2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷48（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题What type of automobile would you buy（ ）?问题1选项A.if you have free choice to choose the cars available todayB.If you are free to choose among all the cars available todayC.If all cars available was free to be chosen by youD.If you were free to choose among all

2、 the cars available today【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据题干主句What type of automobile would you buy，得知if引导的条件状语从句要用虚拟语气。主语谓语形式是would+动词原形，句子是对现在的虚拟。If条件状语从句应该用动词的过去式(be动词用were而不用was)，所以D选项符合题意。句意：如果你可以在所有的汽车中自由选择，你会买什么类型的汽车？因此，本题的正确选项是D选项。2. 单选题It is（ ）to expect an adult reaction from a child.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.e

3、ffectiveC.irrationalD.farcical【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项effective“有效的，实际的”；C选项irrational“不合理的”；D选项farcical“滑稽的，闹剧的，引人发笑的”。句意：指望一个孩子做出成年人的反应是不合理的。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。3. 单选题Whether you are logging on to your personal computer, using a credit card, or disarming a door security system,

4、passwords or PINs (personal identification numbers) guard access to numerous regular operations.It is estimated that within ten years, consumers could be faced with handling more than 100 passwords! Given the popularity of passwords, how can you choose ones that are sufficiently complicated to be se

5、cure yet are simple enough to remember?There are basic guidelines to bear in mind. Dont use as a password your name or that of a member of your family, even in modified form. Also avoid using your telephone number, your Social Security number, or your address. Such information can easily be obtained

6、 by a determined hacker.In addition, if possible, dont use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits. A relatively simple computer program can crack such a code quickly. Finally, do not use a word that can be found in any dictionary, even a foreign-language one. Huge lists are available that c

7、ontain words, place names, and proper names from all languages. Programs can test for variations of these words, such as if they are spelled backward, capitalized, or combined.So, what kinds of passwords should be used? Usually ones that have a minimum of six to eight characters and that have a mixt

8、ure of upper-and lower-case letters, digit and punctuation symbols. How difficult is it to crack such a combination of characters? One source says, “A machine that could try one million passwords per second would require, on the average, over one hundred years.”How can you choose a combination that

9、is easy to remember? Some suggest that you take the title of a favorite book or film or a line from a song or poem and use the first letter from each word as your password, adding capital letters, punctuation, or other characters. For example, “to be or not be” could become “2B/not 2B.”Other suggest

10、ions include taking two short words and link them with a punctuation character, such as “High? Bug” or “Song; Tree”.Taking into account the suggestions outlined above can help you to protect important information from unwanted hackers. Remember, too, the importance of changing your passwords regular

11、ly. Just a final comment: Whatever passwords you decide to use, dont pick any of the examples given above.1. What is the main idea of this passage?2. Why shouldnt we use a word that can be found in any dictionary as a password?3. If you are choosing a password for your computer, which of the followi

12、ng is the best choice?4. How can you choose a password that is both secure and simple to remember?5. The word “Given” in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.How to strengthen security through a password.B.How to choose a password that is easy to remember.C.How to prevent your password from

13、 being cracked.D.How to choose a safe and convenient password.问题2选项A.Because it can be easily remembered by a computer hacker.B.Because computer programs can crack it.C.Because computer hackers are determined to crack it.D.Because the lists are so huge that the words are not easy to remember.问题3选项A.

14、iaHgnahsB.19730508C.2B/not 2BD.Re-B, pl2问题4选项A.Taking the title of your favorite book or film.B.Taking a line from a song or poem you like best.C.Making up a nonsensical word which cannot be found in any dictionary.D.Using two short words linked with a punctuation character.问题5选项A.FixedB.GrantedC.Su

15、pposedD.Presented【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干：这篇文章的主旨是？这文章全文是关于“密码”。文章第一段就出现了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨，如何选择既安全又简单易记的密码。后面的内容对这个问题做出了回答，所以选项D“如何选择一个安全方便的密码”正确。A选项“如何通过密码加强安全性”，是文章第五段的主要内容。B选项“如何选择一个容易记住的密码”，是文章第六段的主要内容。C选项“如何防止你的密码被破解”，是文章第三，四段的主要内容。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。2.事实细节题。题干：为什么我们不能用

16、一个在任何字典里都能找到的词作为密码呢?由题干定位到第四段第三、四、五句话Finally, do not use a word that can be found in any dictionary, even a foreign-language one. Huge lists are available that contain words, place names, and proper names from all languages. Programs can test for variations of these words, such as if they are spelle

17、d backward, capitalized, or combined.（最后，不要使用任何词典中都能找到的词，即使是外语词典。巨大的列表是可用的，包含单词，地名，和来自所有的语言的专有名称。比较简单的计算机程序能够很快地破译这类密码，比如它们是倒写、大写还是组合。），所以本题B选项“因为计算机程序可以破解它”，符合题意。A选项“因为电脑黑客很容易记住它”，是因为容易被破解所以不能用，并没有提到是否容易记忆，A选项排除。C选项“因为电脑黑客会下定决心破解它”，文章提到是有程序可以破解，而不是黑客会下决心破解，所以C选项不符合题意。D选项“因为单词表是如此之大以至于单词不容易记住”，在文中并没

18、有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。3.推理判断题。如果你正在为你的电脑选择一个密码，以下哪个是最好的选择?根据第四段第一句话In addition, if possible, dont use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits.（另外，如果可能的话，不要使用完全由字母或数字组成的密码。），可排除A和B选项。这篇文章的最后一句讲到Just a final comment: Whatever passwords you decide to use, dont pick any of the examples given abov

19、e.（无论你决定选择什么密码，不要采用上面提到的任何一个例子。），而C选项正是文章所给的例子，所以排除。所以只有D选项，有不同种类的符号、数字、横线等的组合，才是最好的选择。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。4.推理判断题。题干：如何选择既安全又容易记忆的密码呢？根据文章第七段Other suggestions include taking two short words and link them with a punctuation character（还有建议就是使用两个简短的单词，并用标点符号将它们连接起来），可知D选项“用两个简短的单词连上一个标点符号”，符合题意。根据文章第六段第二

20、句Some suggest that you take the title of a favorite book or film or a line from a song or poem and use the first letter from each word as your password, adding capital letters, punctuation, or other characters.（有人建议你用最喜欢的书或电影的标题，或一首歌曲或一首诗的台词，把每个单词的首字母作为你的密码，加上大写字母、标点符号或其他字符。），可知，A选项“选你最喜欢的书或电影的名字”和B

21、选项“从你最喜欢的歌或诗中选取一句”，都不全面，选择书或者电影名字会容易被程序破解，所以B，C都不正确。C选项“编了一个在任何字典里都找不到的无意义的词”，随便编出来的没有意义的词会很容易忘记，所以C选项排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5.推理判断题。题干：第二段的“Given”，可以由单词_替代。由题干定位到第二段It is estimated that within ten years, consumers could be faced with handling more than 100 passwords! Given the popularity of passwords,

22、 how can you choose ones that are sufficiently complicated to be secure yet are simple enough to remember?（据估计，在10年内，消费者可能要处理100多个密码！考虑到密码的流行，你如何选择一个足够复杂的安全而又足够简单的记忆密码呢?），A选项“确定，固定”，B选项“授予，允许”，C选项“假定，设想”，D选项“提出，提供”。文章是对10年后情况的推测，所以应该选择C选项符合题意。4. 单选题On our way to Beijing, we visited Xian, a city of t

23、wo million（ ）, and stayed there for two days.问题1选项A.insectsB.humanC.inhabitantsD.flights【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项insect“昆虫，卑鄙的人”；B选项human“人，人类”；C选项inhabitant“居民，居住者”；D选项flight“飞行，班机”。句意：在去北京的途中，我们参观了有200万人口的城市西安，并在那里呆了两天。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。5. 单选题Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also s

24、atisfy a number of important practical（ ）.问题1选项A.obligationsB.regulationsC.observationsD.considerations【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项obligation“义务，债务”；B选项regulation“条例，规程”；C选项observation“观察”；D选项consideration“考虑，注意事项”。句意：建筑虽然具有艺术性，但它也必须满足一些重要的实用性考虑。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。6. 单选题Dont let such a（ ）matter as this come

25、between us so that we can concentrate on the major issue.问题1选项A.trivialB.partialC.slightD.minimal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的”，trivial matter是固定搭配，表示“琐事”；B选项partial“偏爱的，不公平的”；C选项slight“轻微的，少量的”；D选项minimal“最低的，最小限度的”。句意：不要让这件小事造成我们之间的障碍，以便我们能够将精力集中在主要的事情上。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。7. 单选题An Olympic M

26、arathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately（ ）from Marathon to Athens.问题1选项A.distanceB.the distance isC.the distanceD.is the distance【答案】B【解析】考查同位语。approximately the distance from Marathon to Athens是26 miles and 385 yards的同位语，因此C项“the distance”；为正确答案。这个距离特指从马拉松到雅典的距离，所以要加定冠词the，C正确，A排除。填入B，D选项逗

27、号后面都是一个完整的句子，但是approximately是一个副词，不可以连接两个句子，故排除。句意：奥林匹克马拉松是26英里385码，距离大约是从马拉松到雅典。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。8. 单选题Nancys gone to work but her car is still there. She（ ）by bus.问题1选项A.must have goneB.should have goneC.ought to have goneD.could have gone【答案】A【解析】虚拟语气。根据句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，后面应该是肯定的推测，南希一定是坐公交

28、去上班了。A选项must have gone“一定是”，表示对过去肯定的推测；B选项should have gone和C选项ought to have gone都表示“本来应该去而未去”；D选项could have gone表示“本来能够去而没去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。9. 单选题Laboratory tests gave conclusive（ ）that the meat presents no risk to human health.问题1选项A.possibilityB.newsC.proofD.fact【

29、答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项possibility“可能性，可能的事”；B选项news“新闻，信息”；C选项proof“证明，证据”；D选项fact“事实，实际”，句意：实验室测试提供了确凿的证据，证明这种肉类对人体健康没有危险。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。10. 单选题There has not been a great response to the sale,（ ）?问题1选项A.does thereB.hasnt thereC.hasnt itD.has there【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。含有there be结构的反义疑问句，如果陈述部分为there be结

30、构时，则疑问部分用be（not）there。例如：There is not much news，is there？本题用的是there be句型的完成时的否定形式，所以反义疑问句要用到完成时的肯定形式，即has there？句意：这次销售反响不太好，对吧？综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。11. 单选题Roberts is a noted chemist（ ）.问题1选项A.as well as an effective teacherB.and too a very efficient teacherC.but he teaches very good in additionD.howeve

31、r he teaches very good also【答案】A【解析】考查连词。A选项as well as“和一样，不但而且”，连接两个句子或者短语，例句：The girl is lively as well as healthy.(这女孩既健康又漂亮。），所以A选项正确；B选项and和too不连用，应该改为and a very efficient teacher too才正确；C选项but“但是”，表示转折，罗伯特是一个著名的化学家和很好的老师应该是并列关系，而不是转折，所以C选项排除，同理D选项however“然而”，也是表示转折，故排除。句意：罗伯特是一位著名的化学家，也是一位卓有成效

32、的老师。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。12. 单选题Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper（ ）it closely.问题1选项A.followedB.followingC.to followD.being followed【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。一般情况下，分词作状语时，应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系)，否则分词就必须有自己的主语或逻辑宾语，来构成“名词或代词+分词”的独立分词结构，用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。copper与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。由此可见，本

33、题的正确答案是B选项。copper following it closely是以现在分词following为中心的独立主格结构。（独立主格结构就是某一个非谓语动词短语，或名词性短语，或形容词性短语，或介词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是自己另带的一个逻辑主语。比如本句的主语是silver，但following的逻辑主语是copper。又如：He stood there, book in hand.中的介词短语in hand的逻辑主语是book而不是句子的主语he，所以book in hand为独立主格结构。）。句意：银是最好的导体，铜与之非常接近。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。13. 单

34、选题Reading（ ）the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.问题1选项A.rectifiesB.confirmsC.minimizesD.furnishes【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rectify“改正，精馏”，显然并非所有阅读都可以整顿人的思想；B选项confirm“确认，证实”，阅读证实思想也不对；C选项minimize“最小化，使最小化”，也不合题意；D选项furnish“提供，供应”，阅读只为思想提供了知识材料符合题意。句意：阅读虽为我们

35、的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们所读的内容变成自己的东西。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。14. 单选题The ideal companion machine the computer would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closel

36、y as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, and easygoing. Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to

37、know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intonate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friend

38、ships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process w

39、ould be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well

40、 come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that people obtain from interpersonal friendships. The machine would participate in interesting conversation that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the u

41、sers life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computers own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.

42、1. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ideal companion machine?2. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n)（ ）way.3. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?4. Throughout the passage, the author

43、is （ ）in his attitude towards the computer.5. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?问题1选项A.Active in communicationB.Attractive in personalityC.Enjoyable in performanceD.Unpredictable in behaviour问题2选项A.quickB.unpredictableC.productiveD.inconspicuous问题3选项A.Being able to pick up an

44、interesting conversation.B.Being sensitive to earlier contact.C.Being ready to learn about the persons life.D.Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.问题4选项A.favourableB.criticalC.vagueD.hesitant问题5选项A.Artificial relationshipsB.How to form intimate relationshipsC.The affectionate machineD.Humans

45、and computers【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：以下那个选项不是理想陪伴机器的特征？根据关键词“ideal companion machine”，可以定位到文章第一段，由第一段第三句话Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable（它随意的谈话风格会让互动变得舒适），可知A选项“积极地沟通”，符合题意；由第一段最后一句话it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or chang

46、ing the topic and would have a personality of its own.（它有时会主动开展或改变话题，并有自己的个性。），可知B选项“个性有吸引力”，符合题意；由第一段第二句话Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, and easygoing.（机器会尽可能地模仿那些使与他人互动变得愉快的品质，迷

47、人而又随和。），可知C选项“表现上使人愉悦”，符合题意。由第一段第三句话the machine would remain slightly unpredictable（机器行为可以预知），要注意限定词slightly“微小地”的使用。所以D选项“行为不可预知”，表述错误。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。2.事实细节题。题干：机器会以_的方式发展和人类的友情。由题干定位到文章第二段第三句话The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarit

48、y that would be likely to produce irritation.（整个过程将以一种微妙的方式完成，以避免给人留下过分熟悉的印象而产生愤怒。），可知友谊建立的过程是一个细微的、难以察觉的过程，所以D选项“难以察觉的，不引人注意的”，符合题意。A选项“迅速的”，B选项“不可预测的”，C选项“富有成效的”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3.事实细节题。题干：当文章讨论人工关系的好处时，下面哪个方面没有提到?由题干定位到文章最后一段，由最后一段第二句话The machine would participate in interesting conversat

49、ion that could continue from previous discussions.（机器会参与到一段有趣的对话中，接上之前的讨论），可知A选项“能接起一段有趣的对话”，是人工关系的好处之一；由最后一段倒数第二句话The computers own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user.（计算机本身个性活泼，令人印象深刻，它将根据用户的个性给予回应。），可知D选项“个性开朗、适应能力强”，符合题意；由最后一段第三句话It w

50、ould have a familiarity with the users life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored.（就像早期接触显示的那样，它对用户的生活有一种熟悉感，它也善解人意，幽默风趣。），可知C选项“学习人类的日常生活”，表述正确，而B选项“对之前的接触敏感”，表达的意思不符合，属于对这句话的断章取义，所以B选项不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。4.观点态度题。题干：在全文中，作者对计算机的态度是_。从文章最后一句With features suc

51、h as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.（有了这些功能，这台机器可能真的会成为一个非常有吸引力的社交伙伴。），可以看出作者对计算机的态度是赞许的，文章中也多次使用了褒义形容词:ideal, friendly, enjoyable, benefits, good-humored等等，所以本题应该选择A选项“赞许的”；B选项“批评的”，C选项“模糊的”，D选项“犹豫的”，都不是作者对计算机的态度。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。5.主旨大意题。题干：哪一个可能是这篇文章最合适的标题？

52、文章第一段表明电脑是理想的陪伴机器，与它交流会感到幽默轻松，它还能有自己的观点和建议。第二段文中提到了电脑会以一种不令人察觉的方式使人类接受这段友情。第三段提到电脑的人类的关系有各种各样的好处。综合整篇文章，可见电脑和人之间的友情，所以C选项“深情的机器”，比较贴合题意；B选项“如何形成亲密的关系”，整篇文章都在描述机器人和人类的关系，而B选项内容文章中没有涉及，所以排除。A选项“人工关系”和D选项“人类和电脑”，涉及的面广泛，文章没有全面说明。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。15. 单选题Jim had to（ ）all his skill（ ）to defeat his tennis o

53、pponent.问题1选项A.call into playB.call . to mindC.call to attentionD.call . into action【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项，没有call sth. into play的搭配，B选项call sth to mind“想起，记起”；C选项，没有call sth. to attention的搭配，call attention to sth.“提醒，唤起注意”D选项call sth. into action“将某事付诸行动”。句意：吉姆不得不使出浑身解数来击败他的网球对手。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。16.

54、单选题The government（ ）regulations that put this archeological site under protection.问题1选项A.dischargedB.releasedC.issuedD.published【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项discharge“准许（某人）离开，释放，排出”；B选项release“释放，发泄，免除”；C选项issue“发行，发布”；D选项publish“出版，发表，公布”。句意：政府颁布条例来保护这个考古遗址。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。17. 单选题Look, we are in such an

55、awful situation. Id rather you（ ）the data from the Internet yesterday.问题1选项A.hadnt downloadedB.didnt downloadC.werent downloadingD.havent downloaded【答案】A【解析】虚拟语气。would rather（宁愿）+宾语从句，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had+过去分词，故本题的正确答案是A选项。18. 单选题Traditionally, local midwives would（ ）all the babies in the a

56、rea.问题1选项A.handleB.produceC.deliverD.help【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项handle“处理”；B选项produce“生产”；C选项deliver“传送”；D选项help“帮助”。midwife是指“产婆，接生员”，deliver可以指接生（孩子），或者生孩子。句意：按照传统，当地的产婆接生这个地区的孩子。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。19. 单选题The idea of spending the rest of my life there never（ ）me.问题1选项A.approves toB.attracts toC.appall

57、s toD.appeals to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项approve to “批准，赞成”，B选项attract“吸引”，一般没有“attract to”这样的用法，可以用attract sb. to do sth.或者sb. is attracted to do sth.，C选项appall“使胆寒，使大吃一惊”，一般不和介词to搭配；D选项appeals to“呼吁，吸引，要求”。句意：在那里度过余生的想法从来没有吸引过我。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，D选项符合句意。20. 翻译题Translate the following text into English. Write

58、 your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.互联网是20世纪最重大的科技发明之一，将深刻地影响人类社会文明进程。目前，全世界网民数量达到30亿，普及率达到40%，全球范围内实现了网络互联、信息互通，世界真正变成了地球村。本次大会回应了国际社会的关切，对于推动全球互联网均衡、安全、可持续发展，更好发挥互联网在世界经济社会发展中的重要作用，促进各国人民共享互联网发展成果，增进人类福祉，具有十分重要的意义。【答案】The Internet, one of the most important scientific and technological invention

59、s of the 20th century, will have a profound impact on the progress of human civilization. At present, the number of Internet users around the world has reached 3 billion, and the Internet popularity rate has reached 40%. Internet connectivity and information exchange have been achieved around the wo

60、rld and the world has truly become a global village. This conference responds to the concerns of the international community and is of great significance for promoting the balance, secure and sustainable development of the global Internet, giving full play to the important role of the Internet in the worlds economic and social development, enabling people of all countries to share the fruits of Internet development and improving the well-being of mankind.