2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题6（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题6（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题6（附答案详解）（21页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Parents of wailing babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents attention. Exactly why evolution has produ

2、ced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.(1) Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. “It may point researchers in the right direction to find the causes of excessive crying,” said Joseph Soltis, a bioaco

3、ustics expert at Disneys Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetl

4、es and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes.Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. (2) But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more atte

5、ntion.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. (3) Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisement

6、s.Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment.The babies of rhesus macaque monkeys cry out to their mothers and t

7、end to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms.“Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries,” said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University o

8、f Chicago, (4) “But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses.”Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chim

9、panzee babies. “Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop,” Bard said. “Ive never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable.”Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have al

10、so shaped the cries of human babies. “All primate infants cry,” Maestripieri said. (5) “Its a very conserved behavior. Its not something humans have evolved on their own.”【答案】1. 有一天，也许这个答案会解开人类婴儿哭泣之谜。2. 但说到基因方面的原因，你可能会认为自然选择会倾向于吵闹的孩子的基因，因为他们会得到更多的关注。3. 因此，有的进化生物学家提出，自然选择会倾向于所谓的诚实宣传。4. 但随着叫声越来越多，母亲的反

11、应也越来越少，因为她们开始怀疑哭声的真实性。所以婴儿的嗷叫随之变少。5. “这是一种非常保守的行为。这不是人类自己进化出来的。”2. 单选题Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.问题1选项A.must makeB.should have madeC.would makeD.could have made【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：有些妇女本可以在工作中获得高薪而不是呆在家里，但她

12、们为了家庭而决定不工作。must do“必须做某事”；should have done“过去本应该做某事却未做”；would do“过去将会做某事”；could have done“过去本能够做某事却未做”。根据语境，这里指的是过去本可以工作却没有去工作，D选项could have made符合题意。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by everyone.问题1选项A.presentsB.ought to presentC.would presentD.present【答案】D【解析】【

13、试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：大家接受了由市长颁奖的建议。一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(demand, require, request, desire)后面可以跟宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，即其谓语部分用should+动词原形，其中should可省略。这里suggest跟宾语从句，用虚拟语气，D选项“present”符合题意。A选项presents，B选项ought to present和C选项would present用法错误。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题To handle the deli

14、cate situation, you must be _.问题1选项A.carefully enoughB.enough carefullyC.more than carefulD.more carefully【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。more than用于形容词或副词前，意思为“非常；十分”。根据be动词后接形容词确定C选项more than careful“非常小心”正确。其余选项中carefully是副词，不放在be动词后面。句意：要处理这个微妙的局面，你必须非常小心。C选项符合题意。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题_ she realized it was too la

15、te to go home.问题1选项A.No sooner it grew dark thanB.Hardly did it grow dark thatC.Scarcely had it grown dark thanD.It was not until dark that【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到天黑，她才意识到太晚了，不能回家了。A、B、C选项意思为“一就”；A选项no soonerthan置于句首，前面部分倒装；B选项hardlywhen“”和C选项scarcelywhen是固定搭配。D选项it is not untilthat“直到才”用法正确。因此D选项

16、正确。6. 单选题The alcohol intake of Greeks is also modest _ European terms, but theyre the biggest smokers in the 15-country bloc, _ up eight times a day for every man, woman and child.问题1选项A.during, lightedB.in, lightingC.for, lightedD.as, lighting【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配与非谓语动词。句意：在欧洲，希腊人的饮酒量也不算高，但他们却是15国中

17、吸烟人数最多的国家，男女老少平均每天要抽8次烟。根据固定搭配in terms of“在方面，从角度”，确定第一根横线用介词in；第二根横线考查非谓语动词，其逻辑主语和本句的主语一致，动作是主语主动发出，确定用现在分词lighting，B选项in, lighting符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题When you chose a piece of cloth, the most important thing that you should pay attention to is its _.问题1选项A.textileB.contentC.styleD.texture【答案】D【解析】【

18、试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项textile“纺织品”；B选项content“含量；（书、讲话、节目等的）主题，主要内容”；C选项style“设计式样；（某个时期或群体的艺术）风格”；D选项texture“质地，手感；口感”。句意：当你选择一块布的时候，最重要的是要注意它的质地。根据语境，这里在讲如何挑选布料，布料的_非常重要，D选项texture“质地，手感”符合题意；而C选项style“设计式样；（某个时期或群体的艺术）风格”形容服装更合适，布料没太多设计样式和风格可言。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题It was courageous enough for Galileo to _ the

19、falling object theory developed by Aristotle, the authoritative Greek scientist.问题1选项A.advanceB.defyC.justifyD.translate【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advance“（常指为攻击而）前进；（尤指知识）发展”；B选项defy“违抗；向挑战”；C选项justify“证明有理”；D选项translate“翻译；转化”。句意：伽利略有足够的勇气_由权威的希腊科学家亚里斯多德提出的落体理论。根据语境，这里指伽利略为了科学的发展而质疑落体理论，B选项defy“违抗；向

20、挑战”符合题意。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _ trouble over the figures.问题1选项A.extraB.supremeC.extensiveD.spare【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项extra“额外的，附加的”；B选项supreme“极其的”；C选项extensive“广阔的，广大的”；D选项spare“备用的；闲置的”。句意：为了让他的老板知道他是一个细心的员工，他在数字上花了_心思。根据语境，这里指的是特别花心思让老板

21、知道他的细心，A选项extra“额外的，附加的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题Kuwait is famous for its _ resources.问题1选项A.fameB.jawC.petroleumD.jar【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fame“名声，声誉”；B选项jaw“下颌”；C选项petroleum“石油”；D选项jar“（玻璃）罐子；坛子”。句意：科威特以其_资源而闻名。根据语境，这里要表达的是科威特因为拥有某个资源而出名，C选项petroleum“石油”符合题意。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题Nobody believes he made su

22、ch a foolish mistake. People say he is very _.问题1选项A.experienceB.careerC.accurateD.actual【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项experience“经验；阅历”；B选项career“职业生涯”；C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”；D选项actual“实际的；（强调事情最重要的部分）真正的”。句意：没有人相信他犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。因为人们认为他非常_。根据语境，这里指的是在别人眼中，他做事不会行差踏错，C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”符合题意，指的是他非常可靠。因此C选

23、项正确。12. 翻译题(1) Stan Belin (斯坦贝林) was born in the 1930s to an urban family locked in the grip of the Great Depression. His was a fractured family, one in which his parents fought constantly. I lived with a feeling of impending doom, he says. This fear drove him to be a model child.Stan has a vivid me

24、mory of once leaning against a bridge railing as a boy and gazing at a handsome party boat passing below. He could see people on deck enjoying their outing. (2) It was a scene of comfort and luxury he could hardly have imagined. That mental picture influenced the boys idea of success. His goals beca

25、me money, power, and prestige.Stan did well in school. He found his greatest academic success in his science courses. But he lacked the confidence to pursue a medical career and turned to dentistry as a quicker route to his lifes goals.(3) He married a young woman he had known since high school, and

26、 for over 20 years Stan and Jane lived a life that many people would envy. His reputation spread, the money started rolling in and he was appointed to a prestigious position by his state government. Two healthy children were born.(4) The family had a magnificent house, expensive automobiles and took

27、 exotic vacations.The crowning touch for Stan came when he bought a luxury yacht and sailed to the bridge where, as a child, he had first glimpsed what he hoped would be his future. “I told Jane the story,” he says. (5) “As I spoke, I realized that something was all wrong. I possessed everything I h

28、ad ever dreamed of, but I felt very sad and hopeless. What was worse, I knew it would never change.”Then in the early 1980s, a doctor friend invited Stan to dinner. The friend said he had been using cocaine as an antidepressant. He described it as a marvelous no addictive drug. Stan decided the drug

29、 might be just right for his own depression.【答案】1. 斯坦贝林出生于20世纪30年代一个陷入经济大萧条困境之中的城市家庭。2. 这种舒适与奢侈的情景是他无法想象的。这一情景铭刻在他的脑海里，影响着他对成功的看法。3. 他娶了一位中学时代就认识的女子为妻，20多年来，他和妻子简过着令人称羡的生活。4. 他们有华丽的住宅和昂贵的汽车，还常常出国度假。5. 说话时，我忽然意识到情况很不对劲。我已拥有曾经梦寐以求的一切，但却感到悲伤无望。更糟糕的是，我知道这种状况将永远不会改变。13. 单选题At the meeting both sides excha

30、nged their views on a wide _ of topics they were interested in.问题1选项A.extentB.numberC.collectionD.range【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项extent“程度；大小，面积”；B选项number“数量；号码”；C选项collection“收集物”；D选项range“类”，a wide range of“大范围的；多种多样的”。句意：双方就感兴趣的_议题交换了意见。根据语境，这里指的是双方有很多感兴趣的议题，D选项range符合题意。因此D选项正确。14. 单选题I certainl

31、y didnt intend to _ your plans.问题1选项A.upsetB.shakeC.shaveD.drag【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项upset“打乱；打翻”；B选项shake“摇动，抖动”；C选项shave“剃毛”；D选项drag“（使劲而吃力地）拖”。句意：我当然不想_你的计划。根据语境，这里指的是不想妨碍计划，A选项upset“打乱”符合题意。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题You must be very careful; the work _ precision.问题1选项A.retainsB.entailsC.retailsD.repels【

32、答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retains“保持”；B选项entails“牵涉；需要”；C选项retails“述说（尤指别人的事情）”；D选项repels“击退；赶走”。句意：你必须非常小心；这项工作_精确。根据语境，这里指这是份细致的工作，B选项entails“牵涉；需要”符合题意。因此B选项正确。16. 单选题“The Google brand has taken on a life of its own,” concedes Jim Lanzone, the boss of A, the fourth-largest but fastest-growing searc

33、h engine, and this simultaneously frustrates and delights him. It frustrates him bemuse people say they “Google” things even when they go to Ask or other engines to search the web; bemuse Google is considered, for no good reason (in his opinion), “the safe choice under pressure”; and bemuse many peo

34、ple “dont seem to want choice” and stick to Google out of mere inertia.But it delights him, because Google, having made many enemies, must now fight many battles; and because Google, perhaps out of hubris, appears to be getting distracted. This month, for instance, Google unveiled a free online spre

35、adsheet program, which, like many Google products, has little to do with web search and is meant to needle Microsoft, the worlds largest software company, which has a near-monopoly on spreadsheets through Excel. Google, in other words, has impressive momentum, says Mr. Lanzone, but a good martial-ar

36、tist can use his opponents momentum to overcome him, so “were using search aikido”.Yahoo!, the largest internet portal with about 400m users (of its e-mail, instant-messaging, music and other products), has come up with a strategy to differentiate its own search engine. Yahoo! has been at this game

37、for only two years, but now has hundreds of engineers working on it. In contrast to the quasi-religious faith that Google places in its mathematical algorithms, says Eckart Walther, one of Yahoo!s search bosses, Yahoo! is “about combining the best of people with the best of technology”.Ask is taking

38、 a different tack. It has come up with Expert Rank, an algorithm that also ranks web pages by incoming links and links by theme. So instead of using a web pages overall popularity to calculate its ranking, it finds the pages that are most popular among experts on a particular subject, a method that

39、often returns better results than Googles. Ask also uses these thematic clusters to suggest the best ways to narrow or expand a search, a feature called “zoom” that is very popular. Chris Sherman of Search Engine Watch thinks that Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbut better than Genie

40、for finding online maps and images.As for Microsoft, it has identified Google as a mortal threat to its business and has launched an all-out effort to catch up in online services in general, and in search in particular. Last winter, it tried to buy itself market share by negotiating with AOL for a m

41、ergeror at least an agreement under which AOL would switch from Googles search technology to MSNs; but Google pre-empted Microsoft and itself took a defensive stake in AOL. Microsoft has also hired former rivals who are well respected in the industry.1. What is the central idea of this passage?2. Wh

42、at is the potential crisis for Google according to Jim Lanzone?3. What is the possible meaning of “aikido” in Paragraph 2?4. Which of the statement is NOT true about Expert Rank?5. Which is the reaction taken to cope with Googles challenge?问题1选项A.Google manages to seize more market share in software

43、 business.B.Googles growth threatens companies like Microsoft to a large extent.C.Google dominates the on-line search market.D.Google is confronted with stiff competition.问题2选项A.Its rivals are trying to form alliance.B.Google extends into various fields.C.Google overestimates its technique.D.Googles

44、 new on-line program attracts more users.问题3选项A.Observing the power contrast between the two sides.B.Temporary compromising in attempt to launch a violent fight-back.C.Defending oneself by making use of the rivals strength.D.Attacking the obvious weakness of the opponent.问题4选项A.Ranking is seldom cou

45、nted by the pages popularity.B.Relevant information can be effectively and efficiently sought.C.It searches information prevailing in experts on particular topics.D.It even outdoes Google.问题5选项A.Developing spreadsheets with better functions.B.The addition of humanistic consideration to arithmetic ru

46、les.C.Linking pages by themes.D.Combing the rivals of Google.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎业务的用户有转向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿，第二段提出谷歌扩展业务遇到强劲对手，接下来三段都在讲谷歌的竞争对手具体采取的措施和谷歌竞争，D选项“谷歌面临激烈竞争”正确。A选项“谷歌设法在软件业务中夺取更多的市场份额”，B选项“谷歌的增长在很大程度上威胁到了微软这样的公司”和C选项“谷歌主导了在线搜索市场”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此

47、D选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】语义推测题。文章在第一段提出许多人因为惯性而用谷歌，第二段第一句提出But it delights him, because Google, having made many enemies, must now fight many battles; and because Google, perhaps out of hubris, appears to be getting distracted.（但他很高兴，因为他已经树敌无数，现在必须打许多仗；因为谷歌，也许是狂妄自大，似乎分心了。），第二段第二句提出This month, for instan

48、ce, Google unveiled a free online spreadsheet program（例如，本月谷歌推出了一款免费的在线电子表格程序），列举了谷歌在其他领域的业务，可知这里表示的是谷歌的业务扩展到各个领域，一方面对外有很多竞争者，一方面对内可能精力不足，B选项“谷歌扩展到各个领域”正确。A选项“其对手正试图结成联盟”，C选项“谷歌高估了它的技术”和D选项“谷歌新的在线节目吸引了更多的用户”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。aikido的意思是“合气道（以擒、摔为主的一种日本武术）”。根据第二段最后一句a good martial-a

49、rtist can use his opponents momentum to overcome him, so “were using search aikido”（一个好的武术家可以利用他的对手的势头来战胜他，所以“我们使用搜索合气道”），所以在这里合气道的意思是利用对手的攻势来反攻对方，C选项“利用对手的力量保护自己”正确。A选项“观察双方的力量对比”，B选项“为了发动暴力反击而做出的暂时妥协”和D选项“攻击对手的明显弱点”：不符合题意。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第三句So instead of using a web pages overall

50、 popularity to calculate its ranking, it finds the pages that are most popular among experts on a particular subject, a method that often returns better results than Googles.（因此，它不是按照网页总浏览量来计算排序，而是通过专家对某个题目的关注程度排序，这种方法得到的结果往往比谷歌更好。），可知完全不以网页的受欢迎程度计算排名，A选项“排序很少以页面的受欢迎程度来计算”不符合文章内容，故正确；C选项“它搜索专家对特定主题的

51、常关注的信息”和D选项“它甚至超过谷歌”符合文章内容。根据第四段最后一句Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbut better than Genie for finding online maps and images（在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好），可知B选项“能够有效和高效地寻找相关信息”符合文章内容。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Chris Sherman of Search Engine Watch thinks that A

52、sk is as good as Google for general web searchbut better than Genie for finding online maps and images.（Search Engine Watch的克里斯谢尔曼认为，在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好。）和第五段第二句Last winter, it tried to buy itself market share by negotiating with AOL for a mergeror at least an agreement under

53、which AOL would switch from Googles search technology to MSNs（去年冬天，它试图通过与AOL的谈判来购买自己的市场份额或者至少达成一项协议，让AOL从谷歌的搜索技术转向MSN的搜索技术），可知各个公司在关注谷歌竞争对手的产品质量以及和其他公司联合，D选项“观察联合谷歌的竞争对手”正确。A选项“开发功能更好的电子表格”：不是任何一个公司的举措。B选项“算术规则中增加了对于人文的考虑”：根据第三段最后一句Yahoo! is “about combining the best of people with the best of techn

54、ology”（雅虎是“将最优秀的人与最优秀的技术结合起来”），可知这是雅虎的措施。C选项“通过主题链接页面”：根据第四段第二句It has come up with Expert Rank, an algorithm that also ranks web pages by incoming links and links by theme.（Ask推出了“专家排名”算法，该算法还可以根据传入链接和主题对网页进行排名。），可知这是Ask的措施。因此C选项正确。17. 单选题Their room was on the third floor, its window _ the sports gr

55、ound.问题1选项A.overlooksB.overlookingC.overlookedD.to overlook【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：他们的房间在三楼，从窗户可以俯瞰运动场。逗号前句子结构完整，逗号后阐述的对象换成its window并且和overlook构成主谓关系，但是没有引导词来构成从句，确定考查独立主格结构。根据its window和overlook构成主动关系，确定用现在分词形式，B选项overlooking符合题意。A选项overlooks是一般现在时第三人称单数，C选项overlooked是过去分词，表示被动，D选项to overlook是不

56、定式结构，表示目的。因此B选项正确。18. 单选题She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long.问题1选项A.has been readingB.had readC.is readingD.read【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意：她应该停止工作；她因为看书太久而头痛。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，或者刚刚终止。根据前半句她应该停止工作可知看书的动作从过去持续到现在，可能要继续下去，确定用现在完成进行时，A选项has been reading符合题意。B

57、选项had read是过去完成时，动作发生在过去的过去，侧重事情的结果；C选项is reading是正在进行时，动作正在发生；D选项read是一般现在时或一般过去时。因此A选项正确。19. 单选题In the _ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.问题1选项A.faceB.timeC.eventD.course【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in the face of“面对”；B选项in the time of“在时间段”；C选项in the e

58、vent of“万一，倘若”；D选项in the course of“在过程中”。句意：_项目不成功，投资者将损失高达3000万美元。根据语境，这里指项目失败的结果是损失3000万美金，C选项in the event of“万一，倘若”符合题意。因此C选项正确。20. 单选题The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research o

59、rganization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in

60、the twenty-first century.Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older

61、 skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U.S. economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medic

62、aid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social S