2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第53期

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1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题Directing the union are technological advances that have made it easier to store and rapidly transmit information into homes and offices. Fiber-optic cable, for examplemade up of hair-thin glass fibersis a tremendously efficient carrier of information. Lase

2、rs shooting light through glass fiber can transmit 250,000 times as much data as a standard telephone wire, or tens of thousands of paragraphs such as this one every second.The greatly increased volume and speed of data transmission that these technologies permit can be compared to the way in which

3、a highway with many lanes allows more cars to move at faster speeds than a two-lane highwayhence, the information superhighway.【答案】【参考译文】引导联合的是技术进步，技术的进步使信息更容易存储和迅速传输到家庭和办公室。例如，由细如发丝的玻璃纤维制成的光纤是一种非常高效的信息载体。通过玻璃纤维发的激光可以传输标准电话线25万倍的数据，或者每秒传输数万段这样的段落。这些技术极大地增加了数据传输的量和速度，可以与多车道高速公路比双车道高速公路允许更多的汽车以更快的速度移动

4、的方式相比较因此，信息高速公路由此得名。2. 单选题There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know how to use bot

5、h the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to the rulers by ancient writers, who relate how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indic

6、ate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that one without the other is not durable.A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those

7、 that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this percept would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and

8、would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wishes to show colorable excuse for the unfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and also how many times peace has

9、been broken, and how man promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so rea

10、dy to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves be to deceived.26. The writer does not believe that _.27. “Prince” in the passage designates _.28. The lion represents those who are _.29. The fox, in the passage, is _.30. The writer suggests that

11、a successful leader must _.问题1选项A.the truth makes men freeB.people can protect themselvesC.princes are humanD.leaders have to be consistent问题2选项A.anyone in powerB.elected officialsC.aristocratsD.sons of kings问题3选项A.too trustingB.reliant on forceC.strong and powerfulD.lacking in intelligence问题4选项A.ad

12、mired for his trickeryB.no match for the lionC.pitied for his wilesD.considered worthless问题5选项A.be prudent and faithfulB.cheat and lieC.have principle to guide his actionsD.follow the truth【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】26.【选项释义】26. The writer does not believe that _. 26. 作者不相信_。A. the truth makes

13、 men free A. 真理使人自由B. people can protect themselves B. 人们可以保护自己C. princes are human C. 王子是人类D. leaders have to be consistent D. 领导者必须始终如一【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】本文主要论述了人类斗争方式和野兽斗争方式的相同和异同之处。作者认为 by law（法律）是人类所用的斗争方式，by force（武力）是动物采用的斗争方式，而从第二段对王子的描述可以看出，王子们只会the method of fighting by force（用武力对抗的方法）；综合理解，

14、可推断作者认为王子不属于人这一类。故该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“真理使人自由”和B选项“人们可以保护自己”没提及，无中生有；D选项“领导者必须始终如一”与原文相反，作者认为作为领导者，应该要很好的伪装自己，该项反向干扰。27.【选项释义】27. “Prince” in the passage designates _. 27.“王子”在文中指的是_。A. anyone in power A. 有权利的人B. elected officials B. 民选官员C. aristocrats C. 贵族D. sons of kings D. 国王的儿子【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】通

15、读全文可知，由第一段的第二和第三句“因此，一个王子有必要知道如何使用兽和人。这是古代作家秘密教导统治者的（taught to the rulers）”可知，文章中的“王子”是指领导别人的人，结合第二段，该段讲述了王子应该模仿狐狸和狮子，像野兽一样行事，第三句提到“所以一个谨慎的统治者（a prudent ruler）不应当守信，因为守信有损于他的利益，使他约束自己的理由也不存在了”，综上所述推断，“princes”指的是有权利的统治者。该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“民选官员”、C选项“贵族”根据解题思路可知，这两项属于曲解原文；D选项“国王的儿子”，文章中用的是比喻的手法，将prin

16、ce比作ruler，并不是表示国王的儿子，所以该项属于曲解原文。28.【选项释义】28. The lion represents those who are _. 28. 狮子代表的是_的人。A. too trusting A. 太相信别人B. reliant on force B. 依赖武力C. strong and powerful C. 强有力的D. lacking in intelligence D. 缺乏智慧【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“狮子无法保护自己不受陷阱的伤害，狐狸也无法保护自己不受狼的伤害”，这是狮子和狐狸的鲜明对比，狮子不能躲过陷阱，而狐狸逃脱不了被

17、狼袭击的命运，故我们能看出狮子是靠自己的力量。因此，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“太相信别人”、C选项“强有力的”和D选项“缺乏智慧”与原文不符，曲解原文。29.【选项释义】29. The fox, in the passage, is _. 29. 根据文章，狐狸_。A. admired for his trickery A. 因诡计多端而受到称赞B. no match for the lion B. 不是狮子的对手C. pitied for his wiles C. 因诡计多端而令人同情D. considered worthless D. 被认为一文不值【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】

18、根据第二段第一句“狮子无法保护自己不受陷阱的伤害，狐狸也无法保护自己不受狼的伤害”，这是狮子和狐狸的鲜明对比，狮子不能躲过陷阱，而狐狸能躲过陷阱和圈套，故狐狸在这篇文章中因为有计谋而受到称赞。因此，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“不是狮子的对手”在文中并没有对它们进行比较，而是作对比，曲解原文；C选项“因诡计多端而令人同情”推断错误，与原文表述不符，曲解原文；D选项“被认为一文不值”没提到，无中生有。30.【选项释义】30. The writer suggests that a successful leader must _. 30. 作者建议一个成功的领导者必须_。A. be pruden

19、t and faithful A. 谨慎和忠诚B. cheat and lie B. 欺骗和撒谎C. have principle to guide his actions C. 有原则来指导他的行动D. follow the truth D. 遵循真理【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段后部分的内容：一个王子想要为他未实现诺言找个冠冕堂皇的借口，他的正当理由也从来没有落空过。关于这一点，我们可以举出无数的例子，也可以举出多少次和平被破坏，人们的诺言如何因君主的不忠诚（the faithlessness of princes）而变得毫无价值，那些最能模仿狐狸的人也最成功。但是，必须能够

20、很好地伪装这一性格，成为一个伟大的伪装者和掩饰者，而人们是如此的单纯和乐意服从，以至于欺骗人的人（the one who deceives）总是会发现那些允许自己被欺骗的人。从这里我们可以知道，一个成功的领导者必须要能够伪装自己，具备欺骗和说谎两种能力，故B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“谨慎和忠诚”与原文相反，反向干扰；C选项“有原则来指导他的行动”和D选项“遵循真理”没提及，无中生有。3. 单选题I deem the girl was in bad health because the handshake with her was so _.问题1选项A.limpB.lameC.softD.

21、strong【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. limp 无生气的，无力的 B. lame 瘸的，没说服力的C. soft 柔软的 D. strong 强壮的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由主句“我认为这女孩身体不好（in bad health）”可推测，the handshake with her（和她的握手）应该是“无力的”。故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合句子逻辑。【句意】我认为这女孩身体不好，因为与她的握手很无力。4. 单选题With the prospect of coal and petroleum supplies depleted and with air

22、 pollution becoming an increasing concern, the major countries of the world are seeking alternate sources of energy. If a means to obtain energy from water, especially from the ocean, can be effected economically, it would furnish a never ending supply of energy, since 70% of the earths surface is o

23、cean and another 10% is fresh water in rivers and lakes.From the beginning of time man has used water power as a source of work energywaterfalls and dambut these are fresh water sources and are landlocked. The seas have contributed little or nothing in the way of power.The use of temperature variati

24、on between currents is one area of exploration. Ocean water is heated by the sun near the equator and drawn by the rotation of the earth toward the poles, where it cools and drops toward the ocean floor and starts its journey back toward the equator. The differential between the two currents is 35 d

25、egrees to 45 degrees Fahrenheit and to use it, the scientists must find the places where they run near land and are not too far away from each other. One area that meets these requirements is the Caribbean Sea.America, the greatest consumer of energy, has been working on another kind of thermal sea

26、energy proposal. One plan would somewhat resemble the operation of a refrigerator on a vast scale. Warm water would be the heat source, cold water the heat sink.Oceans also offer wave power, tides and the chemical propensities of salt water as potential sources of energy. All these uses are theoreti

27、cally possible.Britains Department of Energy is interested in wave power, using a string of “tear drop” devices that depend on very active wave areas and 100 feet depths. In addition to this, the British are working on a method that the Japanese have already put into practical use on a small scale f

28、or powering their navigational buoys. This method is called an oscillating water column and rides the waves with a series of cylinders having one-way air valves. Wave movement produces air under pressure that has only one escape routeto a turbine that powers a generator.11. The use of water is _.12.

29、 In the matter of developing energy from ocean water, Britain is _.13. The development of water power from the ocean is important to America and Russia because _.14. Getting energy from the ocean is important to _.15. The word “depleted” in Line 1, Para. 1, most probably means _.问题1选项A.a new concept

30、B.less expensive than petroleum productsC.now being used more from the ocean than from rivers and lakesD.being developed to supplement other sources of energy问题2选项A.working on a method that the Japanese have already put into practiceB.the most advanced country in the fieldC.following the lead of the

31、 United States National Space Administration and Energy Research and Development AdministrationD.consolidating their work with the North Sea drilling operations already going on问题3选项A.there is a severe shortage of coalB.it is the cheapest method of producing energyC.petroleum supplies are being stea

32、dily depletedD.the procedures for obtaining energy from ocean water are simpler than methods now being used for petroleum问题4选项A.Russia because of its limited water resources on landB.America because of its great consumption of energyC.Asia because most of the Asian countries lack other sources of en

33、ergyD.south America because a large percentage of the population is very poor问题5选项A.run outB.used upC.desertedD.extinct【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】11.【选项释义】11. The use of water is _.11. 用水是_。A. a new concept A. 新概念B. less expensive than petroleum products B. 比石油产品便宜C. now being used more from t

34、he ocean than from rivers and lakes C. 现在从海洋中得到的能源比从河流和湖泊中得到的要多D. being developed to supplement other sources of energy D. 正打算被开发以补充其他能源【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段第一二句话“随着煤和石油供应的枯竭以及空气污染日益引起人们的关注，世界主要国家正在寻求替代能源（alternate sources of energy）。如果从水中获取能量”，第二步综合理解，因为种种因素，人们打算用水做替代能源，所以答案选D选项“正打算被开发以补充

35、其他能源”。【干扰项排除】A选项“新概念”，定位到第二段第一句话“从一开始，人类就使用水力作为工作能量的来源”，由此可知A选项错误，属于反向干扰；B选项“比石油产品便宜”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“现在从海洋中得到的能源比从河流和湖泊中得到的要多”，定位到第一段第二句话“如果（If）一种从水，特别是从海洋中获取能源的方法能产生经济效益，那么它将提供无穷无尽的能源，”这里只是一种假设，与C选项描述不符，这里属于偷换概念。12.【选项释义】12. In the matter of developing energy from ocean water, Britain is _.12. 在

36、从海水中开发能源的问题上，英国是_。A. working on a method that the Japanese have already put into practice A. 研究一种日本人已经付诸实践的方法B. the most advanced country in the field B. 在这一领域最先进的国家C. following the lead of the United States National Space Administration and Energy Research and Development Administration C. 跟随着美国国家航

37、天局和能源研究与开发局的领导D. consolidating their work with the North Sea drilling operations already going on D. 已经进行的北海钻井作业用来巩固他们的工作【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】 第一步，精准定位，根据关键词Britain定位到第六段第二句话“除此之外，英国人正在研究一种日本人已经在小范围内实际应用的方法，为他们的导航浮标提供动力”，第二步综合理解，由上句可知A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项，定位到文章第六段第一句话“英国能源部对海浪发电很感兴趣”，英国感兴趣的是

38、海浪能量，而美国国家航天局研究的是通过两股洋流之间的温度差来提供能量，所以C选项错误，属于反向干扰；D选项，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。13.【选项释义】13. The development of water power from the ocean is important to America and Russia because _.13. 开发海洋水力对美国和俄罗斯来说很重要，因为_。A. there is a severe shortage of coal A. 煤严重短缺B. it is the cheapest method of producing energy B. 这是生

39、产能源最便宜的方法C. petroleum supplies are being steadily depleted C. 石油供应正在逐渐枯竭D. the procedures for obtaining energy from ocean water are simpler than methods now being used for petroleum D. 从海水中获取能源的程序比现在用于石油的方法简单【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步精准定位，根据关键词America and Russia，定位到第一段第一句“随着煤和石油供应的枯竭（deplete）以及空气污染日益引起人们的关

40、注，世界主要国家（the major countries）正在寻求替代能源”。第二步，综合理解，由此可知C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“煤严重短缺”，造成短缺的原因很多，不一定是因为煤炭资源枯竭，这里属于偷换概念；B选项“这是生产能源最便宜的方法”，文章没有提及，属于反向干扰；D选项“从海水中获取能源的程序比现在用于石油的方法简单”，文章没有提及，属于反向干扰。14.【选项释义】14. Getting energy from the ocean is important to _.14. 从海洋获取能源对_来说很重要。A. Russia because of its limited wate

41、r resources on land A. 俄罗斯，因为其陆地水资源有限B. America because of its great consumption of energy B. 美国，因为其消耗大量的能源C. Asia because most of the Asian countries lack other sources of energy C. 亚洲，因为大多数亚洲国家缺乏其他能源来源D. south America because a large percentage of the population is very poor D. 南非，因为大部分的人口都很贫穷【考查点

42、】推理判断题【解题思路】定位到第四段第一句“作为最大的能源消费国（the greatest consumer of energy），美国一直在研究另一种海洋热能提案”，美国是最大的能源消耗国，所以从海洋获取能源对美国影响最大，答案选B选项“美国，因为其消耗大量的能源”。【干扰项排除】A选项“俄罗斯，因为其陆地水资源有限”，文章没有提到水资源，这里属于无中生有；C选项“亚洲，因为大多数亚洲国家缺乏其他能源来源”，文章没有提到亚洲，这里属于无中生有；D选项“南非，因为大部分的人口都很贫穷”，文章没有提到亚洲，这里属于无中生有。15.【选项释义】15. The word “depleted” in

43、Line 1, Para. 1, most probably means _.15. 第一段第一行中的“depleted”一词，最可能的意思是_。A. run out A. 用完的B. used up B. 用尽的C. deserted C. 荒芜的D. extinct D. 灭绝的【考查点】词汇推断【解题思路】第一步，句中前后信息衔接，句中前面接的是煤炭石油资源供应。第二步，上下语义衔接，该句后面主要国家正在寻找可替代能源，由此可以推测，因为煤炭、石油资源枯竭所以主要国家才会去寻找替代能源。B选项use up可以接宾语，表示资源耗尽时，“资源”充当use up的宾语，可以用被动语态。且该句中

44、with引导独立主格结构，煤炭石油资源是deplete的主语，过去分词表示被动含义，所以答案选B。【干扰项排除】A选项run out不能接宾语，表示资源耗尽时用主动语态，不用于被动；C选项“荒芜的”，不符合题意，这里属于无中生有；D选项“灭绝的”，不符合题意，这里属于无中生有。5. 单选题Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected,

45、as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards (肠胃) are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind.In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had become the ace soap bubb

46、le blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, o

47、r playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it wont stand much blowing up, and it wont stand much poking. It has certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respected. Essentially, it is a complete mystery

48、. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming mysterious and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit.One of the things commonly said about humorist is that they are really very sad people clowns with a breaking

49、 heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyones life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorists fatt

50、en on trouble. They have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terribl

51、e discomfort of tight boots (or as Josh Billings wittily called them, “tire boots”). They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form that is not quite fiction nor quite fact either. Beneath the sparkling surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe.Practically everyone is a manic d

52、epressive of sorts, with his up moments and his down moments, and you certainly dont have to be a humorist to taste the sadness of situation and mood. But there is often a rather fine line between laughing and crying, and if a humorous piece of writing brings a person to the point where his emotiona

53、l responses are untrustworthy and seem likely to break over into the opposite realm, it is because humor, like poetry, has an extra content. It plays close to the big hot fire which is Truth, and sometimes the reader feels the heat.11. In the first paragraph the author wants to say that _.12. The au

54、thor uses the example of the soap bubble blower to show that _.13. According to the author, humorists differ from ordinary people in the sense that _.14. A humorous piece of writing can make the readers emotional responses untrustworthy because _.15. The passages success lies in its extensive use of

55、 _.问题1选项A.just as scientists can dissect a frog, so analysts can dissect humorB.detailed, scientific analysis is not appropriate for humor, for it may make humor lose its aesthetic valueC.some peoples analysis of humor are too scientificD.analysts attempts at humor are not instructive enough to inte

56、rest the author问题2选项A.skill is required to produce humorB.neither too much exaggeration nor absolute explicitness is fit for humorC.people should perfect the art of humor just as the bubble blower does to the bubblesD.humor should make people frantic for a while问题3选项A.they give vent to their sorrows

57、 in a laughable wayB.they have much trouble in their life and they are melancholyC.they are more sensible of the sadness of life and they endure and express the pain cheerfullyD.they are mostly clowns with a breaking heart问题4选项A.it expresses the truth of the sadness of human life with a sparkling su

58、rfaceB.everyone has his happy moments and unhappy momentsC.there is an obvious line between laughing and cryingD.it is like poetry, very rhythmic问题5选项A.parallelismB.metaphorsC.metonymyD.similes【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】11.【选项释义】11. In the first paragraph the author wants to say that _. 11. 在第

59、一段，作者想说_。A. just as scientists can dissect a frog, so analysts can dissect humor A. 就像科学家可以解剖青蛙一样，分析家也可以解剖幽默B. detailed, scientific analysis is not appropriate for humor, for it may make humor lose its aesthetic value B. 详细的，科学的分析不适合幽默，因为它可能会使幽默失去它的审美价值C. some peoples analysis of humor are too scien

60、tific C. 有些人对幽默的分析太科学了D. analysts attempts at humor are not instructive enough to interest the author D. 分析者对幽默的尝试并不足以引起作者的兴趣【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】定位至文章第一段，在第二句提到“幽默是可以被解剖的，就像青蛙一样，但是在解剖的过程中，幽默就荡然无存”，我们可以得知，幽默可以像青蛙一样被科学地解剖，但是这样会使得幽默失去其价值，B项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“就像科学家可以解剖青蛙一样，分析家也可以解剖幽默”虽然在文中提到了，但并不是作者真正表达的意思，属于

61、张冠李戴；C选项“有些人对幽默的分析太科学了”和D选项“分析者对幽默的尝试并不足以引起作者的兴趣”并没有体现，属于无中生有。12.【选项释义】12. The author uses the example of the soap bubble blower to show that _. 12. 作者以吹肥皂泡机为例，说明_。A. skill is required to produce humor A. 产生幽默需要技巧B. neither too much exaggeration nor absolute explicitness is fit for humor B. 过分夸张或绝对直

62、白都不适合幽默C. people should perfect the art of humor just as the bubble blower does to the bubbles C. 人们应该像吹肥皂泡的人对肥皂泡一样完善幽默的艺术D. humor should make people frantic for a while D. 幽默应该使人疯狂一段时间【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段，倒数第四句提到“幽默有点像这样（like that）：它经不起过分夸张，也经不起过多的直截了当”，由like that可以推断，这里是与上文的吹肥皂泡机的描述进行类比，所以作

63、者以吹肥皂泡机为例，是为了说明幽默既不适合过分夸张也不适合直截了当，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“产生幽默需要技巧”没有提到，无中生有；C选项“人们应该像吹肥皂泡的人对肥皂泡一样完善幽默的艺术”不符合原文分析，曲解原文；D选项“幽默应该使人疯狂一段时间”没提到，无中生有。13.【选项释义】13. According to the author, humorists differ from ordinary people in the sense that _. 13. 根据作者的说法，幽默家与普通人的不同之处在于_。A. they give vent to their sorrows in a laugh