2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第30期

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1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farm

2、ers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These develop

3、ments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1939s.In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commit

4、ment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.President Hoovers successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Co

5、ngress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supr

6、eme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt

7、 Administration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers.1. What brough

8、t about the decline in the demand for American farm products?2. The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was_.3. The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to_.4. The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believ

9、ed that the Act_.5. It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at_.问题1选项A.The impact of the Great Depression.B.The shrinking of overseas markets.C.The destruction caused by the First World War.D.The increased exports of European countries.问题2选项A.to increas

10、e farm productionB.to establish agricultural lawsC.to prevent farmers from going bankruptD.to promote the mechanization of agriculture问题3选项A.reduce their scale of productionB.make full use of their landC.adjust the prices of their farm productsD.be self-sufficient in agricultural production问题4选项A.mi

11、ght cause greater scarcity of farm productsB.didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough powerC.would benefit neither the government nor the farmersD.benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others问题5选项A.reducing the cost of farmingB.conserving soil in the long-term interest of the natio

12、nC.lowering the burden of farmersD.helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段第一句In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity programs

13、 to reduce their imports.“在1920年代对美国农产品的需求下降，欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复和制定紧缩项目以减少进口”，第二步综合理解，由此可知是欧洲对从战后恢复过来了对美国的农产品需求减少了，所以B选项“海外市场的萎缩”正确。A选项“大萧条的影响”，定位到第一段最后一句话These developments were made worse by the Great Depression“大萧条使这些发展变得更糟”，从这里大萧条使情况变糟，这不是美国农产品对外出口减少的原因，这里属于出处错误；C选项“第一次世界大战造成的破坏”，见正确解析，是一战的影响导致欧洲需

14、要进口美国的农产品从而美国农业发展起来了，而不是一战造成的破坏使美国农业出口量下降，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“欧洲国家出口的增加”；文章没有提及，这里属于无中生有。2.推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第二段第二句话It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers“它确立了直接干预供求关系的原

15、则，并代表了第一个为农民提供更大经济稳定性的国家承诺”，第二步，寻找上下文线索，经济稳定性就暗含着国家兜底保护农民免于破产之灾，所以C选项“防止农民破产”正确。A选项“增加农业生产”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“制定农业法律”，见文章正确选项分析，从这里可知美国政府的主要考虑是为了保障农民的经济的稳定性而不是为了立法，立法只是实现经济稳定的手段，所以B选项错误，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“推进农业机械化”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。3.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第三四句This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the powe

16、r to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices.“这项法律赋予农业部长通过与农民自愿达成协议来减少产量的权力，这些农民收取费用让他们停止使用自己的土地。故意造成农产品短缺是为了提高价格”，第二步，综合理解，从这里可知农业调整法案鼓励美国农民减产，所以答案选A选项“减少

17、他们的生产规模”。B选项“充分利用他们的土地”，见正确选项，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“调整农产品价格”，见正确选项，让农民减产的目的是造成粮食紧缺的现象，从而通过供求关系用市场这只看不见的手达到调整农产品价格的目的，不是鼓励农民自己调整农产品价格，这里属于张冠李戴；D选项“农业生产实现自给自足”，定位到第一段第三行This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient.“这一时期对农民来说比以前更糟糕，因为农民不

18、再自给自足”，这里虽然有提到self-sufficient但是这里指的是农民不能通过买卖自己的农产品获得足够的收入养活自己，不是农产品歉收的意思，这里属于偷换概念。4.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第三段第五、七句话This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of peopleThe Roosevelt Administration believed

19、that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens.“最高法院宣布这项法律违宪，理由是征收一般税是为了支付给一个特殊群体罗斯福政府认为，重建国家土地符合国家利益，而不仅仅是牺牲其他公民的利益来帮助农民的计划”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知，最高法院驳回法案的理由是这个法案是为了一个特殊的群体而立的是不符合宪法精神的，而罗斯福政府却认为农业很重要，立法的目的并不仅仅是牺牲其他人

20、的利益来支持农民，所以答案选D选项“以牺牲他人为代价使一部分公民受益”。A选项“可能会导致更严重的农产品短缺”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；B选项“没有给农业部长足够的权力”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；C选项“对政府和农民都没有好处”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。5.推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内信息，定位到第三段第六句话However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measure

21、s, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation.“然而，新的法律立即通过，达到了同样的休养土壤和提供防洪措施的结果，但这些是基于土壤保持的原则”，第二步，寻找上下文线索，从这里可知新法的目的是为了保护土地，所以B选项正确。A选项“降低农业成本”，文章没有提及，所以不选，这里属于无中生有；C选项“减轻农民负担”，文章没有提及，所以不选，这里属于无中生有；D选项“帮助农民而不将负担转嫁给其他纳税人”，定位到第三段第七句The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding

22、 the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens.“而罗斯福政府却认为农业很重要，立法的目的并不仅仅是牺牲其他人的利益来支持农民”，根据关键词not simply“不仅仅是”，说明帮助农民这个负担其实已经转移到别人头上了但是因为农业的重要性毋庸置疑所以罗斯福坚持立法帮助农民，所有D选项错误，这里属于反向干扰。2. 单选题Across the board, American colleges and un

23、iversities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa. In 2011, they released a landmark study titled “Academically Adrift,” which documented the lack o

24、f intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in todays knowledge-based economy and to lead our natio

25、n in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hou

26、rs a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sp

27、orts, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she

28、calls the “party pathway,” which eases many students through college, helped along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are “catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy stud

29、ents at the expense of others” who wont enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students

30、 must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isnt kind to candidates who cant demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literac

31、y, math and science abilities. College graduates will still far better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American

32、 universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.11. What is Arum and Roksas finding about higher education in America?12. What is responsible for the students lack of higher-level skills?13. What does Laura Hamilton

33、say about college administrations?14. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?15. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?问题1选项A.It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B.It fails to prepare students to face the challenges o

34、f modern times.C.It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D.It has tried hard to satisfy students various needs.问题2选项A.The diluted college curriculum.B.The boring classroom activities.C.The absence of rigorous discipline.D.The outdated educational approach.问题3选项A.They fail to give adequat

35、e help to the needy students.B.They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C.They seem to be out of touch with society.D.They prioritize non-academic activities.问题4选项A.They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.B.They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy thems

36、elves.C.They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.D.They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.问题5选项A.American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.B.People should not expect too much from American higher education.C.The current situation in Ame

37、rican higher education may not last long.D.It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】11.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第一段倒数一二句In 2011 they released a landmark study titled“Academically Adrift,” which documented the lack of intellectual growth exp

38、erienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in todays knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex ch

39、allenges and dynamic change.“2011年，他们发布了一项具有里程碑意义的研究，题为学术上的漂泊，记录了许多上大学的人缺乏智力增长的经历。特别是，阿鲁姆和洛克萨发现，大学生没有培养出批判性思维、分析推理和其他更高层次的技能，而这些技能是在当今以知识为基础的经济中茁壮成长、在一个充满复杂挑战和动态变化的时代领导我们国家所必需的”，由此可知答案选B选项“它没能让学生做好面对现代挑战的准备”。A选项“它旨在激发大学生的求知欲”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“近年来，它经历了巨大的变化”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“学校努力满足学生的各种需求”，文章没有提

40、及，属于无中生有。12.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第二段第一句话Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards“阿鲁姆和洛克萨将学生学习不足归咎于大学课程的淡化和本科学业标准的降低”，由此可知答案选A选项“掺水的大学课程”。B选项“枯燥的课堂活动”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“缺乏严格的纪律”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“过时的教育方法

41、”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。13.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第一句话Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students“劳拉汉密尔顿是一项关于支付大学学费的家长的研究的作者，她将在即将出版的一本书中指出，大学管

42、理部门过于关注学生的社交和体育活动”，由此可知答案选D“他们优先考虑非学术活动”。A选项“他们没有给贫困学生足够的帮助”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“他们往往提供太多缺乏挑战性的课程”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“他们似乎与社会脱节了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。14.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段最后一句话By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are “catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy stu

43、dents at the expense of others”who wont enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate“通过批准这种弱化版的大学，大学是在“以牺牲其他人的利益来满足富裕学生的社会和教育需求”，而这些人一旦毕业，就无法享受富裕学生的经济支持或社会关系”，从这里可知答案选B选项“为了享受生活，他们可以选择更容易的专业”。A选项“他们往往比同龄人有一种优越感”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“他们花大量时间与企业建立牢固的联系”，文章没有提及，属

44、于无中生有；D选项“即使没有学位，他们也能爬上社会的阶梯”，定位到第三段第五句College graduates will still far better than those with only a high school education, of course“当然，大学毕业生仍然比那些只有高中学历的人要好得多”，从这里可知D选项错误。15.推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到最后一段最后一句话For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have be

45、en demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over“对于那些在大学里过得很轻松的学生，以及对工作要求更少、提供更多吸引力、收取更高学费的美国大学来说，这场派对可能很快就要结束了”，从文章的关键词may soon be over可以看出，作者认为美国大学这种状态很快会消失，由此可以推断C选项“美国高等教育的现状可能不会持续太久”正确。A选项“美国高等教育已经失去了其全球竞争力”，文章虽然在批判美国现在的教育制度但是没有提到美国的高等教育失

46、去竞争力了，这里属于无中生有；B选项“人们不应该对美国的高等教育期望过高”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“要改变目前高等教育的趋势需要很长时间”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。3. 单选题The number of speakers of English in Shakespeares time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the Unit

47、ed States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and

48、 written forms.It is virtually impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own language. The purposes for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it

49、is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation.The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a

50、 language in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the dissemination（传播）of information ove

51、r the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, c

52、ommerce industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological development in the West.26. There are about 260 million people who can speak_.27. According to this passage, the English language might be used_.28. The author seems to b

53、e wondering_.29. “these countries” （Para.3）most probably refers to_.30. A common language is necessary for some multi-lingual countries_.问题1选项A.English in its regional varietyB.English in its standard varietyC.English as a second languageD.English as a working language问题2选项A.for only one reason that

54、 English is becoming an international languageB.mainly by people from the American continent and the European continentC.as an official language in an international conference on the American cultureD.in science and technology as well as in cultural and historical studies of all countries问题3选项A.what

55、 makes up ones adequate working knowledge of EnglishB.why English can serve so many needs of various peopleC.how to relate the technological problems in airport communicationsD.when English became so widely used问题4选项A.the developing countries which used to be coloniesB.the former British colonies wh

56、ich now are developingC.the colonized countries which become as strong as BritainD.the developing countries which are still colonized by Britain问题5选项A.for both internal and international communicationsB.for access to the development in other countriesC.for higher efficiency of the government and bet

57、ter life of the publicD.for wider communications among colonial nations【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】26.事实细节题。定位到第一段第二三句，Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Z

58、ealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language“今天，据估计大约有2.6亿人把英语作为母语使用，主要分布在美国、加拿大、英国、爱尔兰、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰。除了在这些地区发现的标准英语变体外，还有许多地区和社会的英语变体”，由此可知答案选B选项“标准英语”。A选项“具有地域多样性的英语”，见正确选项，由此可知这里错误，属于反向干扰。C选项“英语作为

59、第二语言”，文章没有提及属于无中生有，所以不选。D选项“作为工作语言的英语”，文章没有提及属于无中生有，所以不选。27.事实细节题。定位到第三段第二句话Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers.“除了满足以

60、英语为母语的人无穷无尽的需求外，在科学、技术和其他领域，一些最重要的著作也是用英语写成的，而且这些著作并不总是由以英语为母语的人写成的”，从这里可知D选项“（被用）在科学和技术以及所有国家的文化和历史研究中”正确；A选项“英语成为国际语言只有一个原因”，定位到第二段最后一句The purposes for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to define and still more difficu

61、lt to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation.“学习英语的目的和学习英语的环境是如此不同，很难定义，更难以评估什么构成了每一种情况下的充分的工作知识。”从这里可知人们学习英语的目的不同，也就导致英语成为国际语言的原因是多种因素综合起来的，所以A选项错误，这里属于以偏概全；B选项“主要是来自美洲大陆和欧洲大陆的人”，定位到第一段第二句话mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, A

62、ustralia and New Zealand.“主要分布在美国、加拿大、英国、爱尔兰、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰”从这里可知B选项错误，非洲大陆也有很多国家讲英语，这里属于以偏概全；C选项“作为美国文化国际会议的官方语言”，定位到第三段第三句It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the dissemination of information over the radio and television net

63、works of many nations.“它被广泛用于气象和机场通信、国际会议以及通过许多国家的无线电和电视网络传播信息等目的”，从这里可以看出不止是美国，很多国家在开国际会议时都用的是英语，这里属于以偏概全。28.主旨大意题。关注首末两段中心句，第一段中心句是第二句there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms. “这种

64、语言有许多地区和社会变体，在口语和书面形式中也有不同程度的用法”，这是文章的中心句，这段说明英语的广泛使用；第三段中心句是The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language“对英语的广泛需求的主要原因是它作为一种世界语言在当今的重要性”，这段讲的是为什么很多人会学英语的原因。结合两者可知作者主要是弄清楚B选项“为什么英语能满足不同人的需求”。A选项“是什么构成了一个人足够的英语工作知识”，作者已经在第二段最后一句说明了it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation. “定义每种情况下的充分工作知识