2022年考博英语-同济大学考前模拟强化练习题84（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-同济大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题After the disaster of flood，people all over the village made _ effort to rebuild their home.问题1选项A.superfluousB.tenuousC.strenuousD.fatuous【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。superfluous “多余的，不必要的”；tenuous “无关紧要的”；strenuous “费力的，紧张的”；fatuous “愚笨的，昏庸的”。句意：洪灾过后，全村的人们都努力重建家园。选项C符合题意。2.

2、 单选题He didnt mention your name but I was sure he was _ to you.问题1选项A.intimatingB.inferringC.alludingD.suggesting【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。intimating“示意，暗示”；inferring“推断，猜想”；alluding“提及，暗指”；suggesting“暗示，建议”。句意：他没有提到你的名字，但是我肯定他暗指你了。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The dictators first step was to _ the free press.问题1选项A.strangleB

3、.strandC.stratifyD.estrange【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。strangle “压制，使窒息”；strand“使搁浅，陷入困境”；stratify “分层”；estrange “使疏远，离间”。句意：独裁者的第一步是压制言论自由。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题The heavy snow _ travel, so he had to stay here for more days.问题1选项A.impeachedB.impelledC.impededD.imparted【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。impeached “归咎，弹劾”；impelled “推进，促使”；

4、impeded “阻碍”；imparted “给予，传授，告知”。句意：大雪阻碍了旅行，所以他必须在这儿多待几天。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Before we move, we should （ ） some of the old furniture, so that we can have more room in the new house.问题1选项A.cancelB.concealC.discardD.retain【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。cancel“取消”；conceal“隐藏”；discard“丢弃”；retain “保持”。句意：我们搬家前，我们应该丢弃一些老家具，以便

5、于我们能够为新房子腾出更多空间。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range

6、 of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet Universitya voluntary community to scholars and teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all link

7、ed in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.Yet the Internet University p

8、oses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware，produced by a few superstar teachers，marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University

9、 of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Austral

10、ian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education，that does not mean greater uniformity in course contentor other dangers will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are a

11、lso at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focu

12、s their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather t

13、han lowest) paid professionals?”Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing a

14、nd matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learn

15、ing from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley s view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well a

16、s rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be “enrolled” in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, betweenor even during

17、sessions at a real world problem focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant tec

18、hnology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.1.When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University, _.2.Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet Universit

19、y?3.According to the review，what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?4.Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrows university faculty, university teachers _.5.Which category of writing does the review belong to?问题1选项A.he is in favour of itB.his view is balanc

20、edC.he is slightly critical of itD.he is strongly critical of it问题2选项A.Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B.Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C.Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.D.The Internet University may produce teach

21、ers with a lot of publicity.问题3选项A.Knowledge learning and career building.B.Learning how to solve existing social problems.C.Researching into solutions to current world problems.D.Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.问题4选项A.are required to conduct more independent research

22、B.are required to offer more courses to their studentsC.are supposed to assume more demanding dutiesD.are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty问题5选项A.Narration.B.Description.C.Persuasion.D.Exposition.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.作者态度题。根据文章第二段，“A computerized university could h

23、ave many advantages, such as easy scheduling”，可知作者一方面认为网络大学存在很多优势，比如课程安排等等。根据文章第三段，“Yet the Internet University poses dangers”，作者认为网络大学也有很多隐藏着的危险，所以优缺点都有体现。选项B符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段, “marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the

24、global education marketsuch a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work”，可知大学存在的危险包括由几位明星教师编著的课程大肆宣扬后会主宰教育市场，并且降低实体教育的意义，使教职工失业等，文中并未提及互

25、联网课程的费用问题。选项A符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句，“instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world?”，可知大学的教育的根本使命就是基本的技术训练和培养学

26、生的职业技能，选项A符合题意。 4.细节理解题。根据文章第六段和第七段，“Some would act as brokersA second group, mentorsA third new role for faculty, and in Gidley s view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers.”可知，未来大学教师的三种角色是经纪人、导师和决策制定者。根据文章第六段， “charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of s

27、tudents colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.”，第三种教师角色是带领着学生同事共同寻找解决某些特定现实世界问题的精神的以及合理的和技术性的方法。所以他们的任务更加艰巨了。选项C符合题意。 5.考查文体。纵观全文，第一段进行了导入，简短地介绍了转型中的大学这个本书，接下来第二段和第三段分别阐述了网络大学的优点和缺点，紧接着阐述了网络大学可能给未来带来的影响，以

28、及教师们的角色的变化等等，所以本文对网络大学进行了一系列的说明和阐述，为说明文，选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Behaviors that we do not understand often become nearly invisibleeven when, in retrospect ,we see how truly strange they are.When I was a psychiatric resident, we had a faculty member who was famous for his messy office: stacks of papers and old

29、journals covered every chair and table as well as much of the floor. One day, as I walked past the open office door with one of my supervisors, he murmured mildly, “Odd duck.” And that was as far as anyone seemed to reflect on this peculiar state of affairs within an institution staffed by psychiatr

30、ists. Eventually, the faculty member had to be given another office in which to see patients.Not surprisingly, the psychiatric diagnostic manual does not list “messy room” in the index. But it does mention a tantalizing symptom: inability “to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have

31、 no sentimental value,” It comes under the diagnosis obsessive-compulsive personality disorder，an obscure cousin of the more famous obsessive-compulsive disorder.I was barely aware of the diagnosis. Every era has mental disorders that for cultural or scientific reasons become popular. In Freuds day

32、it was hysteria. Currently, depression has moved to center stage. But other ailments go relatively ignored, and this disorder was one.It came with a list of additional symptoms that appeared to be peculiar; anxiety about spending money, excessive devotion to work to the exclusion of leisure activiti

33、es, rigidity about following rules, perfectionism in doing tasksat times to the point of interfering with finishing them.In moderation, the symptoms seemed to fit right in with our workaholic cultureperhaps explaining the low profile of the diagnosis. Relentless work orientation and perfectionism ma

34、y even be assets in rule-and detail-oriented professions like accounting or law.But when the symptoms are too intense or pervasive, they become crippling. Beneath the seemingly adaptive behaviors lies a central disability. People with this diagnosis have enormous difficulty making decisions. They la

35、ck the internal sense of completion that most of us experience at the end of a choice or a task, eyen one as simple as throwing something out or making a purchase. In obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, this feeling occurs only after endless deliberation and revision, if at all.The need to co

36、me up with the “correct” answer, the best purchase or the perfect proposal leads to excess rumination over each decision. It can even lead to complete paralysis. For such people, rules of all kinds are a godsendthey represent pre-made decisions. Open-ended assignments, like writing papers, are night

37、mares.For such a patient or for a psychiatrist，understanding a cluster of diagnostic symptoms can be a revelation. The picture leaps out from the previously disorganized background. But undoubtedly, at times we can become too reductionistic, seeing patterns where none exist: sometimes a messy room i

38、s just a messy room.1.Which of the following best describes peoples attitude towards the faculty member?2.The popular mental disorder of current time, according to the author, is _.3.The reason why symptoms of the “obsessive-compulsive disorder” go unnoticed is that _.4.Rules are godsend to persons

39、with the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder because _.5.From the last paragraph we can see that the authors view is that _.问题1选项A.They disliked him, and thats why he got his separate room to see patients.B.They thought he is a little strange, but didnt pay much attention to his behavior.C.The

40、y were interested in his behavior, as they were all psychiatrists.D.They thought he had some mental retardness.问题2选项A.hysteriaB.depressionC.messinessD.obsessive-compulsive disorder问题3选项A.they are highly thought of in according to lawB.some of the mild symptoms fit in with a workaholic cultureC.they

41、have a low profileD.they take a long time to become intense or pervasive问题4选项A.they do not involve decision makingB.they are open-ended assignmentsC.they lead to complete paralysisD.they are made by other问题5选项A.a messy room is just a messy roomB.a messy room is an indication of the obsessive-compuls

42、ive personality disorderC.psychiatrists should pay attention to a messy roomD.psychiatrists should see patterns of seemingly disorganized behaviors, but shouldnt be too reductionistic【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段， “Behaviors that we do not understand often become nearly invisiblee

43、ven when, in retrospect ,we see how truly strange they are.”，可知，即使回过头来看一些行为的确非常奇怪，但是对于那些我们不能理解的行为，我们经常会保持忽视的态度。紧接着第二段用一位同事的例子来说明这个观点，选项B符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段第四句，“Currently, depression has moved to center stage.”，可知目前，抑郁症已经成为人们关注的焦点。选项B符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句，“the symptoms seemed to fit right in wit

44、h our workaholic cultureperhaps explaining the low profile of the diagnosis. Relentless work orientation and perfectionism”，因为强迫症人格障碍的症状刚好符合工作狂的文化精神，不懈努力的工作定位和完美主义在工作中甚至会成为优点，因此强迫症在诊断过程中经常被忽视。选项B符合题意。 4.推断题。根据文章第七段，“People with this diagnosis have enormous difficulty making decisions.”，可知患有强迫症的人在做决定

45、方面有巨大的困难。根据文章第八段，“For such people, rules of all kinds are a godsendthey represent pre-made decisions.”，可知对于这些人来说，规则是最大的恩赐，因为代表着预先做好的决定。所以可推断，规则的制定使他们不用自己作决定。选项A符合题意。 5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“For such a patient or for a psychiatrist，understanding a cluster of diagnostic symptoms can be a revelation.”，可知对于这方

46、面的病人或者精神病医生，理解诊断症状是有必要的。“But undoubtedly, at times we can become too reductionistic, seeing patterns where none exist: sometimes a messy room is just a messy room.”，可知有时我们可以把事情看得更简单一些，有些情形并没有什么，有时凌乱的房间仅仅是凌乱而已。所以可推断出，作者认为医生必须要理解一些诊断性的症状，能看到一些杂乱无章的行为并且熟悉病症，以便于给病人看病，但是有时候凌乱确实只是一种简单的现象，并不是病症，医生也不能多虑。选项D

47、符合题意。8. 单选题It was _ to continue the negotiation since both sides lack the sincerity.问题1选项A.fertileB.futileC.fugitiveD.fussy【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。fertile“多产的，富饶的”；futile “无效的，无用的”；fugitive“逃亡的，无常的”；fussy “大惊小怪的，爱挑剔的”。句意：因为双方都缺少真诚，继续谈判是无效的。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题This method _ my headache. It really takes effect.问题1

48、选项A.soothesB.sobersC.soarsD.soaks【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。soothes“安慰，缓和”；sobers “使严肃，使清醒”；soars“上升，高耸”；soaks“浸泡，渗透”。句意：这种方法减轻了我的头痛，真的起了作用。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The field of sociology in the United States developed as a result of a social experience which had very little to do with the political and ideological cont

49、roversies that stimulated sociology in France and Germany. Rather, the discipline evolved as a result of the experiences associated with the problems of an immigrant society caught in the turmoil of rapid industrialization and urban growth. Indeed, it must be emphasized that from its beginning, soci

50、ology has had a very practical interest, which was characterized less by political divisiveness than by social reform and social work. This practical emphasis in the discipline has continued to persist to the present. It has only been since World War，however, that there has existed something in Amer

51、ican higher education that could be properly termed a “sociological establishment” or a highly respected academic field of study. Its major strength as an academic discipline resulted from its empirical and sophisticated approach to the identification and solution of practical but highly significant

52、 social problems.Today，what does the academic sociologist do? Professional sociologists are individuals who study and teach about societies，social institutions，and the patterns of human interaction and human behavior. As a scientific discipline，sociology may be divided into three broad, analytical f

53、ields: the study of groups; institutions analysis; and the study of the social structure in general. Thus, the content of the rapidly expanding discipline of sociology is based upon culture and society，with emphasis placed upon the study of the various types of interaction and relationships which ex

54、ist among individuals and human groups. In the study of such areas as social organization and disorganization, sociologists attempted to explain the evolution and change of social institutions and the changing nature of human attitudinal and value systems. Among the selected topics of investigation

55、included within the study of sociology are the changing nature of family life，institutional life, sexual attitudes, crime and violence，religious values, and the entire gamut of interpersonal relationships in politics and government. Indeed，many of the areas which professional sociologists study are,

56、 by their very nature, relatively familiar to many of us even though they are not clearly understood. The basic hypotheses of the disciplinethat social life (both group and individual behavior) is patterned； that value and attitudes are learned, reinforced, and shared; that we as individuals are, in

57、 many respects，what others consider us to beare ideas which most people now instinctively accept in order to live and function as members of society. These topics, which emphasize individual and group behavior processes, then, comprise areas of concern for sociology as one of the behavior science di

58、sciplines.During these last decades of the twentieth century advanced Western society will continue to be confronted with crucial social issues in the context of both individual and group behavior patterns resulting from continued rapid technological expansion. The solution to the problem plaguing o

59、ur complex society will become，to a much greater extent, the primary responsibility of sociology, social psychology, and cultural anthropology, the three major academic disciplines comprising the behavioral sciences. This trend is being witnessed currently by the increasing numbers of behavioral sci

60、entists that are being employed by government, by business and industry, by hospitals and other agencies devoted to problems of health care, by welfare agencies, by public educational systems, and by many other types of organizations in which some systematic knowledge of human behavior is required.1

61、.The primary purpose of the passage is to _.2.Which of the following statements about sociology would the author be most likely to disagree with?3.It can be inferred from the passage that social psychology and cultural anthropology_.4.Which of the following statements would the author most likely ag

62、ree with?5.The word “empirical” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.问题1选项A.distinguish sociology in the United States from sociology in France and GermanyB.compare sociology with social psychology and cultural anthropologyC.provide a general discussion of modern Western sociology and its signif

63、icanceD.show that sociology is the study of social institutions问题2选项A.Most sociologists are interested in theoretical rather than practical questions.B.There is a discernable structure to everyone s behavior.C.Human behavior can be systematically studied.D.Ones self-image is not encoded genetically.问题3选项A.are subareas of sociologyB.are other names for sociologyC.will achieve th