2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前模拟强化练习题8（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Raos, the legendary east Harlem Italian eatery, is more than a hundred blocks above the Wall Street. But with a clientele that includes some of the corporate Americas leading lights, big business is never far away. Consider the table hosted one night last yea

2、r by Raos regular, Richard (Bo) Dietlhe was joined by General Electrics CEO, Jeffrey Immelt, NBC chairman Bob Wright and Law & Order creator Dick Wolf. Wolf was just entering negotiations for a new contract for Law & Order to keep running on GE-owned NBC. No one signed any contracts or haggled over

3、figures that night. But not long after, NBC announced it would broadcast Law & Order through 2008. Wolf says now that Dietls dinner at Raos was key to smoothing out the negotiations: “It was enormously helpful for him to get us all together in that setting.”With his just-published book, Business Lun

4、chatations, Dietl hopes to launch himself as the authority on how everyone can sharpen his networking social skills.In his $7,000 Italian suits, Dietl tells tales of his adventures with the rich and famous; golfing with former GE chairman Jack Welch, fly-fishing with former PepsiCo chairman Roger En

5、rico, dining a deux with Viacoms Sumner Redstone or comparing notes on private jets with his pal Donald Trump. Dietl says hes earned these mens trust by making it clear he wants nothing more than to show them a good time and share a good laugh. “You dont do this thinking, oh, what business can I get

6、 out of them?” he says. “You do it for sheer friendship. And then the good things just come out.” Corporate bosses say they appreciate the sell. “Bos a guy you want to do a favor for,” says Welch, “because you know hell do a favor for you.”In his book, of course, Dietl urges readers to do more than

7、just be nice to strangers and wait for good karma. Networking tips range from how to listen and ask questions in conversations with strangerseye contact, upright posture and clarifying questions are muststo practical pointers like “keep going back to the buffet”(to increase the number of contacts at

8、 a crowded event) and “wear an original accessory” (to ensure sticking out in a new acquaintances mind). Still, Dietl says the most commonly missed secret of networking is starting with the human touch. “If theres going to be business, possibly there could be business,” he says. “But its gotta start

9、 out from the friendship side.”26. Wolf has come to believe that the reason Law & Order was extended to 2008 was _.27. By referring to Dietls book, the author intends to show _.28. It is implied that you can improve your networking skills by _.29. Dietl concludes that the most important thing to do

10、is to _.30. The best title for this text might be _.问题1选项A.the Italian foodB.they didnt have to go far from Wall street to get to RaosC.they didnt haggle over dinnerD.Dietls get-together问题2选项A.Bos intelligencesB.Richards charmC.Mr. Dietls fameD.Mr. Dietls authority问题3选项A.having adventures with the r

11、ich and famousB.wearing expensive suitsC.doing favors and laughingD.being friendly问题4选项A.keep going back to the buffetB.begin with friendshipC.touch peopleD.keep in touch with contacts问题5选项A.Adventures with the Rich and FamousB.Favors ReceivedC.Meet Me for LunchatationD.Good Times and Laughter【答案】第1

12、题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】26.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Wolf says now that Dietls dinner at Raos was key to smoothing out the negotiations: “It was enormously helpful for him to get us all together in that setting.”（沃尔夫说，现在迪特尔在拉奥餐厅的晚餐是促成谈判顺利进行的关键：“他把我们所有人聚在一起，这对他非常有帮助。”），所以D选项“迪特尔的聚会”正确。A选项“意大利菜”，

13、B选项“他们不需要从华尔街走很远就能到餐厅”和C选项“他们吃饭时没有讨价还价”与题目没有直接关系，故错误。因此D选项正确。27.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段With his just-published book, Business Lunchatations, Dietl hopes to launch himself as the authority on how everyone can sharpen his networking social skills.（迪特尔刚刚出版商务午餐这本书，希望成为教人提高人际交往技巧的权威。），作者通过出版的书想要表达迪特尔的权威

14、性，所以D选项“迪特尔的权威”正确，突出迪特尔的权威是为了让读者信服他的社交技巧，名望在这里没有太大用处，也不是重点，故C选项“迪特尔的名望”错误。A选项“鲍勃的智慧”和B选项“理查德的魅力”：不是表达的重点，故错误。因此D选项正确。28.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Dietl says hes earned these mens trust by making it clear he wants nothing more than to show them a good time and share a good laugh.（迪特尔表示，他已经赢得了这些男人的信任

15、，因为他明确表示，他只是想和他们共度一段美好时光，与他们一起开怀大笑。）和最后一句“Bos a guy you want to do a favor for,” says Welch, “because you know hell do a favor for you.”（韦尔奇说：“鲍勃是你想帮的人，因为你知道他会帮你。”），可知可以通过让别人愉快和帮助别人提高社交技能，所以C选项“乐于助人，带来欢笑”正确；只有D选项“友好”还不够，故错误。A选项“与富人和名人一起冒险”和B选项“穿名贵的衣服”，根据第三段：In his $7,000 Italian suits, Dietl tells t

16、ales of his adventures with the rich and famous（迪特尔穿着价值7000美元的意大利西装，讲述着他与富人和名人的冒险故事），这里讲的迪特尔书中的内容，并不是社交技巧，故错误。因此C选项正确。29.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段倒数第三句Dietl says the most commonly missed secret of networking is starting with the human touch.（迪特尔说，最常被忽视的秘诀是人与人之间的人际交往从接触开始。），可知人际交往中最重要的是C选项“与人接触”，而不是D选

17、项“保持联系”。B选项“建立友谊”：根据第三段第四句You do it for sheer friendship. And then the good things just come out.（你这么做纯粹是为了友谊。然后好事就会出现。），建立友谊有帮助，没有说到这是最重要的，故错误。A选项“继续去吃自助餐”：根据第四段第二句to practical pointers like “keep going back to the buffet”(to increase the number of contacts at a crowded event)（还有一些实用的技巧，比如“继续去吃自助餐”

18、，在拥挤的场合增加联系人的数量），吃自助餐没有说是最重要的，故错误。因此C选项正确。30.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述社交技巧，通过营造愉快的氛围从而促成情感信任，所以D选项“美好时光和欢乐笑声”正确。A选项“与富人和名人的冒险”，B选项“接受的帮助”和C选项“午餐的相遇”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文，故错误。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.问题1选项A.c

19、ombinedB.having combinedC.combineD.being combined【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在自然界中找不到游离的铝，因为铝总是和其他元素结合在一起，最常见的是和氧结合在一起，。根据owing to its确定用名词形式，根据语境确定动名词应该是被动形式，表示状态，D选项being combined符合题意。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Even the cleverest use of time management techniques is powerless to _ the sum of minutes in a persons life

20、(over 52 million, optimistically assuming a life expectancy of 100 years), so people squeeze as much as they could into each one of them.问题1选项A.augmentB.quantifyC.enrichD.justify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项augment“增加，增大”；B选项quantify“确定数量”；C选项enrich“使充实；使富足”；D选项justify“证明正确；对作出解释”。句意：即使是最巧妙的时间管理技巧也无法_人的生命中的时间

21、总和（5200万分钟以上，乐观地假设寿命为100岁），所以人们尽可能地抓紧每一分钟。根据语境，这里指的是时间管理技巧不能让人们的时间变多，所以augment“增加”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题On Jan.17, 1995, Kobe was hit by a 6.9-magnitude quake. The Great Hanshin Earthquake killed 6,400 people. Damage was estimated at more than $100 billion, similar to current estimates of the toll of l

22、ast weeks 9.0-magnitude temblor in the Tohoku region of northern Japan. Yet, within 18 months, economic activity in Kobe had reached 98 percent of its pre-quake level. A state-of-the-art offshore port facility was built, housing was modernizedand a scruffy port city became an international showpiece

23、.The March 11 earthquake and tsunami devastated a society that, for all its wealth, was stuck in a rut. Over the past two decades, Japans economic growth averaged an anemic 1 percent a year. Politically, the country was rudderless. The Liberal Democratic Party, which had governed almost continuously

24、 since the end of the U.S. military occupation following the World War II, had finally worn out its welcome. And the novice Democratic Party of Japan, which had assumed power in 2009, was flailing.For four decades after the war, Japan experienced cozy politics backed by a robust economy. Lightly pop

25、ulated rural district had a disproportionate effect on national politics. The government financed multibillion-dollar bridges to nowhere, expensive port facilities for small fishing village and bullet trains to traverse bucolic rural areasand seemingly lined every riverbed in Japan in concrete.But i

26、n 1900, the bubble burst. The working-age share of the population began to fall. In 1998, the labor force started to shrink, and a decade later, the countrys population began to decline. Eventually, voters concerned about the mounting costs of wasteful projects tossed out the LDP.Before the earthqua

27、ke and tsunami devastated the Tohoku region on March 11, the country was already facing a slowing economy, fiscal strain and deflation, and decades of wasteful spending had saddled the country with a debt more than twice the size of the economy. Now, beyond the tragedys human toll, the economic cost

28、s are still being countedand could be vastly expanded if the nuclear reactor damage is closer to that of Chernobyl than to Three Mile Island. But if rebuilding is handled skillfully, there is hope that a different kind of Japan will emerge.Despite its weak starting point, the government holds a few

29、cards. Ninety-five percent of Japans debt is owned by its citizens, no foreign hedge funds; its unlikely that those citizens would dump their bond holdings if the government takes on more debt to rebuild the city of Sendai, for example. Financially, the government has more maneuvering room than migh

30、t seem apparent.Some rebuilding can be financed by redirecting spending from useless white-elephant projects to the higher priority of remaking Tohoku. The quality of public investment in the nation could improve, perhaps permanently, as a result of this crisis.What is really at stakeand what will d

31、etermine whether these other changes have any chance of coming to passis the structure of Japan politics. If the incumbent DPJ successfully manages this emergency, the episode could reassure Japanese voters that this fledgling party represents a credible alternative to the LDP. Japan would then have

32、 a true two-party system in which political power and ideas are genuinely contested. The Great Tohoku Earthquake could be the shock that pushes Japan not only to rebuild a city, but to remake itself politically for the 21st century.21. The author wrote the first paragraph in an attempt to _.22. Acco

33、rding to the text, the author suggests that Democratic Party of Japan _.23. Except the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, the hindrances that Japans economic growth confronts EXCLUDE _.24. On which of the following statement would the author most probably agree?25. Which of the following is the most p

34、roper title of the text?问题1选项A.exemplify how severe the consequences of the Great Hanshin Earthquake areB.indicate that the March 11 disaster could bring out a new Japan like Great Hanshin Earthquake didC.make an analogy between the Great Hanshin Earthquake and the Great Tohoku EarthquakeD.state the

35、 post-quake reconstruction is disproportionate to the damage caused by the quake问题2选项A.has been the ruling party for approximately 50-odd yearsB.is failing in leading the Japan out of the difficultiesC.is a newly emergent part in Japans political communityD.has successfully managed this emergency问题3

36、选项A.deflationB.the aging labor forceC.massive debtsD.fiscal deficit问题4选项A.Criticism is mixed with optimism for Japans economic and political landscape.B.The bursting bubble of economy results in the decreasing working-age population.C.Japans party system has been a one-party one since World War II t

37、ill DPJs office.D.The merits Japan can derive from the quake overwhelm the risks and consequences of it.问题5选项A.Will the Crisis Create a New Japan?B.The History of Great Earthquakes in Japan.C.How Japanese Government Will Cope With the 311 Emergency.D.Virtues and Vices of March 11 Earthquake and Tsun

38、ami.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句Damage was estimated at more than $100 billion, similar to current estimates of the toll of last weeks 9.0-magnitude temblor in the Tohoku region of northern Japan.（地震造成的损失估计超过1,000亿美元，与上周日本北部东北地区9.0级地震造成的损失类似。），作者分别列出两个地震的损失情况，所以C选项“将阪神大地震与东北大地震

39、进行类比”正确。A选项“举例说明阪神大地震的后果有多严重”和D选项“说明震后重建与地震造成的损失不成比例”：作者只是陈述了事实，没有这样的意思，故错误。B选项“表明3月11日的灾难可能带来一个像阪神大地震那样的新日本”：作者没有要预示的意图，故错误。因此C选项正确。22.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句And the novice Democratic Party of Japan, which had assumed power in 2009, was flailing.（2009年刚上台的日本民主党也陷入了困境。），可知民主党没有解决掉问题，所以B选项“没有成功领导日本走出困难”正确，D选

40、项“成功地处理了这一紧急情况”和A选项“已经执政了大约50多年”错误。C选项“是日本政治共同体中一个新兴的部分”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。23.推理判断题。根据第四段第二句The working-age share of the population began to fall.（劳动年龄人口的比例开始下降。），第五段第一句the country was already facing a slowing economy, fiscal strain and deflation, and decades of wasteful spending had saddled the co

41、untry with a debt more than twice the size of the economy.（日本已经面临着经济放缓、财政紧张和通货紧缩的问题，数十年的浪费开支使日本背负了超过经济规模两倍的债务。），可知日本经济增长的障碍包括了A选项“通货紧缩”，B选项“劳动力老龄化”和C选项“巨额债务”，符合文章意思，故错误，D选项“财政赤字”没有提到，不符合文章意思，因此D选项正确。24.观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句What is really at stakeand what will determine whether these other changes have any

42、 chance of coming to passis the structure of Japan politics.（真正利害攸关的是日本的政治结构，这将决定这些其他变化是否有机会实现。）和最后一句The Great Tohoku Earthquake could be the shock that pushes Japan not only to rebuild a city, but to remake itself politically for the 21st century.（日本东北大地震可能不仅会促使日本重建一座城市，还会促使日本在21世纪重塑自己的政治形象），可知作者对于

43、日本的前景处于中立态度，所以A选项“对于日本的经济和政治前景，既有批评也有乐观”正确。B选项“经济泡沫的破裂导致了劳动年龄人口的减少”：根据第四段第一、二句But in 1900, the bubble burst. The working-age share of the population began to fall.（但在1900年，泡沫破裂了。劳动人口的比例开始下降。），这里没有提到经济泡沫破裂和劳动人口减少的直接关系，故错误。C选项“日本的政党制度自二战以来一直是一党执政，直到民主党上台”：根据第二段倒数第二句The Liberal Democratic Party, which

44、had governed almost continuously since the end of the U.S. military occupation following the World War II（自二战后美国军事占领结束以来，自民党几乎一直持续执政），自民党几乎一直持续执政不代表一直执政，故错误。D选项“日本可以从地震中获得的优点压倒了它的风险和后果”：根据第五段最后一句But if rebuilding is handled skillfully, there is hope that a different kind of Japan will emerge.（但如果重建工

45、作处理得当，一个不同类型的日本将有望出现。），文章没有提到地震带来的好处比损失大，只有处理得当，益处才会呈现，故错误。因此A选项正确。25.主旨大意题。文章第一段指出神户因为地震而现代化，后面提到日本的各种问题，再在文章最后展望日本在政治经济方面可能的情况，所以A选项“危机会创造一个新日本吗”正确。B选项“日本大地震的历史”，C选项“日本政府将如何应对311紧急事件”和D选项“3月11日地震和海啸的利弊”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文，故错误。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题After some time the second stage of the space shuttle, having

46、 used up its fuel, just like the booster, separates and_.问题1选项A.runs awayB.charges forC.falls offD.merges into【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项runs away“逃跑；失控”；B选项charges for“索价”；C选项falls off“跌落；下降；离开”；D选项merges into“并入；结合”。句意：过了一段时间，航天飞机的第二级燃料耗尽，像助推器一样分离并_。根据语境，这里指燃料分离和脱落，C选项falls off“跌落；离开”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Wh

47、at makes a great communicator? A willingness to share that driving sense of mission and a burning faith that others will embrace, too.As an entrepreneur, you have an extraordinary story to tell. But whether youre pitching or promoting a service, product, company, or cause, how you craft and deliver

48、your message could mean the difference between making the sale or being shown the door. Some people are simply better than others at articulating their message.Raising the barMy work takes me across the country and exposes me to spokespeople in a variety of industries. But the goals are always the s

49、ame: To articulate a message that meets the demands of contemporary audiences, who want their speakers to be passionate, inspiring, brief, captivating, and clear.As the majority of us are accustomed to PowerPoint shows, 24-hour cable news, and MTV-style videos, our perception of great corporate spea

50、kers has changed. The great spokespeople of our time have raised the bar on what it means to be a business communicatorand youre being compared to them.When CNBC interviews Apple CEO Steve Jobs, youre being compared to him. When C-SPAN brings British Prime Minister Tony Blair into our living rooms e

51、very week, youre being compared to him. When Cisco CEO John Chambers delivers a dazzling PowerPoint show, youre being compared to him. Theyve mastered 10 techniques that set them aparttechniques that I uncovered while researching my new book, “10 Simple Secrets of the Worlds Greatest Business Commun

52、icators.”Pitching with oomphBut enough talk about “the secrets”. Lets get started. Extraordinary entrepreneurs and business professional credit their communication skills for much of their success, and each is fueled by passionate commitment to their service, product, company, or cause. Passion sepa

53、rates the worlds top pitchmen from the vast majority of mediocre presenters. Without passion, you will fail to motivate, inspire, and electrify your audiences.Starbucks Chairman Howard Schultz didnt build one of the most admired brands in the world because he blends the right mix of espresso, steame

54、d milk, and foam. While interviewing Schultz for “10 Simple Secrets”, I quickly realized he doesnt leave his passion at the office. While many of us like coffee even love it, Schultz is passionate about it. Really passionate.During a now-famous trip to Italy, on a piazza in Milan, Schultzs life was

55、forever changed. The Italians were passionate about their coffee, he excitedly told his wife. Schultz brought that passion back to America and transformed a small Seattle coffee-bean store into an American institution. His zeal convinced investors to buy into his concept of bringing Italian-style ca

56、fes to Americaand without it, we never would have been introduced to mocha frappuccinos!Emotional rapportAt this point, some of you might be saying, “My passion is to get rich.” Fine. But Im urging you to dig deeper. You see, Ive personally met and interviewed several entrepreneurs who have joined t

57、he billionaires club. Ive watched them address staff, customers, and investors. Not once did they ever discuss how much joy they get out of being wealthy. Instead, they build an emotional rapport with their listeners by sharing their connection to the topictheir passionthrough personal stories, anec

58、dotes, and examples.Now ask yourself, “Whats my connection to my message?” If youre a financial planner, is it to help your customers avoid the painful debt you saw your parents fall into? It is for Suze Orman, who tapped into that passion to fuel her success as an author and television host. Of you

59、 sell networking hardware, is your passion fueled by the desire to change the way the world lives, works, plays, and learns? It is for Cisco Systems CEO John Chambers, whose passionate vision of the future has earned him a spot as one of the most admired chief executives in corporate America.If you

60、manage a coffee shop or restaurant, is your passion to create a welcoming “third place” between home and work for your customers to enjoy? It is for Howard Schultz, whose passion has literally changed the daily habits of millions of people around the world. So whether youre addressing and audience o

61、f 1 or 1,000, reveal your passion by identifying and sharing your personal connection to your company message. It will set you apart as a speaker.26. Whats the relationship between the last two paragraphs?27. The passage indicates that it is important to _ in business communication.28. This passage

62、is meant to target the following groups of readers EXCEPT _.29. What does the “third place” in the last paragraph refer to?30. By saying “Raising the bar” (Paragraph 3), the author means _.问题1选项A.They both support the same topic sentence.B.They present opposing ideas respectively.C.The latter is the

63、 illustration of the former.D.The latter is the logical result of the former.问题2选项A.establish personal friendshipB.show passion in conveying messageC.employ high communicative skillsD.meet listeners emotional demands问题3选项A.entrepreneursB.salespersonsC.public speakersD.shop owners问题4选项A.A place to enjoy.B.A shop to share your personal information.C.A coffee shop or restaurant.D.A private place to reveal your passion.问题5选项A.a higher standard for business communicatorsB.a better articulation of messages in communicationC.that business communicators should mas