最恰当，与artwork搭配，表示“展示艺术品”。第10题:形容词辨析题。根据本题的题意和搭配，multiple“多种多样的”的意思最合适；即provide multiple opportunities for leadership“为锻炼领导才能提供很多机会”。而 durable“持久的；耐久的”和surplus“过剩的，剩余的”与题意无关；excessive“过多的；过分的”含有负面意义，不能使用。第11题:名词辨析题。本题所在句子的主语A variety of small clubs“各种各样的小型俱乐部活动”；下一句的Making friends is extremely important to teenagers“交朋友对青少年来 说是极其