2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前模拟强化练习题61（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题No form of government in the world is （ ）; each system reflects the history and present needs of the region or the nation.问题1选项A.dominantB.influentialC.integralD.drastic【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。dominant “显性的，占优势的，统治的”；influential “有影响力的”；integral “积分的，完整的”；drastic “激烈的，猛烈

2、的”。句意：世界上没有任何一种政体是占统治地位的，每一种制度都反映了该地区或民族的历史和现实需要。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Having a (n) （ ） attitude towards people with different ideas is an indication that one has been well educated.问题1选项A.analyticalB.bearableC.elasticD.tolerant【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。analytical “分析的，解析的”；bearable “可忍受的”；elastic “有弹性的”；tolerant “宽

3、容的，容忍的”。句意：一个人如果对持不同观点的人持宽容的态度，说明他受过良好的教育。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, （ ）in the San Francisco area.问题1选项A.remarkablyB.severelyC.drasticallyD.predominantly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。remarkably “显著地，惊人地”；severely “严重地，严格地”；drastically “彻底地，激烈地”；predominantly “主

4、要地，显著地”。句意：在美国，三分之一的中国人居住在加利福尼亚，大多数主要居住在旧金山地区。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题They gathered （ ） information before designing the measuring equipment.问题1选项A.a great manyB.vast amounts ofC.a large number ofD.a number of【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。A great many, a large number of和a number of后都接可数名词，information为不可数名词，所以选用vast amount of

5、，句意：他们在设计测量设备之前收集了大量的信息。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Family disruption has been suggested as a central cause of many troublesome social problems. More than half of the dramatic increase in child poverty in the 1980s （ ） to it.问题1选项A.are contributedB.are contributableC.is attributingD.is attributable【答案】D【解析】语法题。co

6、ntribute “贡献，出力”；attribute “归因于”。词组attribute to通常用于一般现在时态，选项C可排除。句意：有人认为家庭破裂是许多棘手的社会问题的主要原因。上世纪80年代，儿童贫困的急剧增加，有一半以上的问题要归因于贫困。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilizations every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism and

7、 gravitation: their effects can be measured and predicted but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish brown gum. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discove

8、r what these mysterious forces “really” are. “Electricity”, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified we have told all there is

9、to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle for example whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, tha

10、t it is a self-evident principal that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because thats where they belong and smoke goes up because thats where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem scien

11、ce was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.1.The aim of controlled scientific experiment is （ ）.2.What principals most influenced scientific thought for two thousand

12、years?3.Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is （ ）.4.The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea （ ）.5.Modem science came into being （ ）.问题1选项A.to explain why things happenB.to explain how things happenC.to describe self-evident principlesD.to support Aristotelian

13、science问题2选项A.The influence of St. PaulsB.The forces of electricity magnetism and gravityC.Aristotles natural scienceD.Galileos discoveries.问题3选项A.disapproved of by most modem scientistsB.in agreement with Aristotles theory of self-evident principlesC.in agreement with scientific investigation direc

14、ted toward “how” things happenD.in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why” things happen问题4选项A.that there are mysterious forces in the universeB.that man cannot discover what forces “really” areC.that there are self-evident principalsD.that we can discover why things behave as

15、they do问题5选项A.when the method of controlled experiment was first introducedB.when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happenC.when Aristotelian scientists tried to explain why things happenD.when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节理

16、解题。根据文章最后一句，“Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.”，可知现代科学诞生于伽利略开始解释事物是如何发生的，并由此产生了控制实验的方法，这种方法现在构成了科学研究的基础。可判断出控制实验的方法目的在于解释事情是如何发生的。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题

17、。根据文章, “Aristotle for example whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles.”，可知以亚里士多德为例，他的自然科学主宰了西方两千年的思想，他相信人可以通过自明的原理进行推理来理解现实。可判断出两千多年来，对科学思想影响最大的原则是亚里士多德的自然科学。选项C符合题

18、意。3.细节理解题。根据文章，“Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, is not a thing like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified we have told all there is to tell.”，可知罗素对电的看法是：电不是一种物质，而是一

19、种事物表现的方式，当我们解释了事物通电时的表现，以及在什么情况下通电时，我们已经解释了所有。可判断出罗素关于电的解释与科学调查的结果相一致，其目的是弄清事情是如何发生的。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。文章提出随着人类文明探索的进步，人类无法解释一些神秘力量的本质，后面举了罗素的和亚里士多德的观点为例子，说明人类能够通过对原理进行推理，解释神秘力量的本质和事物为何发生。可判断出最近科学家才开始同意现代科学能够对科学中的神秘力量进行解释。选项B符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to expl

20、ain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.”，可知现代科学诞生于伽利略开始解释事物是如何发生的，并由此产生了控制实验的方法，这种方法现在构成了科学研究的基础。可判断出当控制实验方法首次被引入时，现代科学诞生了。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsay

21、ing the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.A

22、dministrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the perm

23、ission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the year as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father

24、has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yar

25、dstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics a

26、nd at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which

27、the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that are child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.1.The central idea conveyed in th

28、e above passage is that （ ）.2.The author directly discusses the fact that （ ）.3.A method of parent-teacher communication Not mentioned or referred to by the author is （ ）.4.It is most reasonable to infer that the author is a(n) （ ）.5.The author would most approve of which of the following parental a

29、ctivities to assist in the learning of composition and writing skills?问题1选项A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.B.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school.C.parents unwittingly

30、have hindered and thwarted curricular objectives.D.parents have a responsibility to help students to do their homework.问题2选项A.parents drill their children too much in arithmetic.B.there is not sufficient individual instruction in the classroom.C.principals have explained the new art programs to pare

31、nts.D.a parents misguided efforts can be redirected to proper channels.问题3选项A.demonstration lessonB.informal teasC.classes for parentsD.new progress report forms问题4选项A.professor of educationB.college teacherC.elementary-school teacherD.parent问题5选项A.one hour of supervised writing exercises nightly.B.

32、encouraging the child to write letters to relatives.C.reviewing all the childs written school-work.D.giving the child money for good grades on written work.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段， “However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that childre

33、n spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.”，可知不管我们认为学校生活有多重要，孩子们呆在家里

34、的时间比呆在教室里的时间多这一事实是不容否认的。因此，父母的巨大影响不能被老师忽视或轻视。们可以成为学校工作人员的盟友，也可以有意无意地阻碍课程目标。可判断出老师和家长之间是合作的关系，并且能够共同对学校的教育安排构成影响，所以教师可以也应该帮助家长理解和推进学校的目标。选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章倒数第二段，“as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that are child spends out of the classr

35、oom.”，可知教师作为一名专业顾问，在父母的头脑中植入更多的方法，以便最好地利用孩子在课堂之外的时间。上文也通过多个例子说明了老师可以引导家长更好的发挥他们的辅导作用，合力促进学生的全面发展。可推断出父母错误的努力可以在老师的指导下，转向正确的方向。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据第二段， “Many principals have conducted workshops”，选项C可排除；根据文章第三段，“new ways of reporting pupils progress”，选项D可排除；根据文章第二段， “Administrators have been aware of th

36、e need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools.”，选项B可排除。选项A符合题意。4.推断题。文章主要提到了学校可以辅导家长，使家长了解学校的教学方法和教学计划，然后促进学校教学目标的实现。家长也是教育不可忽视的一环，只有学校和家长共同努力才能促进青少年的全面发展。可知文章主要提到的是教育学的内容，可推断出作者最有可能是一位教育学教授。选项A符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章第四段， “He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing

37、the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.”，可知如果一名家长想提高孩子的算术能力，他可能会被说服让孩子参与讨论家庭预算、购买食物、在家里使用码尺或量杯、设置时钟、计算旅行里程，以及从事许多其他有数学基础的活动。可判断出作者赞同通过将

38、知识运用到生活中来提高某种能力。所以要想提高孩子的写作技能，鼓励孩子给亲戚写信是作者最赞成的方式。选项B符合题意。8. 翻译题今诸生学于太学(the Imperial College)，县官(the royal court)日有廪稍之供，父母岁有裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵诗书，无奔走之劳矣；有司业(Directors of Studies)、博士之师，未有问而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精，德有不成者，非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉？(5分)人们为梦想而斗争，正如为财产而斗争一样。于是梦想即由幻想的世界走进了现实 的世

39、界，而成为了我们生命中的一个真实力量。梦想无论怎样模糊，总潜伏在我们心底， 使我们的心境永远得不到宁静，直到这些梦想成为事实为止；像种子在底下一样，一定要萌芽滋长，伸出地面来，寻找阳光。(4分)目前是研究在交叉文化与多种文化方面人类的相似性的最好时机了。差异谈得够多了。强调我们的差异使我们人类彼此疏远，使我们长久地相互猜疑；在极端的情况下加深我们的分歧使我们彼此否定，失去人性结果是导致相互残杀。(3分)刑事侦破(forensic)科学家的工作，与其说是迅速和富于洞察力，不如说是更为缓慢， 更具有分析性的。但这种方法所展示出的高质量与谨慎可由如下事实得以反映出来：只有少数案件真正会成为审判室的主

40、要案件。鉴于在预审中被告所听到的刑侦证据之确凿，他们常常折服于证明他们有罪的有分量的科学信息，并且在审判还未开始之前就低头认罪。（3分）【答案】Nowadays many students pursue an education in the Imperial College, they wouldnt need to worry about starvation and coldness as the royal court would offer them everyday food for free and parents your seasonal clothes. Without g

41、oing outside, they just sit in the comfortable room and read the classic poems and historical books. With Directors of Studies and Mr. Knowledge being their teachers, all of their questions and inquiries will be solved. The College has such a sufficient collection of books that they neednt make hand

42、written copies after borrowing books from others like I did before. If they make no achievement in their study and fail to be a person of high virtue, it doesnt result from their learning ability but their less devotion. It is their own fault.People fight for dreams just the same as for wealth. Drea

43、ms come into the reality world from a fantasy one, and become a kind of real force in our lives. No matter how puzzling they may seem, dreams hide in our inner hearts so that we could ever find no peace in our minds until they become reality. Like seeds deep underground, dreams sprout and grow to fi

44、nd the sun.It is the best time now to study on human similarities in cross-culture and multi-culture aspects. No more differences. Emphasizing the differences keeps us away from each other and suspects each other for a long time. Deepening our divergences would result in, to some extremes, our doubt

45、s to everybody, and make our human nature lost, we might end up with cruel killing among us.Rather than being quick and of great insight, the forensic scientists work remains slow and analytic. The high quality and carefulness of this method, however, could be shown on the following facts. Only a fe

46、w cases would actually come to trial. The defendants are often convinced by the forensic evidence presented in the pre-trials, which are scientific and important enough to establish their guilt, and commit to crimes before trials. admit their crimes before trials.9. 单选题This week in Japan, some 10, 0

47、00（1） from across the globe will meet to examine what, for many of the worlds poorest people, are issues of life and death. At sessions in Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, the 3rd World Water Forum will （2）a crisis that currently forces more than one billion people to （3） sources contaminated with human wast

48、e, and leaves countless millions more with insufficient supplies to （4） their crops, or to spur industrial development. The meeting is the culmination of the International Year of Freshwater 2003, declared by the United Nations to （5） awareness of the worsening state of the worlds water resources.（6

49、）that goal, the forum could hardly have been held at a less opportune moment. Events in Iraq may limit media（7） of the 3rd World Water Forum to mere footnote status. “Our discussions will have far more effect on humankind in the twenty-first century than the current crisis in the Middle East,” claim

50、s William Cosgrove, vice-president of the World Water Council, a think-tank dedicated to （8） water resources. But the forums organizers must know that there is little hope of gaining firm（9） from nations that are （10） war.问题1选项A.delegatesB.dedicatesC.dictatorsD.decision-makers问题2选项A.spotlightB.highl

51、ightC.brightenD.show问题3选项A.make use ofB.eat withC.drink fromD.grope for问题4选项A.plantB.cultivateC.transplantD.water问题5选项A.realizeB.achieveC.gainD.raise问题6选项A.ForB.But forC.GivenD.Giving问题7选项A.coverB.coveringC.coverageD.discover问题8选项A.improveB.improvingC.promoteD.promoting问题9选项A.commitmentsB.commitment

52、C.promisesD.promise问题10选项A.focusing withB.focused withC.focusing onD.focused on【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。delegate “代表”；dedicate “致力，动词”；dictator “独裁者”；decision-makers “决策者”。根据句子结构，可知空格填入一个名词，选项B可排除。句意：本周在日本，来自世界各地的约一万名代表将齐聚一堂，探讨对世界上许多最贫穷的人来说，什么是生死攸关的问题。选项A符

53、合题意。（2）动词词义辨析。spotlight “聚焦”；highlight “突出，强调”；brighten “使明亮”；show “展示，出示”。句意：在京都、志贺和大阪的会议上，第三节水资源大会将强调一场危机。选项B符合题意。（3）词汇辨析。make use of “使用，利用”；drink from “从喝”；grope for “探索”；eat with “用吃”。句意：目前迫使超过10亿人饮用被人类废弃物污染的水源。选项C符合题意。（4）动词词义辨析。Plant “种植”；cultivate “培养，培育”；transplant “移植，迁移”；water “浇水”。句意：这使得数

54、以百万计的人没有足够的水来灌溉他们的庄稼，或者刺激工业发展。选项D符合题意。（5）动词词义辨析。realize “意识到，认识到”；achieve “实现，达到”；gain “获得，增加”；raise “提高，提升”。句意：提高对世界水资源日益恶化状况的认识。选项D符合题意。（6）语法题。Given引导条件状语从句，表鉴于、出于。句意：鉴于这一目标，本会议几乎不可能在不合时宜的时候举行。选项C符合题意。（7）固定搭配。Media coverage “媒体报道”。句意：伊拉克事件可能会将媒体对第三届世界水资源会议的报道限制在脚注地位。选项C符合题意。（8）语法题。Dedicate to后接名词或

55、动名词形式，因为to为介词。选项A和C可排除。Improve “改善”；promote “促进，提升”。句意：致力于改善水资源。选项B符合题意。（9）词汇辨析。Promise和commitment都有承诺的意思，但promise用于口语中，随意一些，commitment用于正式语中，更加正式。选项C和D可排除。又因为空格后的nations为复数，所以commitment也应该保持一致。选项A符合题意。（10）固定搭配。Be focused on “集中注意力”，没有be focused with搭配，选项A和B可排除。句意：但是，该论坛的组织者必须知道，从关注战争的国家那里获得坚定承诺的希望微

56、乎其微。选项D符合题意。10. 翻译题“Time” says the proverb “is money”. This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets.If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experie

57、nce and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time, remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a bank-

58、note; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say.After a good nights sleep a problem that seemed insurmou

59、ntable the night before can often appear more manageable, although the evidence until now has been anecdotal. But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good nights sleep can improve insight and problem-solving. “If you have some newly acquired me

60、mories in your brain sleep acts on these memories, restructures them, so that after sleep insight into a problem which you could not solve before increases.” Said Dr. Jan Born, a neuroscientist, at the university.He created Mickey Mouse and produced the first full-length animated movie. He invented

61、the theme park and originated the modem multimedia corporation. For better or worse, his innovations have shaped our world and the way we experience it. But the most significant thing Walt Disney made was a good name for himself.It was, of course, long ago converted into a brand name, constantly fus

62、sed over, ferociously defended, first by Disney, latterly by his corporate heirs and assigns. Serving as a beacon for parents seeking clean, decent entertainment for their children, the Disney logo-a stylized version of the founders signaturemore generally promises us that anything appearing beneath

63、 is will not veer too far from the safe, sound and above all cheerful American mainstream, which it defines as much as serves.Now the dreadful winter was come upon them.In the forest, all summer long, the branches of the trees do battle for light, and some of them lose and die; and then come the raging blasts, and the storms of snow and hail, and strew the ground with these weaker branches. Just so it was in Packing town; the whole district braced it