2022年考博英语-北京大学考试题库及模拟押密卷41（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-北京大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to work_ longer, live_ less in retirement or bailed_by the government.问题1选项A.in. for. upB.for. on. outC.by. in. onD.on. for. out【答案】B【解析】考查语义和固定搭配。前半句提到：人们活得越来越长，储蓄却不够。顺应的工作时间更长，退休后

2、可依赖的资本更少，只能靠政府帮助拜托困境。for后面接“一段时间”，live on “以为生”，bail out“帮助摆脱困境”。因此B选项符合题意。2. 单选题Australia is struggling to cope with the consequences of a devastating drought. As the world warms up, other countries should pay .问题1选项A.heelB.healC.heedD.head【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。选项中只有heed与pay相搭配，pay heed表示“注意；留心”。句意：澳大利亚正

3、在努力应对灾难性干旱的后果。随着世界变暖，其他国家也应该注意。因此C选项符合题意。3. 单选题2009 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade.（1 ）was 2008, and before that 2007 and 2006. In fact, industry revenues have been（2 ）for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe thats

4、 because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been （3 ） intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly （4 ） copies. These days, high-quality copies are （5 ）. According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often tha

5、n they do iTunes and other legal shops.Id like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice wont do much harm. But even as Ive heard over the past decade that things werent （6 ）bad，that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each years numbers have been worse

6、. Maybe its time to admit that we may never find a way to（7 ） consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.（8 ）8 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectua

7、l property doesnt always （9 ） that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract. “The nature of intellectual property，” he wrote，“ makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic （10 ） that keep(s) us from taking each others things. ”问题1选项A.AsB.SameC.ThusD.So

8、问题2选项A.stagnatingB.decliningC.increasingD.stultifying问题3选项A.takingB.robbingC.stealingD.pirating问题4选项A.upgradedB.inferiorC.ineffectiveD.preferable问题5选项A.numerousB.ubiquitousC.accessibleD.effortless问题6选项A.soB.thisC.thatD.much问题7选项A.satisfyB.helpC.reconcileD.equate问题8选项A.BasedB.CapitalizingC.Reflecting

9、D.Drawing问题9选项A.match up withB.fill inC.fit intoD.set up问题10选项A.constraintsB.consciousnessC.normD.etiquette【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:C第8题:C第9题:C第10题:A【解析】（1）考查固定用法。前一句说到，2009年是唱片公司十年来最糟糕的一年。综合选项和句意，本句表示，2008，2007和2006年也一样。四个选项中只有so的用法符合要求，“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词”结构表示“也一样”。因此D选项符合题意。（2）考查动词辨析。s

10、tagnate“使淤塞；停滞”；decline“下降；衰退”；increase“增加；增长”；stultify“使变无效、无价值”。根据前文的“the worst year”可知本句依然表示消极意义，也就是industry revenues依然在下降。因此B选项符合题意。（3）考查动词辨析。前一句中提到“illegal downloads stagnate”，说明本句的动作是属于违法行为，对于音乐不存在抢劫和偷盗行为，只有pirate“盗用；剽窃”符合语义。因此D选项符合题意。（4）考查形容词辨析。upgraded“提升的，改善的”；inferior“差的，下级的”；ineffective“无

11、效的；不起作用的”；preferable“更好的”。前面部分提到几个世纪以来，一直有人在盗用知识产权，也就是在生产复制品，而盗版做出的复制品肯定会有质量问题，因此空格处应填“劣质的（复制品）”。因此B选项符合题意。（5）考查形容词辨析。numerous “许多的”；ubiquitous“普遍存在的”；accessible“易接近的”；effortless“容易的，不费力气的”。文中提到，以前的盗版产品很耗时间，与现在形成对比，现在是轻而易举的事情。因此D选项符合题意。（6）考查词语辨析。本句句意：正如我过去十年里听说的那样，情况并没有那么糟糕。糟糕的情况是指上文提到的，所以用that代替。so

12、只能指代刚刚提及的事物（同一句或接近语句）。因此C选项符合题意。（7）考查固定搭配。本句句意：也许是时候承认，我们可能永远无法找到一种方式，想要享受免费娱乐的消费者与那些想要获得报酬的创作者。句中的who want free entertainment是consumer的定语从句，因此句中存在sb. with sb.的结构，而选项中只有reconcile有这个用法，表示“使与协调”。因此C选项符合题意。（8）考查动词辨析。based on“基于”；capitalizing on“有效利用”；reflecting on“反思”；drawing on“借鉴，借助于”。句意：最近，计算机神经科学家A

13、nders Sandberg了这个问题。对于问题，与之搭配的自然是反思。因此C选项符合题意。（9）考查词组辨析。match up with“和相配”；fill in“填充”；fit into“适合；与融为一体”；set up“建立”。本句中提到，虽然我们对所有权有强烈的本能感觉，但知识产权并不总是那框架。这里选用表示轮廓合适的“fit into”更合适。因此C选项符合题意。（10）考查名词辨析。constraint“约束，局促”；consciousness “意识”；norm“标准”；etiquette “礼节，规矩”。空格后的定语从句用来修饰空格中次，从句中的动词keepfrom就等同于词义

14、，因此A选项符合题意。4. 单选题Boris Yeltsin, Russias president, died. His funeral in Moscow was attended by a bevy of world leaders past and present.问题1选项A.priorB.pastC.formerD.late【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。prior“优先的”；past“过去的”；former“从前的”；late“迟的；已故的”。本句说的是俄罗斯前总统去世，表示“前任”一般用former，因此C现象符合题意。5. 单选题If you happened to be w

15、atching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U. S. economy had become “very distorted”. In the wake of the recession, this

16、 guest explained, high-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “ significant recovery ” ； the rest of the economy, by contrast including small businesses and “ a very significant amount of the labor force ” 一 was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he a

17、rgued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “ fundamentally two separate types of economy，” increasingly distinct and divergent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. (T

18、he idea of “two Americas” was a central theme of John Edwardss 2004 and 2008 presidential runs. ) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of

19、 the free market, and (at least until recently) the nations foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident

20、for years. In a 2005 report to investors, for instance, three analysts at Citigroup advised that “ the World is dividing into two blocs the Plutonomy and the rest”.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U. S. consumer” or “the UK consumer”，or indeed “the Russian consumer”. There are rich con

21、sumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich”，the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie.Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentra

22、tion of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modem economy Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions particularly the explosion of subprime cr

23、edit helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Streets swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative

24、 of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit. And this, in turn, has led to wider and not unreasonable fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self-interested motives, and a

25、 casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.1.According to the passage, the U. S. economy （ ）2.Which of the following statements about todays super-elite would the passage support?3.What can be said of modern technological innovations?4.The author seems to suggest that

26、the financial crisis and its aftermath（ ）5.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）问题1选项A.fares quite wellB.has completely recovered from the economic recessionC.has its own problemsD.is lagging behind other industrial economies问题2选项A.Todays plutocrats are the hereditary elite.B.Todays super-rich

27、 are increasingly a nation unto themselves.C.They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competition.D.They are worried about the social and political consequences of rising income inequality.问题3选项A.They have lifted many people into the middle class.B.They have narrowed the gap between the ri

28、ch and the non-rich.C.They have led to a rise of income inequality.D.They have benefited the general public.问题4选项A.have compromised the rich with the non-richB.have enriched the plutocratic eliteC.have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possessD.have enlarged the gap between the

29、rich and non-rich问题5选项A.present the financial imbalance in the U. S.B.display sympathy for the working classC.criticize the super-elite of the United StatesD.appreciate the merits of the super rich in the U. S.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：根据本文，美国经济_。第一段第二句提到了美国经济“very distorted非常扭曲”，排

30、除A选项；第三句中的“In the wake of the recession”说明美国经济仍受经济衰退影响，排除B选项；D选项说到美国经济落后于其他经济体，常识可判断错误。因此C选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：关于当今的超级精英，文章支持以下哪一种说法？“elite”出现在文章第五段第一句和第六段第二句。由第五段中“The wondrous inventions of the modem economy even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy”说明是现代经济的发明使小部分企业家变得很富有，而非世袭，排

31、除A选项；第六段中“has led to wider and not unreasonable fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy”表明担心日益扩大的收入差距会给社会和政治带来影响。因此D选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：现代技术创新能说些什么呢? 第五段第二句中提到“The wondrous inventions of the modem economy even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy”,说明现

32、代经济的神奇发明能使一小部分企业家致富，使公众受益。因此D选项符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干：作者似乎在暗示金融危机及其后果_。最后一段提到在金融危机之后，许多人不仅生活在富人经济学中，还生活在富人政治中，因此让美国民众开始警惕起来。因此C选项符合题意。5.主旨题。题干：这篇文章的主要目的是_。本文讲述的是美国经济中的贫富差距问题，也就是financial imbalance“金融失衡”。因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题A considerable part of Facebooks appeal stems from its miraculous fusion of distance wit

33、h intimacy, or the illusion of distance with the illusion of intimacy. Our online communities become engines of self-image, and self-image becomes the engine of community. The real danger with Facebook is not that it allows us to isolate ourselves, but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with

34、our vanity, it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude. The new isolation is not of the kind that Americans once idealized, the lonesomeness of the proudly nonconformist, independent-minded, solitary stoic, or that of the astronaut who blasts into new worlds. Facebooks isolation is a grind. W

35、hats truly staggering about Facebook usage is not its volume 750 million photographs uploaded over a single weekend but the constancy of the performance it demands. More than half its users and one of every 13 people on Earth is a Facebook user log on every day. Among 18-to-34-year- olds, nearly hal

36、f check Facebook minutes after waking up, and 28 percent do so before getting out of bed. The relentlessness is what is so new, so potentially transformative. Facebook never takes a break. We never take a break. Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the ti

37、me, not every morning, before we even pour a cup of coffee.Nostalgia for the good old days of disconnection would not just be pointless, it would be hypocritical and ungrateful. But the very magic of the new machines, the efficiency and elegance with which they serve us, obscures what isnt being ser

38、ved: everything that matters. What Facebook has revealed about human nature and this is not a minor revelation is that a connection is not the same thing as a bond, and that instant and total connection is no salvation, no ticket to a happier, better world or a more liberated version of humanity. So

39、litude used to be good for self-reflection and self- reinvention. But now we are left talking about who we are all the time, without ever really thinking about who we are. Facebook denies us a pleasure whose profundity we had underestimated: the chance to forget about ourselves for a while, the chan

40、ce to disconnect.1.Which of the following statements regarding the power of Facebook can be inferred from the passage?2.hich of the following statements about the underside of Facebook is supported by theinformation contained in this passage?3.Which of the following best states “the new isolation” m

41、entioned by the author?4.Which of the following belongs to the category of “everything that matters” according to the passage?5.Which of the following conclusions about Facebook does the author want us to draw?问题1选项A.It creates the isolation people want.B.It delivers a more friendly world.C.It produ

42、ces intimacy people lack in the real world.D.It enables us to be social while avoiding the mess of human interaction.问题2选项A.It imprisons people in the business of self-presentation.B.It causes social disintegration.C.It makes people vainer.D.It makes people lonelier.问题3选项A.It is full of the spirit o

43、f adventure.B.It is the extension of individualism.C.It has a touch of narcissism.D.It evolves from the appetite for independence.问题4选项A.Constant connection.B.Instant communication.C.Smooth sociability.D.A human bond.问题5选项A.It creates friendship.B.It denies us the pleasure of socializing.C.It opens

44、a new world for us.D.It draws us into a paradox.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：从这篇文章中，我们可以推断出以下哪个关于Facebook力量的陈述？根据第一段第三句“but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity”可知Facebook给予了人们想要的孤独，同时又满足了人们自恋的心理。选项A符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：以下哪一项关于Facebook的负面陈述得到了这篇文章所包含信息的支持？根据第一段第三句“but

45、that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity”以及最后两句“Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning”可知Facebook让人们变得越来越虚荣，时刻想着去展示自己。原文中的vanity与选项C中的vanier是同根词。因此选型C符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：作者提到的“新孤立”，以下哪一种表述最好？由题干中关键词“the new isolation

46、”定位到第一段第四句。前文中提到“it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude ”，加上第一段最后两句“Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning”，可知Facebook改变了孤独的本质，人们时时刻刻想着在Facebook上展现自我（自恋）。因此选项C符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干：根据短文，下列哪一项属于“每一样重要的东西”范畴？由题干中关键词“eveverythi

47、ng that matters”定位到第二段第二句。由第二段第三句中“ is that connetion is not thte same thing as a bond,and that instant and total connection is no salvation, no ticket to a happier, better world pr more liberated version of humanity”可知instant andtotalconnections与a bond 不同，是不太重要的东西。由此可推出a human bond是重要的东西。因此选项D符合题意。

48、5.细节推理题。题干：关于Facebook，作者希望我们得出以下哪一结论？根据第二段最后一句“Facebook denies us a pleasure whose profundity we had underestimated: the chance to forget about ourselves for a while, the chance to disconnect”，作者认为Facebook夺走了我们的快乐，而我们低估了这种快乐的深奥之处。因此选项B符合题意。7. 单选题The market for dust masks and air purifiers is（ ） in B

49、eijing because the capital has been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.问题1选项A.boomingB.loomingC.doomingD.zooming【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。booming“兴旺的，繁荣的”；looming“隐隐约约的，正在逼近的”；dooming“命中注定，宣判”；zooming“急速上升的”。句意：北京的口罩和空气净化器市场正在迅速发展，因为首都已经连续几天笼罩在浓雾之中。因此A选项符合题意。8. 单选题We（ ）admire his courage and sel

50、f-confidence.问题1选项A.can butB.cannot onlyC.cannot butD.can only but【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。can but“只能”；cannot only“不能只”；cannot but“不得不，禁不住”；can only but 无此用法。句意：我们佩服他的勇气和自信。因此C选项符合题意。9. 单选题Love was in the air in a Tokyo park as normally staid Japanese husbands gathered to scream out their feelings for their

51、wives, promising _ and extra tight hugs.问题1选项A.attitudeB.multitudeC.gratitudeD.latitude【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。attitude“态度，看法”；multitude“群众，多数”；gratitude“感激”；latitude“维度，界限”。句意：在东京的一个公园里，空气中弥漫着爱的气息。平时不苟言笑的日本丈夫们聚集在一起，大声表达他们对妻子的感情，表达感激之情，并给她们一个拥抱。选项中仅C选项与feelings相关，因此符合题意。10. 单选题Most people cant get _ the da

52、y without at least one cup of tea or coffee.问题1选项A.onB.throughC.overD.by【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。get on“上车；进展”；get through“通过；度过”；get over“克服；恢复”；get by“获得认可”。句意： 如果一杯咖啡都不喝的话，大多数人都不能度过一天。因此B选项符合题意。11. 单选题All the mountains are stunningly beautiful, and there are（ ）valleys and the smell of peat from every cott

53、age.问题1选项A.woodenB.woodedC.woodingD.woods【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。有题干得知，空格后为名词，因此应填入形容词。wooden“木制的；呆板的”；wooded“树木繁茂额，森林多的”；wooding无形容词用法；woods“木材”，也无形容词用法。修饰valley“山谷”的词应为wooded，因此B选项符合题意。12. 单选题Experiments suggest that season of birth dramatically affects the speed the body clock ticks.问题1选项A.at whichB.for

54、 whichC.on whichD.in which【答案】A【解析】考查语法知识。介词+which引导定语从句时，介词要与先行词搭配。题干中先行词是the speed，只有at可以搭配。句意：实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响生物钟的运转速度。因此选项A符合题意。13. 单选题“Gangnam Style”，the （ ）popular song from South Korean recording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTube ever.问题1选项A.sanelyB.insanelyC.ration

55、allyD.insatiably【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。sanely“稳健地，理智地”；insanely“疯狂地，精神错乱地”；rationally“理性地，讲道理地”；insatiably“贪得无厌地，无法满足地”。句意：韩国唱片艺人PSY的疯狂流行的“江南Style”在YouTube上成了观看次数最多的视频。因此B选项符合题意。14. 单选题The United Nations Population Fund has picked October 31 as the day the world will be home to 7billion people.For better

56、 and worse, its a milestone.And there will be more milestones ahead. Fourteen years from now, there are expected to be 8billion people on the planet. Most of the growth will occur in the worlds poorer countries.Proportionally, Europes population will decline, while Africas will increase. At around t

57、he same time,India will overtake China as the most populous nation on Earth.The growing global population is just one side of the coin. A recent report from the World HealthOrganization signaled the seriousness of the human population explosion: more than 3 billion people about half the worlds popul

58、ation are malnourished. Never before have so many, or such a largeproportion, of the worlds people been malnourished.And in a growing number of countries there is a seemingly unstoppable march toward sub-replacement fertility, whereby each new generation is less populous than the previous one, andpo

59、pulation aging.As a result of declining fertility and increasing longevity, the populations of more and morecountries are aging rapidly. Between 2005 and 2050, a rise in the population aged 60 years or over willbe visible, whereas the number of children (persons under age 15) will decline slightly.P

60、opulation aging represents, in one sense, a success story for mankind, but it also poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure.The latest national census in China shows the number of elderly people in the country has jumped tomore than 13. 3 percent o

61、f the population, an increase of nearly 3 percentage points on the percentagefrom the previous census in 2000. A quarter of the countrys population will be over 65 by 2050,according to the National Population and Family Planning Commission.The growing number of elderly is a challenge that the government needs to tackle ； we cant rely onthe ever-increasing population to support them or maintain the nations economic growth. Bettersolutions are needed, such as raising retirement ages to reflect the greater longevity and workingcapability of todays older adults and making adjustments so p