2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷92（附答案带详解）

《2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷92（附答案带详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷92（附答案带详解）（21页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题They are still in the （ ）stage between the old and new government.问题1选项A.transactionB.transplantingC.transitionalD.transforming【答案】C【解析】形近异义词词义辨析。transaction “交易”；transplanting“移植”；transitional “过渡期的”；transforming “转化，转变”。句意：他们还处在新政府到旧政府的过渡期。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The

2、word hospice is hundreds of years old. It comes to us from the time called the Middle Ages in Europe. Religious groups then provided hospice as a place where travelers could stay. Sometimes the groups also offered a place for the sick and the dying. Today the word hospice means more than a place. It

3、 means a way of caring for the dying. In the modem sense of the word, it means that, if possible, dying people can receive care at home during their last days； and the health-care workers do not try to lengthen the lives of the dying with modem medical equipment. Instead, care-givers make every effo

4、rt to control or stop the patients pain. It also means that patients get help for their emotional needs in addition to their physical needs.A British woman Cicely Saunders was the first major activist for hospice care in modem times. Cicely Saunders worked as a nurse in a hospital right after World

5、War II, where she met a man who was dying of cancer. Together they found ideas about the best possible treatment for people who would never get well again. They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to them. They planne

6、d a system that would allow dying people to be surrounded by the people and things they loved most. The dying man gave Cicely Saunders enough money to study to become a doctor. By 1967 Dr. Saunders had organized and opened St. Christophers Hospice in London.In 1974, after the Americas first hospice

7、started in New Haven, others followed suit in cities throughout the country. Organizers had a difficult job. They had to teach the public about the idea of hospice. They had to get money from companies, religious groups and citizens. And they had to negotiate with local governments to use public mon

8、ey to care for the dying. Thanks to their unyielding determination and painstaking efforts, hospice has grown in America. Dr. Jo Magno, the President of the National Hospice Organization, said that working with the dying occasionally made her sad. Yet she remembers the words of Dr. Cicely Saunders一“

9、We cannot add days to life, but we can add life to days. ”1.What is the original meaning the word “hospice”？2.In the modern sense of the word, hospice includes all of the following EXCEPT3.What did Cicely and the man talk about?4.How did Cicely Saunders complete her study?5.Which is a correct statem

10、ent about the early American hospice?问题1选项A.It was a place where the homeless old people were taken care of.B.It was a place where religious people lived.C.It was a place offered by churches for the travelers.D.It was a place where doctors treated patients.问题2选项A.a priest is invited to pray for the

11、dying.B.a dying patient is taken care of at his home.C.efforts are made to reduce the pain of the dying people.D.the psychological needs of the dying are considered and cared for.问题3选项A.How to advise the hospital to treat the dying patients.B.How to make arrangement for the patients who had no hope

12、of recovery.C.The meaningful activities for all patients to take part in.D.The kind of people that are allowed to visit the patients.问题4选项A.By working part-time.B.Be obtaining a fellowship.C.With the help of a mans money.D.Through her management of St. Christophers Hospice.问题5选项A.It was an immediate

13、 success as a result of the effort by Dr. Cicely.B.It was probably not easy to persuade companies to provide financial support.C.Many people readily accepted the new idea.D.Local governments forbade what they did.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“provided hospice as a place where tra

14、velers could stay”，hospice 是提供给旅客们休息的一个地方，选项C符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，病人会在垂死之前在家里受到照顾、减轻痛苦以及被给予心理和生理上的安慰，只有选项A并未提及，选项A符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段，“They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to them.”他们讨论了为那些将死的癌症病人治疗的最好的方法。选项B符合题意

15、。4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The dying man gave Cicely Saunders enough money to study to become a doctor.” 是病人给她捐钱让她学习，成为一名医生。选项C符合题意。5.信息推断题。根据文意，美国临终关怀医院是一件困难的事“ had a difficult job”，所以排除A。根据文章“they had to negotiate with the local government to use public money to care for the dying”，他们协商利用当地政府提供的公款来照顾这些垂死的病

16、人，所以政府并没有直接禁止临终关怀医院，排除选项D，文章最后一段中提到 “They had to teach the public about the idea of hospice”，他们需要向公众传授临终关怀这种理念，所以排除C选项，选项B符合题意。3. 单选题The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be（ ）by this device.问题1选项A.ignitedB.lightedC.firedD.inspired【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。ignite多用于指用火花使易燃物迅速燃烧起来；light指易燃物发光；fir

17、e指将某物点燃，使其燃烧；而inspire则强调灵感。句意：大陆导弹的燃料应该是由这个装置点燃的。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Mr. Smith became very（ ）when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词词义辨折。ingenious “有独创性的，机灵的”；empirical “经验主义的”；objective “客观的”；indignant “愤愤不平的”。句意：当被指出犯了错误时，史

18、密斯先生感到很气愤。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题The writer seems to（ ）between approving of Collins actions and finding them disgusting.问题1选项A.alterB.transformC.vacillateD.vibrate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。四个选项的意思分别是: alter更改； transform改变，改观； vacillate犹豫不定； vibrate振动，摆动。句意:作者似乎在赞成和否定柯林的行为之间举棋不定。 vacillate between意为“在之间摇摆不定”，根据句意可推出正确答

19、案是C。6. 单选题My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, （ ）I keep to this day.问题1选项A.and thusB.andC.soD.and which【答案】D【解析】考查语法。题目中有两个非限制性定语从句，第一个由which引导，先行词在定语从句中做主语，第二个也需用关系代词which，先行词在定语从句中做宾语，所以也不能省略，选项D符合题意。7. 单选题The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and descr

20、ibed and can be briefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This favorable ratio enhanced womens status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The Puritans, t

21、he religious sect that dominated the early British colonies in North America, regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made it absolutely necessary that each member of the community perform an economic function. Thus work for women, married or single, was not o

22、nly approved, it was regarded as a civic duty. Puritan town councils expected widows and unattached women to be self-supporting and for a long time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social sanction against married women working ； on the contrary, wives were expected to help

23、 their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. Needy children, girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their keep.The vast majority o women worked within their homes, where their labor produced most artic

24、les needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partially that of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women were found in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths, upholsterers. They tan mills,

25、plantations, tanyards, shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern, and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritan were （

26、）.3.According to the passage, what did the Puritans expect from married women?4.According to the passage, which products were made entirely by women?问题1选项A.Colonial marriages.B.The Puritan religion.C.Colonial womens employment.D.Education in the colonies.问题2选项A.uneducatedB.hardworkingC.generousD.wea

27、lthy问题3选项A.They should adopt needy children.B.They should assist in their husbands trade or business.C.They should work only within their own homes.D.They should be apprenticed.问题4选项A.Gunpowder and bullets.B.Cups and plates.C.Cloth and clothing.D.Paper and books【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章

28、第一段，殖民时期因为女性人数很少，所以对她们的社会地位和就业产生了有利影响，女性可以有自己的职业选择。所以文章主要是讨论女性的就业。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early British colonies in North America, regarded idleness as a sin,”，他们认为懒惰是一种罪恶，可是清教徒是勤劳的。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“wives were expected to help their husbands

29、 in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home.” 丈夫期待妻子可以在他们的领域内帮助他们，并且可以从事额外的行业。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partially that of shoes was in the hands of women.”可知，布料和服装都是女性亲手做的。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题The work in the off

30、ice was（ ） by a constant stream of visitors.问题1选项A.confusedB.hamperedC.reversedD.perplexed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confuse “使混乱，使困惑”；hamper “妨碍，束缚”；reverse “颠倒，倒转”；perplex “使困惑，使为难”。句意：办公室的工作被接连不断的来访人员妨碍了。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题The international Olympic Games, regarded as the world s most prestigious athletic compe

31、tition, take place once every the four years.问题1选项A.regardedB.prestigiousC.take placeD.the four years【答案】D【解析】固定短语错误，选项D应该是every four years “每四年”，句意：国际奥林匹克运动会，被认为是最著名的运动竞赛，每四年举办一次。选项D符合题意。10. 翻译题Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summ

32、er homes，European vacations, travel, BMW ssuch items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit their dreams as easily and openly as they once could, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people an

33、d many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, “Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles, while its public defenders are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy imp

34、ulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only that since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professe

35、d. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious.【答案】当然，相比于从前，人们对于成功以及成功给我们带来的东西兴趣似乎不会减少。人们对避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、旅游、宝马这类事物的需求相比一二十年前似乎也没有减少。情况是人们现在不敢简单公开地像以前那样承认自己的梦想，怕被认为是急功近利、贪得无厌和庸俗的人。对于这样的人，或许还有很多不那么优秀的人，正确的做法是：不惜一切代价取得成功，但是要避免变得野心勃勃。人们从各个角度

36、对野心有很多批评，但是公开批评者很少，并且显得很无力。因此，在美国，将雄心看作是一种健康的动力，一种可敬的从年轻就开始培养了的品质，这很少有人支持。这并不意味着雄心已经没有了，也不意味着人们不再感受到雄心带来的驱动力，相反地，因为不再公开推崇，那么也不会公开宣扬了。这样做带来的结果是，雄心以一种私下看不见的方式驱动着人们。11. 翻译题据心理学家称，乐观和自信是健康的心理状态所应具备的要素。焦虑是一种心理问题，他源自对生活中的不确定因素的内在恐惧，或者说是一种不安全感。繁荣的市场经济中躁动的消费需求是某些人焦虑情绪产生的原因。名车、豪宅和优越的生活被人们视为高档的标志。但是，由于多数人难以达到

37、这样的生活标准，有些人就会产生失落感。然而，这种出于对金钱崇拜而产生的焦虑感并不具有代表性。对于多数人来说，引起焦虑的重要原因是高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用。人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低廉并且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。【答案】Psychologists said that confidence and optimism are the important elements of a healthy state of mind. Nervousness is a mental problem and is resourced fr

38、om an inner emotional insecurity over uncertain factors in life. In the prosperous market economy, restless consumption demands are the reason for the nervous emotions. Brand-name car, houses and superior life are the marks of high-end life. However, most people tend to be disappointed because they

39、cannot reach this living standard. Furthermore, such nervousness over money worship is not representative. For most people, the nervousness is resulted from expensive house, high education expenditure and high medical cost. People live under this tremendous pressure, and they cannot find any hopes o

40、f being lifted out of the hardship because of the low and slow-growing incomes. Sometimes there seems to be many opportunities, but people also feel anxious about this. 12. 单选题I am （ ） to Mr. Morrison because of the kindness and concern that he showed me when I first got here.问题1选项A.gratifiedB.indeb

41、tedC.dueD.desirous【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。gratified “称心的，宽慰的”；indebted “感激的，受惠的”；due “到期的，应付的”；desirous “渴望的，想要的”。句意：因为当我第一次到这儿时莫里森先生的友善和关心，我对此是感激的。选项B符合题意。13. 翻译题中国是世界文明的发源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中国古代思想史上，涌现出了许许多多杰出的思想家，为中华民族乃至整个人类留下了丰富的思想遗产。这些思想成果独树一帜，在漫长的历史中又不断地被阐释、被发展，很多思想对于今天的中国乃至世界而言，仍然历久弥新，极具生命力。比如，儒家学派创始人孔子“

42、仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不仅在当代中国，在其他亚洲国家也一直备受推崇。【答案】China is one of the birthplaces of the world civilization which has a 5,000-year history. There are many outstanding ideologists in Chinese ancient thought history that left a rich ideological heritage for our China and even the whole mankind. The ideological

43、achievements were very unique and constantly explained and developed in the long history. Today, some of these thoughts are still lively and full of vitality for todays China and the whole world. For example, the ideal of “benevolence” and the “harmony” thought of Confucius who is the originator of

44、Confucian school have been praised highly by China and other Asian countries at present.14. 单选题As the leaves turn yellow and fall, you can feel the（ ）of winter.问题1选项A.approachB.effectC.surroundingD.specimen【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。approach“靠近”；effect “作用”；surrounding “周围的事物”；specimen “样本，标本”。句意：当树叶变黄掉落，你可以感受

45、到冬天的到来。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题In most earthquakes the Earth s crust cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture forms at the depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earths mantle, where high pr

46、essure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths?That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927, when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their ex

47、istence. Instead of comparing the arrival times of seismic waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had done, Wadati relied on a lime difference between the arrival of primary (P) waves and the slower secondary (S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant spee

48、ds; the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus，or a rupture point.For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter, the point on the surface where shaking is the strongest for a few events, however, th

49、e delay was long enough at the epicenter. Wadati saw a similar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earthquakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter, but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity,

50、 felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and the deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down.1.The passage is primarily concerned wit

51、h（ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that if the S waves from an earthquake arrive at a given location long after the P waves, which of the following must be true?3.The passage suggests that which of the following must take place in order for any earthquake to occur?4.The authors explanation o

52、f how deep events occur would be most weakened if which of the following were discovered to be true?问题1选项A.demonstrating why the methods of early seismologists were flawedB.defending a revolutionary theory about the causes of earthquakes and methods of predicting themC.discussing the evidence for th

53、e existence of deep events and the conditions that allow them to occurD.comparing the effects of shallow events with those of deep events问题2选项A.The earthquake was a deep event.B.The earthquake was a shallow eventC.The earthquake focus was distant.D.The earthquake had a low peak intensity.问题3选项A.Stre

54、ss must build up.B.Cool rock must descend into the mantle.C.A fracture must occur.D.Both A and C.问题4选项A.Deep events are far less common than shallow events.B.Deep events occur in places other than where crustal plates meet.C.Mantle rock is more ductile at a depth of several hundred kilometers than i

55、t is at 50 kilometers.D.The speeds of both P and S waves are slightly greater than previously though.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段，“How can there be earthquakes at such depths”，首先提出了问题， “这么深的地方是如何发生地震的”，文章第二段介绍了地震学家证明了这种深层地震的存在，根据第三段，“Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns sug

56、gested two kinds of earthquakes”，地震学家继续论证了P-S间隔和强度模式表明存在两种地震。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第三段，“and the deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down.”，可推断P-S间隔很长的就被称作deep events，选项A符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Stress builds up until a fracture forms at the depth of a few kilometers”，可知地震形成的条件包括压力的断裂。选项

57、D符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“the more common shallow events,”，可知A选项是原文已经提到了，可排除。根据第一段，“in the Earths mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile”，可知选项C是原文中提到的，可排除。根据文章第三段，“the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns”，P-S间隔会对不同类型的地震形成有影响，P和S的速度同时增加不会形成间隔，所以D选项可排除。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题The new range of produc

58、ts （ ） last autumn is already selling far better than is expected.问题1选项A.launchedB.marketedC.prevailedD.envisioned【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。launch “上市”；market “销售”；prevail “盛行”；envision “想象”。句意：去年秋天上市的新产品销量比预期要好。选项A符合题意。17. 单选题Until men invented ways of staying underwater for more than a few minutes, the wond

59、ers of the world below the surface of the sea were almost unknown. The main problem, of course, lies in air. How could air be supplied to swimmers below the surface of the sea? Pictures made about 2, 900 years ago in Asia show men swimming under the surface with air bags tied to their bodies. A pipe

60、 from the bag carried air into the swimmers mouth. But little progress was achieved in the invention of diving devices until about 1490, when the famous Italian painter, Leonardo da Vinci, designed a complete diving suit.In 1680, an Italian professor invented a large air bag with a glass window to b

61、e worn over the divers head. To “clean” the air a breathing pipe went from the air bag, through another bag to remove moisture, and then again to the large air bag. The plan did not work, but it gave later inventors the idea of moving air around in diving devices.In 1819, a German, Augustus Siebe, d

62、eveloped a way of forcing air into the head-covering by a machine operated above the water. Finally, in 1837, he invented the “hard-hat suit” that was to be used for nearly a century. It had a metal covering for the head and an air pipe attached to a machine above the water. It also had small openin

63、gs to remove unwanted air. But there were two dangers to the diver inside the “hard-hat suit”. One was the sudden rise to the surface, caused by a too great supply of air. The other was the crushing of the body, caused by a sudden diving into deep water. The sudden rise to the surface could kill the diver; a sudden dive could force his body up into the helmet, which could also result in death.Gradually the “hard-hat suit” was improved so