2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前模拟强化练习题47（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Many in the business world accept that the success of a commercial venture heavily dependent on the people working within it. People are（1）make a business successful, whether it is the lowest paid employees within the organization or（2）management. Engaged employ

2、ees are usually happy employees who are more（3）as they have a natural and genuine interest in the（4）of the organization.Staff becomes engaged because of a number of issues and it is essential that business owners and managers（5）these emotions. However, the first part of ensuring that people are conn

3、ected with a common goal is to get recruitment（6）. Recruiting should include a number of questions（7）at getting an understanding of a persons motivations and desires. Once recruited, communication is key to ensuring that levels of engagement do not wane. For instance, change is often（8）with workers.

4、 However they are far more likely to（9）into change when the reasons for it and the potential benefits are clearly laid out.Instilling a sense of pride and passion in a brand, product or ethos is vital in（10）engaged employees. If people enjoy what they do and feel empowered to shape the direction of

5、a company, they are far more likely to produce better results and work to the best of their ability.问题1选项A.whoB.howC.thatD.what问题2选项A.seniorB.chiefC.highD.tall问题3选项A.productiveB.effectiveC.validD.available问题4选项A.estatesB.assetsC.fortunesD.possessions问题5选项A.applyB.utilizeC.executeD.hire问题6选项A.wellB.o

6、verC.rightD.up问题7选项A.aimedB.focusedC.intendedD.engaged问题8选项A.addictiveB.unpopularC.satisfyingD.rewarding问题9选项A.shiftB.fallC.buyD.revolve问题10选项A.bearingB.raisingC.feedingD.delivering【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B【解析】第1题:考查连词。分析句子结构，可知“（ ）make a business successful”为表语从句，从句中缺少

7、主语，排除how与that，再根据句意“人是使企业成功的关键”，因此用what引导表示从句并在句中做主语。第2题:考查上下文语义。or表示并列关系，由前面的the lowest paid employees within the organization（组织内薪酬最低的员工）可知此处对应的是“高级管理层”，因此选A。第3题:考查形容词辨析。productive意为“多产的”；effective意为“有效的”；valid意为“有根据的，有效的”；available意为“可获得的”。此处表示有参与感的员工通常是多产的。第4题:考查名词辨析。estate意为“财产，遗产”；asset意为“资产，财

8、产”；fortune意为“命运”；possession意为“拥有”。此处表示关注组织的命运。第5题:考查动词辨析。apply意为“应用，运用”；utilize意为“利用，使用”；execute意为“执行”；hire意为“聘用”。此处表示企业主和管理者必须利用这些情绪。第6题:考查副词辨析。well意为“相当，大大地”；over意为“穿过，落下”；right意为“合理地，正确地”；up意为“向上，在上面”；get recruitment意为“招聘”，后面的内容提到如何招聘，可推测此处指正确地招聘，因此选C。第7题:考查固定搭配。aim at意为“旨在，目标在于”。此句表示招聘应包括一些问题旨在了

9、解一个人的动机和愿望。第8题:考查上下文语义。be unpopular with意为“不受欢迎”，此处表示改变往往不受员工欢迎。第9题:考查动词辨析。shift意为“改变”；fall意为“落下”；buy意为“购买”；revolve意为“旋转，环绕”。此处表示当明确说明其原因和潜在利益时，他们更有可能发生改变。第10题:考查上下文语义。bear意为“忍受”；raise意为“增加，提高”；feed意为“喂养”；deliver意为“发表，递送”。由后面的produce better results and work to the best of their ability（获得更好的结果，并能最大限

10、度地发挥他们的能力）可推测前面指提高员工的参与度，因此选B。2. 单选题The express train from London （ ）on time.问题1选项A.pulled upB.pulled overC.pulled inD.pulled through【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。pull up意为“拔起，阻止”；pull over意为“靠边停车”；pull in意为“吸引，进站”；pull through意为“恢复健康，度过难关”。句意：从伦敦开出的快车准时进站。3. 单选题Those figures are not consistent （ ）the results obt

11、ained in previous experiments.问题1选项A.toB.withC.forD.in【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。be consistent with意为“与一致，与符合”。句意：数据与之前的实验结果不一致。4. 单选题Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the

12、science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave

13、after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should

14、 get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report: Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the wor

15、ld base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until

16、we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the

17、 presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research a classic case of paralysis by analysis.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research

18、alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that

19、 the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.1.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that（ ）.2.According to Bruce Alberts, science can ser

20、ve as（ ）.3.What does the author mean by paralysis by analysis (Line 3, Paragraph 4) ?4.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?5.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because（ ）.问题1选项A.there was no scientific evidence of the co

21、rrelation between smoking and deathB.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC.people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense问题2选项A.a protectorB.a judgeC.a criticD.a guide问题3选项A.Endless studies kill action.B

22、.Careful investigation reveals truth.C.Prudent planning hinders progress.D.Extensive research helps decision-making.问题4选项A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plantsB.Raise public awareness of conservationC.Press for further scientific researchD.Take some legislative measures问题5选项A.they both suffered f

23、rom the governments negligenceB.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the formerC.the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD.both of them have turned from bad to worse【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for su

24、re可知A选项说法过于绝对；由over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves可知与B选项不符，死亡人数很多；由Lots of Americans bought that nonsense可知与D选项不符，胡说八道的人是支持吸烟的人；采用排除法，因此选C。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future（但科学确实为我们提供了关于未来的最佳指南）可知选D。第3题:词义题。A选项意为“没完没

25、了研究阻碍了行动”；B选项意为“仔细的调查揭示了真相”；C选项意为“谨慎的规划阻碍了进展”；D选项意为“广泛的研究帮助决策”。由文章第四段中Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more researcha classic case of paralysis by analysis.（他们没有制定行动计划，而是继续要求进行更多的研究典型的paralysis by analysis）可知A选项最符合句意。第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中But research alone is inadequate. If the A

26、dministration wont take the legislative initiative, congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.（但仅靠研究是不够的。如果政府不采取立法行动，国会应该帮助制定保护措施）可知选D。第5题:推理判断题。文章第一段讲了吸烟的危害以及人们的忽视造成的后果，第三段讲了全球变暖就像之前的吸烟问题一样，没有得到人们的重视，一旦有百分之百的证据时，所造成的后果是很危险的，因此B选项“后者的教训适用于前者”符合题意。5. 单选题In the atmosphere, carbon

27、dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the suns rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at

28、the present rate. If this warming-up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly re

29、sulting in an alteration of the earths chief food growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, wh

30、ich may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a w

31、arming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man

32、. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and cold spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27. 5 days, it prese

33、nts hotter or colder faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also changeable over a long term: its heat output goes up

34、and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be enterin

35、g a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earths climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the

36、 suns fading heat.1.It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would （ ）.2.The article was written to explain（ ）.3.Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is（ ）.4.On the basis of their models,

37、scientists believe the opinion that （ ）.5.If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, （ ）.问题1选项A.prevent the suns rays from reaching the earths surfaceB.mean a warming-up in the ArcticC.account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphereD.raise the temperature of t

38、he earths surface.问题2选项A.the greenhouse effectB.the solar effects on the earthC.the models of solar-weather interactionsD.the causes affecting weather问题3选项A.mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risingB.possible because the ice caps in the poles are meltingC.exclusively due to the effect o

39、f the inertia of the earths climateD.partly due to variations in the output of solar energy问题4选项A.the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB.it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earths climate to take effectC.the man-made warning effect helps to increase the solar effectsD

40、.the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect问题5选项A.the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels.B.ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere.C.the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the astrosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly.D.the greenhous

41、e effect could work to the advantage of the earth.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段的内容为：在大气中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面单面镜子或温室屋顶上的玻璃，它允许阳光进入，但阻止热量溢出。因此选D，在大气中二氧化碳的浓度将提高地球表面的温度。第2题:主旨大意题。文章第一段至第四段主要讲了二氧化碳对全球气候的影响，最后两段主要讲了太阳活动对全球气候变暖的影响，因此选D，本文主要解释影响天气的原因。第3题:推理判断题。由文章第五段中However, most of the fuel is

42、burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling.The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?和第六段中第一句One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun（一种可能是太阳的变化行为）可知选D，部分的原因是太阳活动的变化。第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中The problem is that the models are predicting that

43、 the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not.（问题是，这些模型预测，世界应该进入一个新的冰河时代，但事实并非如此）可知A选项“世界气候应该变得更冷”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the suns fading heat.（如果这是正确的，那么二氧化碳的温室效应可以抵消太阳热量的减少）可知选B，如

44、果关于新冰河延期的假设是正确的，那么冰很快就会覆盖北半球。6. 单选题He wrote the book in （ ）with his wife.问题1选项A.proportionB.installmentC.correspondenceD.collaboration【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。proportion意为“比例，份额”；installment意为“装置，分期付款”；correspondence意为“一致，符合”；collaboration意为“合作，协作”。句意：他和他的妻子合作写了这本书。7. 单选题Humble （ ）it may be, theres no place

45、like home, （ ）her may go.问题1选项A.like, whenB.as, whereverC.although, whereD.which, wherever【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。as引导让步状语从句必须进行倒装，此处将表语humble提前；wherever意为“无论哪儿”，引导地点状语从句。句意：尽管家很简陋，但无论她去哪儿，没有一个地方可以和家相提并论。8. 单选题Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an（ ） force who pushes her s

46、tudents to excel far beyond their own expectations.问题1选项A.inspirationalB.educationalC.excessiveD.instantaneous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。inspirational意为“启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的”；educational意为“教育的”；excessive意为“过度的，极度的”；instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。句意：有了她作为教授和顾问，我可以告诉你，她是一股鼓舞人心的力量，她能鼓励她的学生们发挥出超出他们自己的期望。9. 单选题The allies suffered le

47、ss than 20 （ ）while enemy losses were said to be high.问题1选项A.casualtiesB.consequencesC.calamitiesD.severities【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。casualty意为“(战争或事故的) 伤员，伤亡”；consequence意为“结果，后果”；calamity意为“灾祸，灾难”；severity意为“严重”。句意：同盟国遭受伤亡的人数不到20，而敌人的伤亡据说很高。10. 单选题Why was the suggestion that she （ ）to our party rejected t

48、he day before yesterday?问题1选项A.be invitedB.to be invitedC.being invitedD.has been invited【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。在表示“建议、要求、命令、意愿”等意义的名词，后面跟的表语从句中和同位语从句中谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略，因此选A。句意：为什么前天她受邀参加我们聚会的建议被拒绝了？11. 单选题Early in the 1900s, the use of trucks to hand commercial（ ）developed almost simult

49、aneously with the first widespread use of the automobile.问题1选项A.vehiclesB.equipmentC.workersD.merchandise【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。vehicle意为“车辆”；equipment意为“设备，装备”；worker意为“工 人，员工”；merchandise意为“商品，货品”。句意：20世纪初，运送商品的卡车基本上是和广泛使用的汽车一同发展的。12. 翻译题Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chines

50、e.The United Kingdom has an extraordinarily rich and diverse artistic heritage, with British poets, playwrights, musicians, sculptors, painters and filmmakers enjoyed and admired all over the world.The United Kingdoms contributions to the visual arts are immense and then there are many traces to be

51、found around the country, from striking architecture to paintings, ceramics and sculptures which can be easily found in our many art galleries and museums.The performing arts are thriving as well. Music, theatre, filmmaking, dance and opera are all performed enthusiastically in theatres, concert hal

52、ls and studios all over the country every night of the year.The richness of our cultural life is largely down to our diverse history, for many hundreds of years different races and cultures have had an influence on the United Kingdom and have consequently played a role in creating the society we liv

53、e in today.【答案】英国有着及其丰富多样的艺术遗产，受人喜爱和尊敬英国诗人、剧作家、音乐家、雕塑家、画家和电影制作人遍布世界各地。英国对视觉艺术的贡献是巨大的，在全国各地有许多踪迹可寻，从引人注目的建筑到绘画、陶瓷和雕塑，在我们的许多美术馆和博物馆都很容易找到。表演艺术也蓬勃发展。音乐、戏剧、电影制作、舞蹈和歌剧每晚都在全国各地的剧院、音乐厅和摄影棚中激情地演出。我们文化生活的丰富性在很大程度上取决于我们多元的历史。数百年来，不同的种族和文化对英国产生了影响，并因此在创造我们今天生活的社会中发挥了作用。13. 单选题I was addressing a small gathering

54、 in a suburban Virginia living room-a womens group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequ

55、ently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said shes the talker in our family. The room burst into laughter the man looked puzzled and hurt, its true he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didnt k

56、eep the conversation going wed spend the whole evening in silence.”This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political sci

57、entist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed but only a few of the me gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amo

58、unts to millions of cases in the United States every year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far m

59、ore than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking and social arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication. “He doesnt listen to me”: “He doesnt talk to me.” I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational

60、 partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at: the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk

61、.1.What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?2. Judging from the context, the phrase wreaking havoc (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means（ ）.3.All of the following are true EXCEPT（ ）.4.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?5.In the following part immediatel

62、y after this text, the author will most probably focus on（ ）.问题1选项A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Sharing housework.问题2选项A.generating motivationB.exerting influenceC.causing damageD.creating pressure问题3选项A.men tend to talk more in public than womenB.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couples