2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第90期

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1、2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following into English.有些人把读书当作疲劳工作中的一种休息，并不是读一本书就预先想定读它要派何种用场，即“不为什么而读”。但日积月累，确实可以长知识、广见闻、有效益。经过长期积累目前中国己成为全球第二大经济体和全球第一贸易大囯、全球第一外汇储备国，具备了对外输出资本的实力。【答案】Some people regard reading as a kind of rest during tiring work，and they have no idea of

2、 practical use for the books they are to read, i.e. they “read for no purpose” at all. But gradually one can benefit from reading, expanding their knowledge.China has become the second largest economy, the first trading power as well as thefirst foreign exchange reserves in the world and had the str

3、ength of outputting capital external after a long terms accumulation.2. 问答题Yet to have a family nowadays (A) with birth control readily available, and (B) inflation a good economic argument against having childrenis nearly an expression of ambition itself. Though ambition was once (C) the domain chi

4、efly of monarchs and aristocrats, it has, in more recent times, increasingly become the domain of the middle class. Working, saving, planningthese, the daily aspects of ambition have always been (D) the distinguished marks of a rising middle class.【答案】D；改成the distinguishing marks。distinguishing 有区别的

5、；distinguished卓越的，著名的。句意：工作,储蓄,雄心壮志的计划这些,每日方面一直是崛起的中产阶级的区分标志。3. 问答题To attract capital, small banks are always willing to raise their deposit rates to the higher end of A Bthe government-set band to attract capital, while big players usually keep their rates at a C Ddiscount of 10 percent.【答案】试题答案：B;

6、 upper end【解析】考查词义。higher end意为“高端”，表示等级、档次等较高的；upper end意为“上端”，the upper end government-set band此处表示“政府设置的上线值”。4. 问答题By about A. D. 500 the Mound Builder culture was declining, perhaps because of attacks from other tribes or perhaps because of severe climatic changes that undermined agriculture. To

7、 the west, another culture, based on intensive agriculture, was beginning to flourish. Its center was beneath present day St. Louis, and it radiated out to enclose most of the Mississippi watershed, from Wisconsin to Louisiana and Oklahoma to Tennessee. Thousands of villages were included in its orb

8、it. By about A. D. 700 this Mississippian culture, as it is known to archaeologists, began to send its influence eastward to transform the life of most of the less technologically advanced woodland tribes. Like the Mound Builders of the Ohio region, these tribes, probably influenced by Meso-American

9、 cultures through trade and commerce, built gigantic mounds as burial and ceremonial places. The largest of them, rising in four terraces to a height of one hundred feet, has a rectangular base of nearly fifteen acres, larger than that of the Great Pyramid of Egypt. Built between A. D. 900 and 1,100

10、, this huge earthwork faces the site of a cliffy Indian city which contained more than one hundred small artificial mounds marking burial sites. Spread among them was a vast settlement containing some 30,000 people by current estimations. The finely crafted ornaments and tools recovered at Cahokis,

11、as this center of Mississippi culture is called, include elaborate ceramics finely sculpted stonework, carefully embossed and engraved copper and mica sheets, and one funeral blanket fashioned from 12,000 shell beads. They indicate that Cahokia was a true urban center, with clustered housing, market

12、s, and specialists in tool-making, hide- dressing, potting, jewelry-making, weaving, and salt-making.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2. In relation to the Mississippian culture, the Mound Builder culture was located（ ）.3.From this passage, we can infer that Meso-American cultures had a trad

13、ition of （ ）.【答案】1.主旨大意题。文章以Mound Builder culture开头，进而引出对Mississippi Culture的介绍。试题答案：The passage mainly introduces the development and achievement of Mississippi Culture.2.推理怕断题。由文章开头中的“By about A. D. 500 the Mound Builder culture was declining . To the west, another culture”可知Mound Builder culture位

14、于东方。试题答案：in the east3.细节事实题。由文章中的“probably influenced by Meso-American cultures through trade and commerce”可推测 Meso-American cultures有商业贸易的传统。试题答案：trade and commerce5. 问答题There has been inverse relationship between household net worth and the personal saving rate, Aconsistent with the permanent inco

15、me hypothesis, under which household expenditures respond Bprincipally to changes in long-term wealth rather than short-term fluctuations in income. C D【答案】试题答案：D; of【解析】考查介词搭配。此处表示的是收入的短期波动，属于从属关系，用介词of。6. 翻译题Translate the following passage from English to ChineseNature contains the elements, in co

16、lor and form, of all pictures, as the keyboard contains the notes of all music.But the artist is born to pick, and choose; and group with science, these elements, that the result may be beautiful as the musician gathers his notes, and forms his chords, until he brings forth from chaos glorious harmo

17、ny.To say to the painter, that Nature is to be taken as she is, is to say to the player, that he may sit on the piano.The dignity of the snow-capped mountain is lost in distinctness, but the joy of the tourist is to recognize the traveler on the top. The desire to see, for the sake of seeing, is, wi

18、th the mass, alone the one to be gratified, hence the delight in detail.【答案】在色彩和形状方面，大自然包含所有的图画元素，如同键盘包含所有的音乐的音符一样。但是艺术家生来就有挑选和选择的能力，将它们巧妙地结合在一起，构成一幅美丽的图画，如同音乐家用声音谱成和音，从混乱无序的声音中创作出动听和谐的乐曲一样。对画家来说，他可以按照大自然本来的样子创作，就等同对演奏家说，他可以坐在钢琴 白雪皑皑的高山若是变得清晰可见就失去了它的威严，但观光者的快乐在于能看到山顶上的游客。对于大多数人，只是为了看见而要看见，只是为了使这个愿望得

19、到满足，因此，他们以能一睹细节为快。 7. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.Not long ago social media held out the promise of a more enlightened politics, as accurate information and effortless communication helped good people drive out corruption, bigotry (偏执)and lies. Yet Facebook acknowledged that befo

20、re and after 2016 American presidential election, 146 million users may have seen Russian misinformation on its platform. Far from bringing enlightenment, social media have been spreading poison. And, because of how they work, they wield extraordinary influence. They make their money by putting phot

21、os, personal posts, news stories and ads in front of you. They collect data about you in order to have algorithms (计算程序) to determine what will catch your eye, in an “attention economy” that keeps users scrolling, clicking and sharing again and again and again. Everyone who has scrolled through Face

22、book knows that, instead of imparting wisdom, the system dishes out compulsive stuff that tends to reinforce peoples biases.【答案】不久前，随着精准的信息和毫不费力的交流帮助好人挖出了腐败、赶走了偏执，击败了谎言，社会媒体展示了一个更加开明的政治的前景。然而，Facebook承认，在2016年美国总统大选前后，1.46亿用户可能在其平台上看到了俄罗斯的虚假信息。社交媒体非但没有带来启迪，反而在传播毒药。而且，由于他们的工作方式，他们具有非凡的影响力。他们通过在你面前放照片

23、、个人帖子、新闻故事和广告来赚钱。他们收集关于你的数据，以便在一个让用户不断滚动、点击和分享的“注意力经济”中，有算法来决定什么会吸引你的眼球。每个浏览过Facebook的人都知道，这个系统并没有传授智慧，而是发布一些强迫性的东西，这些东西往往会强化人们的偏见。8. 写作题Milton Mizner once said, “A good listener is not only popular everywhere, but after a while he gets to know something.”Listening is not the simple thing it seems t

24、o be. Listening is participating in at least five important ways. You are a good listener if 1. you can “see” an idea when you hear it. 2. you can distinguish between essential points and details. 3. you can distinguish between facts and opinions. 4. you can distinguish between information and persu

25、asion. 5. and if you can then make up your own mind about what has been said. You are to write a composition of 150 words or so about the power of listening. You should write according to the outline given below. Please write your composition neatly and clearly on your answer sheet.Topic: The Power

26、of ListeningOutlineI evaluate your listening powerII justify the need to improve listening power educationally, socially, politically, nationally and internationallyIII draw a natural conclusionMarks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the instruc

27、tions may result in a loss of marks.【答案】Listening is one of the most important skills one can possess. As for me, I listen to obtain information, to understand and to learn. I prefer reductive listening, which helps me reduce everything down to what is relevant and discard everything thats not relev

28、ant. That means when I communicate with others, I prefer to listen with purpose. I can always get my answer after conversation. From my point of view, the power of listening is that you make a conscious effort to hear not only the words that another person is saying, but more importantly, try to und

29、erstand the complete message being sent. I will illustrate my point from following aspects.In class, it is significant for both teacher and students to actively listen. Listen to the questions of students may help teacher find an efficient way to improve teaching skill and listen to the key informat

30、ion that teacher delivered could help students gain abundant knowledge. In society, listening is also an indispensable way to promote mutual understanding and trust. The two countries enjoy firm and friendly relations if active listening is conducted. For example, result from listening to each other

31、 and offering timely help, China and Pakistan enjoy traditional friendship. On the other side, America failed to listen to the appeal and suggestions of China, the trade disputes would never cease.In a word, listening is a crucial skill that needs to be learned and practiced from all aspects of our

32、daily life.9. 翻译题Translate the following Chinese sentences into English.由于消费支出占国家总产出的大约三分之二，所以恢复消费者信心是格林斯潘和国会的 当务之急。许多美国企业，尤其是飞机和其他髙价值工业的机械和设备制造商坚持认为，这些法规 对抵制欧盟实施的经WT0批准的出口增值税退税来说是必要的。当一个WT0成员国政府就某一争端提出投诉而且该投诉政府认为其利益正受到另一成员政府行为的损害吋，争端解决机构(DSB)才了解到该事件。在过去五年里，欧洲的商业及企业环境也发生了可观的变化；私募股权投资公司已经成为新的投资来源，它的出

33、现提高了就业率，同吋也创造了新的价值。韦尔奇并非出身富贵之门，也决非一夜成名，他是靠自己的奋斗脱颖而出。【答案】Because the consumption expense takes up about two thirds of the whole nations gross output, its urgent for Greenspan and the parliamentary to recover the consumption confidence.Many American industries, especially the manufacturers of the air

34、industry and other high-interest machinery and equipment industries, insist that these rules be essential to resist the drawback of export value-added tax issued by the EU and sanctified by WTO.Only when a member government of WTO appeals to certain dispute and complains that its interest is being u

35、ndermined by another member government, will the DSB get to know the issue.In the past five years, considerable changes have taken place in the European business and industry environment; the private stock equity corporations, whose appearance increased the employment rate and created new wealth, ha

36、ve become the new source of investment.Welch was not born rich, nor did he become famous overnight. He outstood by his own striving.10. 翻译题Translate the following passage from Chinese into English美国的一位顶尖心理学家说，如果人们关注于六个具体要素就会感到幸福。这六个要素分别是：活在当下（M）,有好奇心（C），做喜欢的事（L）,为他人着想（T）,培养关系（N）,照顾身体（B）。公式就是：感觉很棒=（活

37、在当下x16+好奇心+做喜欢的事x2）+（为他人着想x5+培养关系x2+照顾身体x33）。弗吉尼亚州乔治梅森（Mason）大学的托徳-卡什丹博士（Dr Todd Kashdan）对英国人 幸福程度的全国性研究结果进行了评价。他说：“感觉幸福没有单一的诀窍，但当这六种成分都添加进来并正确配比后，你就会感觉人生很幸福。这六种成分的每一种都需要付出一点努力，你只要知道你的努力会给你带来极大的回报。”委任这次研究的整形外科手术营销总监史蒂芬泰勒（Stephen Tayler）说：“我们无比高兴 地看到与卡什丹博士的合作创建了幸福感的真正公式：我们希望幸福公式将继续帮助提振精祌，让全英国人民的脸上都有笑

38、容。”【答案】If people focus on the six specific factors identified, they will feel good, according to a top US psychologist. The factors are live in the moment (M), be curious (C), do something you love (L), think of others (T), nurture relationships (N), and care of your body (B). And the formula is Fee

39、ling Good = (MxI6 + C + Lx2) + (Tx5 + Nx2 + Bx33)。Dr Todd Kashdan, of George Mason University in Virginia, reviewed the results of nationwide research into how British feel. He said: “There is no single secret to feeling good, but when these six ingredients are carefully attended to, in the right do

40、ses, you will be on target for a happy life. “Each of the ingredients requires a bit of work. Just know that your hard work will lead to the greatest rewards possible.”Steven Taylor, marketing director of Transform Cosmetic Surgery, who commissioned the research, said: “We couldnt be more pleased th

41、at the partnership with Dr Kashdan led to the creation of an actual formula to Feel Good, We hope that the Feel Good Formula will continue to help boost spirits and put a smile on faces across the UK.”11. 问答题Whenever you see an old film, you cant help being struck by the appearance of the women taki

42、ng part.Their hair styles and make-up look date: their skirts look either too long or too short; A Btheir general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. C D【答案】试题答案：B; dated【解析】考查形容词辨析。由“their skirts look either too long or too short”可知此处指的是不好的，look表示“看起来”的意思，后面接形容词，dated意为“过时的”。12. 单选题Contrary

43、 to the opinion of the committee members, the chairman insisted on appointing A Bwhomever he thought could do the job the most adequately. C D问题1选项A.Contrary toB.onC.whomeverD.the most adequately【答案】C【解析】考查关系代词。句中的“he though”可以看做是一个插入语，从句中缺少主语，因此用whoever引导宾语从句。试题答案：C; whoever13. 翻译题Translate the fol

44、lowing passage from English into ChineseIt is not difficult to imagine a world short of ambition. It would probably be a kinder world: without demands, without abrasions, without disappointments. People would have time for reflection. Such work as they did would not be for themselves but for the col

45、lectivity. Competition would never enter in, conflict would be eliminated, tension become a thing of the past. The stress of creation would be at an end. Art would no longer be troubling, but purely celebratory in its functions. Longevity would be increased, for fewer people would die of heart attac

46、k or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor. Anxiety would be extinct. Time would stretch on and on, with ambition long departed from the human heart.There is a strong view that holds that success is a myth, and ambition therefore a sham. Does this mean that success does not really exist? That achieve

47、ment is at bottom empty? That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of movements and events?That not all success, obviously, is worth esteeming, nor all ambition worth cultivating?【答案】一个缺少抱负的世界会是什么样的，这不难想象。它可能会是一个更友好的世界：没有欲望，没有摩擦，没有失望。人们将有时间进行反思。他们所做的工作并不是为了他们自己，而是为

48、了集体。竞争将永远不会出现，冲突将会消除，紧张局面将成往事。产生的压力将会结束。艺术将不再煞费苦心，它的作用纯粹是为了庆祝。人的寿命将会更长，因为由激烈拼争引起的心脏病和中风所导致的死亡将减少。焦虑将会消失。时光飞逝，而抱负早已远离人心。有一种流行的观点认为，成功是一种神话，因此抱负是虚无缥缈的。这是否意味着成功并不真实存在？成就最终都是徒劳的？男性与女性的努力，以及政治运动与重大历史事件的力量，都是毫无意义的吗？显然，并不是所有的成功都值得敬仰，也不是所有的抱负都值得追求？14. 翻译题Translate the following passage from Chinese into Eng

49、lish人皆生而为新，为前所未有之所存在：人皆生而能赢。人皆有其特立独行之方式去审视，聆听，触摸，品味及思考，因而都具备独特潜质，能力和局限。人皆能举足轻重，富有创意，成就功业。“成者”与“败者”含义颇多。谈及成者我们并非指的是使他人失败的人。对我们而言，成者必为人守信，值得信赖，有求必应，态度诚恳，或为个人，或为社会一员皆能以真诚回应他人。成者敢于利用所学，独立思考，区分事实与观点，且并不佯装通晓所有答案，他们倾听，权衡他人意见，但能得出自己的结论。尽管他们尊重，敬佩他们，但并不为他们所局限，所束缚，也不对他人敬若神灵。【答案】Each human being is born as some

50、thing new, something that never existed before. Each is born with the capacity to win at life. Each person has a unique way of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and thinking. Each has his or her own unique potentials, capabilities and limitations. Each can be a significant and creative being, as we

51、ll as be a winner.The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member

52、of a society.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others; evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other

53、 people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.15. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph into English.中国始终秉持人类命运共同体理念，肩负大国担当，同其他国家并肩作战、共克时艰。中国本着依法、公开、透明、负责任态度，第一时间向国际社会通报疫情信息，毫无保留同各方分享防控和救治经验。中国对疫情给各国人民带来的苦难感同身受，尽己所能向国际社会提供人道主义援助，支持全球抗击疫情。【答案】Having forged the idea that the

54、 world is a global community of shared future, and believing that it must act as a responsible member, China has fought shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the world. In the spirit of openness, transparency, responsibility and in accordance with the law, China has kept the international community

55、informed of the epidemic as soon as possible, and shared without reserve its experience in containing the spread of the virus and treating the infected. China has great empathy with victims all over the world, and has done all it can to provide humanitarian aid in support of the international commun

56、itys endeavors to stem the pandemic.16. 问答题(A) Define ambition and you instantly (B) reveal a great deal about yourself: Even that most neutral of works, Websters, in its Seventh New Collegiate Edition, (C) gives itself off, (D) defining ambition first and foremost as “an ardent desire for rank, fam

57、e and power.”【答案】C；改成gives itself away17. 问答题The most (A) acute challenges (B) facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those (C) involved humankinds struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the (D) sustainability of life on earth.【答案】C；“involv

58、ed” 改为 “involving”。【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：未来面临的最严峻的挑战可能不仅是人与人之间的竞争，而且是涉及到人类努力保护环境和确保地球上生命的可持续性的挑战。句中“those”指代上文提到的“challenges”，“involved”过去分词作后置定语表被动，而“those”和“involve”之间是主动关系，所以将“involved”改为“involving”。18. 问答题Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laughs

59、. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid（1）humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great

60、 many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter,（2 ） turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comi

61、c stereotypes have universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplins early films.The little man（3） odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, “Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed（4） the same way.” A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may