2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷54（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Its apparent that the wooden bridge is not strong enough to（ ）the weight of a lorry.问题1选项A.retainB.sustainC.obtainD.maintain【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retain“保持”；B选项sustain“维持，支撑，承受”；C选项obtain“获得，流行”；D选项maintain“维持，继续”。句意：很明显，这座木桥不够坚固，承受不了一辆卡车的重量。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题Everyone

2、 has a legal （ ）to provide the tax office with details of their earnings.问题1选项A.refinementB.constrictionC.obligationD.impulsion【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项refinement“改进，改善”；B选项constriction“收缩，压缩”；C选项obligation“义务，职责”；D选项impulsion“冲动”。句意：每个人都有法律义务向税务局提供他们收入的详细情况。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Wealthy nations have fallen far b

3、ehind on their aid（ ）to the worlds poor.问题1选项A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项commitment“承诺，保证”；B选项engagement“约会，诺言”；C选项responsibility“责任，职责”；D选项application“应用，申请”。句意：富裕国家在对援助世界穷国的责任方面远远落后。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two

4、-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, not a presidents social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has

5、 risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content started by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the Universi

6、ty of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of yo

7、ung people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibilities for educating themselves and

8、actively seeking out opposing view-points,” the survey concluded.Such activity research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the university of Wisconsin-Madison found that young peoples reliance on social media led to greater political enga

9、gement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group fo

10、und the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,”, more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to

11、share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief as Barna Group.So, when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in th

12、inking skillsand in their choices on when to share on social media.1.According to the Paragraph 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on（ ）.2.According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people（ ）.3.The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is （ ）.4.Which of the foll

13、owing would be the best title for the text?问题1选项A.the justification of the new-filtering practiceB.peoples preference for social media platformsC.the administrations ability to handle informationD.social media as a reliable source of news问题2选项A.tend to voice their opinions in cyberspaceB.verify news

14、 by referring to diverse resourcesC.have a strong sense of responsibilityD.like to exchange views on “distributed trust”问题3选项A.readers outdated valuesB.journalists biased reportingC.readers misinterpretationD.journalist made-up stories问题4选项A.A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online.B.A Coun

15、teraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend.C.The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.D.The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据首段最后一句可知，千禧一代更希望白宫的新闻通过其他来源而不是总统的社交媒体平台透漏出来。紧接着在第二段给出了原因，人们逐渐对所有的媒体丧失了信任。根据牛津大学的统计，在2016年美国总统竞选期间，推特用户分享的近四分之一的网络内容是

16、虚假新闻。由此可知，社交媒体不是可靠的新闻来源。选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Knight Foundation”定位到第三段二、三句“A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those that are

17、 open about any bias. 奈特基金会针对14岁至24岁的年轻人进行的一项焦点小组调查发现，他们使用“分布式信任”来验证新闻。他们反复核对消息来源，喜欢从不同的角度看新闻尤其是那些对偏见持开放态度的新闻。”由此可知，选项B“通过参考不同的来源去核实消息”符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Barna survey”定位到第五段第三句“A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,”, m

18、ore so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. 巴纳研究集团的一项调查发现，美国人认为假新闻现象的主要原因是“读者错误”，而不是编造的故事或报道中的事实错误。”由此可知，选项C正确。4.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，原文首先提出年轻人对社交平台的不信任，是因为虚假新闻的泛滥，因此人们开始加强他们的媒体素养技能。下文则主要是围绕这一中心思想展开的讨论，所以选项A最能概括全文。5. 单选题Many private institutions of higher education around the country are

19、 in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to same them simply because they exist.But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fi

20、ne job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with now way to reduce rising cost or increase revenues significantly. Raising tuition doesnt bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up

21、. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.It

22、 is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Effects to save them and preferably to keep them private, are national necessities. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently be

23、tter than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we sup

24、port schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good . Ardent supporters of public higher education know the importanc

25、e of sustaining private higher education.1.In the authors opinion, schools are bad business because of （ ）.2.The author used the phrase “go under” in the third paragraph to mean （ ）.3.We have reasonably conclude from the passage that the author made an appeal to the public in order to support（ ）.4.W

26、hich of the following is not mentioned?问题1选项A.mismanagementB.too few studentsC.too many studentsD.the nature of schools问题2选项A.get into difficultiesB.have low enrollmentC.have low tuitionD.bring in more money问题3选项A.public institutionsB.private schoolsC.uniformity of educationD.equality of education问题

27、4选项A.High-quality private schools deserve to be saved.B.If the tuition is raised, the enrollment goes down.C.There are many cases that public schools are better than private schools.D.Private schools have more money than public schools.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。从文章第二段倒数第三句Schools are bad b

28、usinesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise. 可知，不论是公立还是私立，经营学校都是一件失败的生意，这不总是因为管理不善，而是因为办企业的本质。再根据文章下一句“They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. 学校在每一位消费者身上

29、都会赔钱，太少或者太多的生源都会迫使学校走向破产。所以说学校是一桩赔本的买卖是由学校的本质所决定的。D选项正确。2.判断推理题。根据文章第三段前两句 “It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. 正是这样的大学，欣欣向荣却岌岌可危，我担心入学率低并不是他们的首要问题。即使是全额注册，他们也可能会倒闭。”确定第三段讲述的是学校是如何入不敷出、经

30、营不善的。A选项符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段倒数第五句和倒数第二句“In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. 在一个不完美的社会里，多样化是一件积极的好事。公共机构将占主导地位，这是不可避免的，因此多样化是国家的需要。”确定作者并不倾向于哪一种性质的学校，他提倡的是教育的多样性，即教育的平等

31、性。D选项符合题意。4.判断推理题。从第一段第二、三句 “Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. 不是每一所学校都能被拯救，也不是每一所学校都值得呗拯救。质量低劣的学校就像经营不善的生意一样存在着。” 推断A选项只有那些办学质量高的学校才值得被拯救正确；根据文章第二段第三句“for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment

32、goes down因为每一次伴随着学费的升高，入学率 就会下降”推断B选项如果学费上涨，入学率就会下降。正确。再根据文章第三段第四、五、六句“There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. 没

33、有理由说私立学校天生就比公立学校好，相反的例子比比皆是。任何人都能说出美国和世界上最好的州立大学和学院的名字。”推断C选项有的公立学校的办学质量好于私立学校正确；D选项说私立学校比公立学校更有钱的说法文章中没有提到。所以本题选D。6. 单选题The prime ministers proposal for new taxes created such a(an) （ ）that his government fell.问题1选项A.sensationB.upheavalC.withdrawalD.outbreak【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项sensation“轰动”；B选项upheav

34、al“动乱，剧变”；C选项 withdrawal“撤退”；D选项outbreak“爆发”。句意：首相的新税提案造成了如此大的动荡，以至于他的政府垮台了。根据下文的内容可知，选项B更符合语境。7. 单选题The doctor told the students that a(n) （ ） disease was one that could be passed from one person to another.问题1选项A.effectiveB.infectiousC.coherentD.inherent【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项effective“有效的，起作用的”；B选项in

35、fectious“传染的”；C选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；D选项inherent“固有的，内在的”。句意：医生告诉学生传染病是一种可以从一个人传染给另一个人的疾病。infectious disease意为“传染病”，所以选项B正确。8. 单选题Despite warnings from his parents and teacher, Stevenson is （ ）to computer games.问题1选项A.activatedB.adheredC.addictedD.appealed【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项activate to“激活”；B选项adhere to

36、“坚持，依附”；C选项addict to“沉迷于”；D选项appeal to“呼吁，吸引”。句意：尽管父母和老师已经警告过他，但史蒂文森仍然沉迷于电脑游戏。选项C符合语境。9. 单选题There are several possible explanation for the greater job（ ）in Japan in contrast to the great job mobility in the United State.问题1选项A.sensitivityB.creativityC.stabilityD.security【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项sensitivit

37、y“敏感性”；B选项creativity“创造性”；C选项stability“稳定性”；D选项security“安全性”。句意：日本工作的稳定性和美国工作的流动性形成对比，对此有几种可能的解释。根据下文的关键词“mobility”可知，选项C正确。10. 单选题The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster

38、. The over development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or

39、depression. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm

40、 in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion

41、that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way of defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves

42、and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. Th

43、is is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting usand the worldis a crisis that is no passing inconvenience , no by product of the ambitions of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists mere fears, no by product of any present

44、system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the

45、 worlds children and future generation.1.Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities?2.The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our present situation is（ ）.3.According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality?4.By comparing past problems wi

46、th present ones, the author draws attention to the（ ） .问题1选项A.Lack of financial planning.B.The breakup of the family.C.Natural disasters in many regions.D.The excessive growth of motors.问题2选项A.a continuation of our present serious stateB.worldwide resources exploitation and energy useC.a movement fo

47、rward to a new norm to planet research workD.a state where long-range planning is essential to us问题3选项A.Disregard for law.B.Lack of devotion.C.Lack of cooperation.D.Exploitation of resources.问题4选项A.significance of this crisisB.inadequacy of governmentsC.similarity of the past to the presentD.hopeles

48、sness of the situation【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“The over development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. 汽车运输的过度发展，伴随着更多的汽车，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊区，更多的通勤

49、，已经导致了我们城市的几乎毁灭。”由此可知，导致城市几乎毁灭的是汽车运输的过度发展。选项D选项汽车的过度增长为正确答案。2.细节事实题。从文中第二段的内容和第二句结尾“long range planning is essential长期规划是必不可少的”，推知D项一个长期规划对我们至关重要的状态为正确答案。3.细节事实题。从文中第三段第二句“There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devot

50、ion of allIn the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly有一种强烈的要求，要求道德复兴和一些足够广泛但又足够个人的奉献，以争取所有人的奉献。在过去，只有在某种程度上，为了保卫自己的国家和自己的理想，人们才能够全心全意地奉献自己。”由此可知“Lack of devotion”正确，即B项为正确答案。4.判断推理题。从文中的

51、内容推知，作者通过对过去和现在的问题的比较，是想使人们认识到能源危机的重要性，即A项为正确答案。11. 单选题The train came to a/an （ ） stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.问题1选项A.hastyB.incidentalC.swiftD.abrupt【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项hasty“草率的，匆忙的”；B选项incidental“偶然的”；C选项swift“迅速的，敏捷的”；D选项abrupt“突然的”。句意：火车突然停了下来，许多乘客从座位上摔了下来。选项D更符合语境。12. 单选题Wh

52、en Steven finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, everyone present was（ ）.问题1选项A.smuggledB.startledC.appealedD.stabilized【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项smuggle“走私，偷运”；B选项startle“使惊奇，使吓一跳”；C选项appeal“呼吁”；D选项stabilize“使稳固，使安定”。句意：当史蒂文30天后终于从山洞里出来时，在场的人都吓了一跳。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题When you prepare for your speech,

53、be sure to cite（ ） qualified sources of information and examples.问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。A选项unbiased“公正的，无偏见的”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项distorted“扭曲的”；D选项conveyed“传达”。句意：当你准备你的演讲时，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息来源和例子。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题Most of the rubbish that we usually（ ）of can be

54、recycled.问题1选项A.disposedB.dischargeC.dispatchD.dissolve【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项dispose“处理，安排”；B选项discharge“释放”；C选项dispatch“派遣”；D选项dissolve“溶解”。句意：我们通常处理的大部分垃圾都可以回收利用。选项A更符合语境。15. 翻译题In this section , there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER

55、 SHEET.Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to

56、 a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations -trucking, financial advice, software engineering-have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots

57、, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites(反对技术进步者）whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms , but it eventually raised living standards and created mo

58、re jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.Technology will improve society in ways big or small o

59、ver the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.【答案】在中产阶级面临的诸多恼人挑战中，有一个很可能在下届总统竞选中会被忽视：当机器人来抢饭碗时会发生什么?

60、不要完全排除这种可能性。牛津大学的一项研究显示，美国约有一半的工作面临着被自动化取代的高风险，中产阶级受到了不成比例的挤压。像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没有吸引力。但许多中产阶级的职业-卡车运输、金融咨询、软件工程-已经引起了他们的兴趣，或者很快就会引起他们的兴趣。富人拥有机器人，所以他们会没事的。这不是危言耸听。乐观主义者指出，技术变革在过去曾使工人受益。工业革命对反对技术进步者来说并不那么顺利，他们的工作被机械化的织布机取代了，但工业革命最终提高了生活水平，创造的就业岗位比被摧毁的要多。同样，自动化最终应该会提高生产率，通过压低价格来刺激需求，让工人从繁重、乏味的工作中解脱出来。但

61、从中期来看，中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助来进行调整。未来几年，技术将大大小小的改善社会，但对于那些发现自己的生活和事业被自动化颠覆的人来说，这并不是什么安慰。摧毁那些为我们工作而来的机器将是疯狂的。但帮助工人适应的政策将是不可或缺的。16. 单选题As a lawyer（ ）for his good judgment and eloquence, he is often invited to those grand banquets and meets those distinguished people from all circles.问题1选项A.notoriousB.notableC.

62、nastyD.notified【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B选项notable“显著的，著名的”；C选项nasty“极差的，恶意的”；D选项notified“通知”。句意：作为一个以良好的判断力和口才著称的律师，他经常被邀请参加那些盛大的宴会，会见来自各界的杰出人士。选项B符合句意。17. 单选题After his recovery from illness, he is determined to（ ）hat he had been doing to attain the goal.问题1选项A.assumeB.consumeC.presumeD.resume【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项assume“承担”；B选项consume“消耗，挥霍”；C选项presume“假定，推测”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始，继续”。句意：他病好后，决心继续为实现目标而努力。选项D符合语境。18. 单选题It makes me（ ）when people dont listen, and then ask silly questions.问题1选