2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题11（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. These differences can create problems.For example, in France, bu

2、siness meetings begin promptly at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insu

3、lting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions. For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. Of course, this currency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, ne

4、cessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars? This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate fro

5、m day to day. For example, the ruble maybe worth 0.75 on Monday and 0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. In addition, there is the dilemma associated with converting at 0.72. Some financial institutions may be unwilling to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink

6、 much lower over the next week. As a result, conversion may finally come at 0.69. These “losses” must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods cr

7、ossing their borders. Some trade barriers are directly related to exports. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common

8、 import barriers are quotas and tariffs.1.The best title for the passage would be（ ）.2.In France, tardy business people（ ）.3.According to the passage, conversion rates（ ）.4.The intended audience of this passage are（ ）.5.Which of the following is likely to be discussed in the next paragraph?问题1选项A.Ho

9、w to Succeed in International TradeB.Monetaiy ConversionC.Trade BarriersD.Unique Problems in International Trade问题2选项A.are often insultedB.often suffer from coldnessC.are often left outdoors waitingD.are often asked to polish their shoes问题3选项A.are always not changingB.are determined by financial ins

10、titutionsC.are agreed upon by two trading countriesD.vary from day to day问题4选项A.professors of economicsB.postgraduate students of international tradeC.beginners of businessD.business people问题5选项A.Export trade barriers.B.Quotas and tariffs.C.Reasons for imposing trading barriers.D.Measures to break d

11、own trade barriers.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段先指出“当企业从事海外业务时通常都会接触到来着不同文化的人”,后面分别从时间观、货币兑换以及贸易壁垒三个方面举例阐述并给出建议。故A项“如何在国际贸易中获得成功”最适合做文章标题。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词tardy business people定位至第二段: Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting

12、them know the importance of promptness (迟到的外贸业务人员通常会 遭遇长吋间等候，这也是一种让他们知道准吋的重要性的方法)。因此C项 “通常需要在门外等候”正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词conversion rates定位至第三段: This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will o

13、ften fluctuate from day to day (汇率是由支持货币流通的市场情况决定的。因此，尽管汇率每天都会波动， 但也会有一个既定的比率),故选C “每天都会变化”。4.判断推理题。文章主要讨论的是海外贸易过程中可能遇到的因地区差异导致的问题,因此推测文章的目标受众是“商业人士”。5.判断推理题。最后一段讲到了国际贸易中的第三个问题-贸易壁垒,最后一句指出: Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs (两种最主要的进口壁垒就是配额与关税),因此推测下一段将讨论“配额与关税”。2. 单选题The

14、individual mobility, convenience, and status given by the private passenger car offer a seemingly unbeatable attraction.In 1987, a record 126,000 cars rolled off assembly lines each working day, and close to 400 million vehicles choke up the worlds streets today.But the cars usefulness to the indivi

15、dual stands in sharp contrast to the costs and burdens that society must shoulder to provide an automobile-centered transportation system.Since the days of Henry Ford, societies have made a steady stream of laws to protect drivers from each other and themselves, as well as to protect the general pub

16、lic from the unintended effects of massive automobile use.Law makers have struggled over the competing goals of unlimited mobility and the individuals fight to be free of the noise, pollution, and physical dangers that the automobile often brings.Prior to the seventies, the autos usefulness and assu

17、red role in society were hardly questioned.Even worries about uprising gas prices and fiiture fuel availability subsided （减退）in the eighties almost as quickly as they had emerged.Car sales recovered, driving is up, and wealthy customers are once more shopping for high performance cars.The motor vehi

18、cle industrys apparent success in dealing with the challenges of the seventies has obscured the harmful long-term trends of automobile centered transportation.Rising gasoline consumption will before long put increased pressure on oil production capacities.In addition, as more and more people can aff

19、ord their own cars and as mass motorization takes hold, traffic jam becomes a tough problem.And motor vehicles are important contributors to urban air pollution, acid rain, and global warming.Societys interest in fuel supply security, the integrity of its cities, and protection of the environment ca

20、lls for a fundamental rethinking of the automobiles role.Stricter fuel economy and pollution standards are the most obvious and immediate measures that can be adopted.But they can only be part of the answer.In the years ahead, the challenge will be to develop innovative（革新的）transportation policies.1

21、.Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?2.The phrase rolled off assembly lines （Para.I, Lines 2） means（ ）.3.The passage states that there is（ ）.4.It is implied that the autos assured role in society is（ ）.5.Stricter fuel economy and pollution standards are（ ）.问题1选项A.A car pr

22、ovides its owner with a sense of safety.B.A good car allows its owner to travel free.C.A good car indicates its owners high social position.D.A car adds to its owners attractiveness.问题2选项A.were turned out from factoriesB.moved along production linesC.moved along the streetsD.were lined up in the str

23、eets问题3选项A.a sharp contrast between the cost and usefulness of the carsB.a sharp contrast between the cost and performance of the carsC.a sharp conflict between car drivers and traffic rulesD.a sharp contradiction between the convenience of car owners and the burdens of society问题4选项A.threatened by t

24、he rising gas pricesB.challenged by a series of fundamental problemsC.protected by lawD.firmly established问题5选项A.only part of the solution to massive automobile useB.the best way to cope with the massive use of carsC.innovative transportation policiesD.future policies of the automobile industry【答案】第

25、1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“The individual mobility, convenience, and status given by the private passenger car offer a seemingly unbeatable attraction. 私人轿车给个人所带来的流动性、便利性和地位，似乎具有无与伦比的吸引力。”由此可知，一辆好车能够彰显车主较高的社会地位。选项C符合原文。2.判断推理题。roll off指的是“从.复印出.”；assembly lines指的是“工厂组装线”。车从工厂组装线复印出

26、，也就是说，车被一辆一辆的组装生产出来，所以选项D为正确答案。3.细节事实题。根据第二段首句 “ But the cars usefulness to the individual stands in sharp contrast to the costs and burdens that society must shoulder to provide an automobile-centered transportation system但是汽车对个人的有用性与社会为提供一个以汽车为中心的交通系统所必须承担的成本和负担形成了鲜明的对比。”也就是汽车给车主带来的便利与给社会带来的负担之间的尖

27、锐矛盾，所以选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据第三段的首句“Prior to the seventies, the autos usefulness and assured role in society were hardly questioned. 在七十年代之前，汽车的实用性和它在社会中的作用几乎没有受到质疑。”但是在最后一段首句，作者提到“Societys interest in fuel supply security, the integrity of its cities, and protection of the environment calls for a fundam

28、ental rethinking of the automobiles role. 社会对燃料供应的安全性、城市完整性和对环境保护的关注，要求我们从根本上重新思考汽车的作用。”也就是说，曾经汽车在社会中可靠的角色现在受到了一系列根本问题的挑战，所以选项B正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二、三句“Stricter fuel economy and pollution standards are the most obvious and immediate measures that can be adopted. But they can only be part of the answer

29、. 更严格的燃油经济性和污染标准是可以采取的最明显和最直接的措施。但它们只是答案的一部分。”由此可知，这只是大规模汽车使用的部分解决方案。选项A符合原文。3. 单选题This transformation is marked by several developments. Almost all the major armed conflictsin the world today are internal, there are unfolding within （1） boundaries and typically are being fought by multiple semi-aut

30、onomous armed groups. These conflicts are（2） by a particular brand of lawlessness, cruelty and chaos. In particular, they are defined by the systematic and widespread targeting of civilian （3）.（4） these situations, warring parties routinelyignore international humanitarian law, which has traditional

31、ly moderated, if not governed, the conduct of inter-state （5）.These conflicts tend to be protracted, lasting （6） if not decades, often in recurring （7）,thus exposing successive genera（8） soldiers. Another feature of these conflicts is the proliferation of light-weight （9） that are easily assembled a

32、nd borne by children. Moreover the （10） use of anti-personnel landmines has exacerbated the vulnerability of children in these situations.问题1选项A.nationalB.internationalC.externalD.internal问题2选项A.namedB.characterizedC.labeledD.called问题3选项A.peoplesB.personC.menD.populations问题4选项A.UnderB.OnC.InD.With问题

33、5选项A.warsB.battlesC.fightsD.disputes问题6选项A.monthsB.yearsC.hoursD.days问题7选项A.recyclesB.circlesC.cyclesD.loops问题8选项A.infantB.babyC.childrenD.child问题9选项A.gunsB.weaponsC.pistolsD.rifles问题10选项A.indiscriminateB.discriminateC.discriminatingD.discriminated【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:C第9题:B第10

34、题:A【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项national表示“国家的”，B选项international表示“国际的，世界的”，C选项external表示“外部的，外面的”，D选项internal表示“内部的，国内的”。根据Almost all the major armed conflicts in the world today are internal可知“当今世界，几乎所有主要的武装冲突都是内部的”可知，这些冲突不会逾越国家的范畴，因此within national boundaries符合上下文，故本题正确答案为A。2.考查固定搭配。词组be characterized by表示

35、“具有的特性；以为特征”。四个选项中只有B选项可以与by构成搭配，故本题正确答案为B。3.考查名词词义辨析。根据句意，空缺处应填入表示“人们”的名词且应为复数，故排除peoples （民族）和表示单数的person（人）。populations意为各地人口，表示一个群体，比一般意义的men更符合上下文语义，因此本题正确答案选D。4.考查固定搭配。词组under these situations表示“在这种情形下”。5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 wars表示“战争”，是总称，一般包括多个大规模战役；B选项battles表示“战争，竞争，搏斗”，侧重某一次具体全面的战斗；C选项fights表示“打

36、架，斗争”，侧重描述战争的动作；D选项disputes表示“争论，争端”，侧重意见有分歧。四个选项中disputes “争端”范围最广。因此，本题正确答案为D项。6.考查逻辑关系。根据句中关键信息decades “数十年”可知空缺处填years最符合句意。故本题正确答案为B项。7.考查固定搭配。分析空缺处句子可知，in recurring 是方式状语，A选项recycles表示“回收，循环利用”，B选项circles表示“圆，循环”，C选项cycles表示“周期，循环”，D选项loops表示“环形，环状结构”。只有C选项可以与in构成词组in cycles，表示“周期性地（发生）”，而inre

37、curring cycles表示“重复周期性地（发生）”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。8.考查语法结构。空缺处填入的名词作soldiers的定语，soldiers为复数，所以修饰部分的名词也用复数，children soldiers 表示“童子军”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。9.考查名词词义辨析。空缺处填入的名词被light-weight（轻型的）所修饰。A选项guns表示“枪，炮”，B选项weapons表示“武器”，C选项pistols表示“手枪”，D选项rifles表示“步枪”。根据上下文可知，此处并不能确定使用的是哪种枪支，故选择weapons“武器”表示的范围最广。因此，本题正确答案为B

38、项。10.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项indiscriminate表示“任意的，无差别的，不分青红皂白的”；B选项discriminate表示“v. 区别，辨别”；C选项discriminating表示“不公平对待的，有辨识的”；D选项discriminated表示“受歧视的”。根据句中关键信息has exacerbated the vulnerability of children（加剧了儿童的脆弱性）可知，空缺处选择A项最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。4. 单选题To survive in the intense trade competition between countries,

39、 we must（ ）the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.问题1选项A.improveB.enhanceC.gearD.guarantee【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项improve“改善，增加”；B选项enhance“提高，加强”；C选项 gear“使.适合”，后面通常接介词to；D选项guarantee“担保，保证”。句意：为了在国家间激烈的贸易竞争中生存，我们必须使我们生产的产品的质量和种类适应世界市场的需求。选项C更符合语境。5. 单选题Students or te

40、achers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular （ ）.问题1选项A.gapsB.rateC.lengthD.intervals【答案】D【解析】句意:学生或老师可以每隔一段时间就进行一次短途旅行，到海岛附近美丽的沙滩上去。考查短语辨析。at.rate 以速度：at intervals 不时，每隔一段时间; at length 详尽地; at gap,无此搭配。故选D。6. 单选题The president made a（ ）speech at the opening cer

41、emony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.问题1选项A.vigorousB.tediousC.flatD.harsh【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。vigorous “充满活力的，精力充沛的”; tedious “冗长的，单调乏味的”；flat “平淡的，平坦的”；harsh “严酷的，恶劣的”。句意：校长在运动会的开幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演讲，这极大地鼓舞了运动员们。根据下文which从句的内容可知这个演讲是慷慨激昂的，故A项符合题意，答案选A。7. 单选题Over a third of the p

42、opulation was estimated to have no（ ）to the health service问题1选项A.assessmentB.accessC.assignmentD.exception【答案】B【解析】考查词组的固定搭配。A选项assessment表示“评定，估价”；B选项access表示“进入，通道，机会”；C选项assignment表示“分配，任务”；D选项exception表示“例外，异议”。词组have access to可表示“使用，接近，可以利用”，其余3项不可与have构成搭配。句意：估计有超过三分之一的人口没有享受到医疗服务。因此本题正确答案为B选项

43、。8. 单选题I wish （ ）that much money last month.问题1选项A.I had not spentB.did not spentC.would not have spentD.have not spent【答案】A【解析】考察虚拟语气。根据last month可知此处是与过去事实相反的情况，因此wish后面要用过完完成时态。选项A符合题意。句意：我希望我上个月没花这么多钱。9. 单选题10. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe（ ）Europ

44、e into a great war.问题1选项A.insertedB.pitchedC.plungedD.imposed【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。insert “插入，嵌入”后接in/ into/ between；pitch “用力扔，投，抛”；plunge“使陷入（某种状态），把抛进”，常和介词into搭配使用; impose “迫使，把强加于”，常和介词on/upon搭配使用。句意：1914年，发生在东欧一个偏僻地区的一件微不足道的小事使欧洲陷入了一场大战。根据题干介词into 可知只有C项符合。答案选C。10. 单选题For some crimes, and under cert

45、ain conditions, a police officer must obtain a court order called（ ）before making an arrest.问题1选项A.warrantB.registryC.legislationD.battery【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项warrant表示“根据，证明，正当理由”；B选项registry表示“注册，登记”；C选项legislation表示“立法”；D选项battery表示“电池；（法）殴打；炮台”。由句中a court order “一种法院命令”以及关键信息before making an arr

46、est “在实施逮捕之前”可知，这是空缺处应该是指逮捕罪犯的证明或者逮捕令。因此，本题正确答案为A项。【句意】对于某些犯罪，在一定条件下，警察在实施逮捕之前必须获得法院的命令，也就是逮捕令。11. 单选题The puzzle of left-handedness seems to be a modest growth area in current research. One of the latest proposals links left-handedness both with an overproduction of the male hormone and with deficie

47、ncies in the bodys automatic defense mechanisms, although it is not clear whether the overproduction of hormone causes the defense defect, or is simply one symptom of a general imbalance. Could this explain why 13 per cent of male children, but only 10 per cent of females, are left-handed?Today, ver

48、y roughly 10 per cent of the population is left-handed. The odd thing is that this percentage seems to have remained constant throughout history, and indeed throughout human prehistory. From written records, and even painting, researchers can get a guide to the incidence of left-handedness among our

49、 recent ancestorsLooking further back, some experts claim to be able to tell from the shaping of flint(打火石) tools whether our Stone Age forebears were left-or right-handed while the habit of cave painters of leaving hand prints (as “signatures”)on walls at least tells us which hand an individual use

50、d for marking walls. The evidence suggests that 10 per cent of the population was left-handed.This is a common evolutionary pattern where there are variations that each provides some advantage for the individual that carries them, but not an overwhelming advantage, so that all the variations exist s

51、omewhere in the population.A balance is struck in which the proportions of the population in which each version is expressed stay roughly the same form generation to generation - as in the case of blood groups, for example. There must be some advantage, in Darwinian terms, in being a left-hander amo

52、ng a population of predominantly right-handed people. But this is very different from the pattern seen in most animals.Our near relatives, the chimpanzees, also show individual preference for one hand or the other, but half the chimp population is left-handed. Even rats show the same split - 50 per

53、cent left-pawed and 50 per cent right-pawed. Man may not quite be unique among mammals; there have been claims that polar bears are more likely to be left-handed than right, although understandably few experiments have been done with polar bears under laboratory conditions. But by comparison with ou

54、r cousin apes, it looks as if research into left-handedness in people may be asking the wrong question.The real puzzle is not why 10 per cent of people are left-handed, but why 90 per cent are right-handed. What has happened to the human species, in evolutionary terms, to tilt the balance away from

55、left-handers in favor of right-handers? Why is man the right-handed ape? Nobody has a satisfactory answer. But it is one of the curiosities of scientific research that studies of something seemingly so mundane as left-handedness in people could actually shed new light on human evolution.1.The articl

56、e suggests that left-handedness might be due to（ ）2.It appears from the article that （ ）3.What do we learn about polar bears?4.What advantage is shown in being a left-hander?5.From the passage, we can guess the word “mundane” in the last paragraph means（ ）.问题1选项A.a shortage of male hormoneB.very wea

57、k defense mechanismsC.an excess of male hormoneD.there being more male than female children问题2选项A.there were more left-handed people in ancient timesB.the percentage of left-handers hasnt changedC.there were fewer left-handed people in ancient timeD.the number of left-handers hasnt really changed问题3

58、选项A.It is impossible to do laboratory experiments with them.B.There are more right-handed than left-handed ones.C.They are probably not all left-handed.D.There are more left-handed than right-handed ones.问题4选项A.No clear advantage is shown.B.You always belong to, the same blood group.C.You belong to

59、an important minority.D.You are free to make a choice.问题5选项A.strangeB.ordinaryC.confusingD.interesting【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段“One of the latest proposals links left-handedness both with an overproduction of the male hormone and with deficiencies in the bodys automatic defense

60、 mechanisms.”可知，最新一项研究表明左撇子可能与雄激素产生过剩以及人体自动防御机制缺陷有关，故A选项错误，C选项正确。原文指的是自动防御机制缺陷而非薄弱，故B项错误。D项内容与题目无关。因此，本题选择C选项最符合题意。2.推理判断题。本题询问古今左撇子人数变化趋势。根据原文第二段第二句“The odd thing is that this percentage seems to have remained constant throughout history, and indeed throughout human prehistory”可知，虽然随着人类发展，人口数目发生了变化

61、，但是左撇子所占的比例几乎维持不变。因此，本题正确答案为B项。3.细节事实题。题干询问北极熊的相关情况。根据原文倒数第二段“polar bears are more likely to be left-handed than right, although understandably few experiments have been done with polar bears under laboratory conditions”可知，虽然难以在实验室中对北极熊做实验，但是左撇子的北极熊更多，故B项错误，D选项正确。原文只是说针对北极熊进行的实验室实验比较少，但并不是说不可能，故A项与原

62、文不符。在提及北极熊前，原文提到哺乳动物不止人类有左撇子和右撇子之分，则说明北极熊肯定也会有这样的区别，故C选项“它们可能不都是左撇子”错误。因此，本题正确答案为D。4.细节事实题。题干询问左撇子有何优势。由原文第五段可知，用达尔文的话说，在以右撇子为主的人群中，左撇子肯定有一些优势。但这些优势是什么，文中并没有提及，故A项正确，B、C、D均未在原文出现。因此本题正确答案为A选项。5.词义推断题。将“mundane”定位到原文最后一句。根据原文内容可推断左撇子的研究虽说表面上看起来不足为奇，但是却可能会对人类进化带来新的启示。故B项“ordinary”更符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。12. 单选题Through the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understa