2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题96（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The doctor has difficulty _ this infection.问题1选项A.for treadingB.to treatC.in treatingD.being treating【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：医生在治疗这个感染病上遇到困难。做某事遇到困难用sb. have difficulty (in) doing sth.，所以C选项in treating符合题意，故正确。其余选项语法错误。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题During the election campaign, the

2、party vowed to _ environmental considerations into all its policies.问题1选项A.associateB.uniteC.incorporateD.combine【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项associate“联系”；B选项unite“（与某人或集体）联结；联合”，unite in doing sth.；C选项incorporate“将包括在内；使并入”，incorporate sth. into sth.；D选项combine“结合；组合”，combine sth. with sth.。句意：在竞选期间，该党郑重宣告将

3、环境因素_其所有政策。根据语境和单词用法，C选项incorporate“将包括在内；使并入”符合题意，意思是指政策将包含环境方面的问题。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorter co-workers, with each inch adding about $789 a year in pay, according to a new study. “Height （1） career success,” said professor Timot

4、hy Judge of University of Florida. “These findings are troubling in that, with a few （2） , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height is something essential required for job （3） .” Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the U.S. and Britain that f

5、ollowed thousands of participants from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work and personal lives. “If you take this （4） the course of a 30-year career, were talking about literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings （5） that a tall person enjoys,” Judge said.Greater height

6、 boosted subjective ratings of work performancea supervisors （6） of how effective someone isand（7）measures of performance, such as sales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Other people may also give higher （8）and greater respect to a tall person, giving them an edge

7、 in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary （9）. Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was a sign of （10）power and strength used when making “fight or run” decisions.问题1选项A.makes outB.matters forC.takes onD.works in问题

8、2选项A.exceptionsB.problemsC.examplesD.cases问题3选项A.operationB.conditionC.performanceD.environment问题4选项A.onB.toC.withD.over问题5选项A.deficiencyB.necessityC.advantageD.loss问题6选项A.evaluationB.judgeC.decisionD.imagination问题7选项A.relativeB.objectiveC.initiativeD.absolute问题8选项A.statueB.statusC.stateD.situation问

9、题9选项A.sourcesB.organizationsC.originsD.courses问题10选项A.a sign ofB.a work atC.a hold onD.a time in【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:A第7题:B第8题:B第9题:C第10题:A【解析】1.考查固定搭配。A选项makes out“辨认出；理解；写出”；B选项matters for“关乎”；C选项takes on“承担；呈现”；D选项works in“在工作；插进；引进；掺和”。句意：身高_事业成功。前文说到个子高的人挣得比个子矮的人多，可知这里是指身高会极大地影响事业，B

10、选项matters for“关乎”符合题意。因此B选项正确。2.考查名词辨析。A选项exceptions“例外”；B选项problems“问题”；C选项examples“例子”；D选项cases“情况”。句意：这些发现令人不安的是，少数几个_，比如职业篮球运动员，没有人会说身高是工作的必要条件。身高不是工作中的必要条件，根据语境，这里填A选项exceptions“例外”比较合理，意思指除了职业篮球运动员这些特定的职业，其他没有身高要求。因此A选项正确。3.考查形容词辨析。A选项operation“操作；经营”；B选项condition“条件；情况”；C选项performance“绩效；表现”；

11、D选项environment“环境；外界”。句意：这些发现令人不安的是，除了少数几个例外，比如职业篮球运动员，没有人会说身高是工作_的必要条件。文章之前表达的是个子高的人挣得多，而工资和表现挂钩，所以这里C选项performance“绩效；表现”比较符合题意，意思指身高不是工作表现好的必要条件。因此C选项正确。4.考查介词用法。A选项on“在（某一天）”；B选项to“向；朝”；C选项with“具有；和”；D选项over“在期间”。句意：如果把这样的收入增长放到30年的职业生涯中来考虑，并把结果累加起来。根据语境，这里横线处引出后面the course of a 30-year career构成

12、短语，D选项over“在期间”和course搭配比较合理。因此D选项正确。5.考查名词辨析。A选项deficiency“缺陷”；B选项necessity“必要；必需品”；C选项advantage“优势，有利条件”；D选项loss“损失”。句意：那就意味着高大的人可以享受数十万美元的收入_。根据语境，挣得多是优势，C选项advantage“优势，有利条件”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6.考查名词辨析。A选项evaluation“评价”；B选项judge“审判员；裁判员”；C选项decision“决定”；D选项imagination“想象”。句意：较高的身高会提高别人对你工作表现的主观评价，包括上司

13、对你工作效率的_。根据语境，这里指上司对工作效率进行评价，A选项evaluation“评价”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7.考查形容词辨析。A选项relative“相关的”；B选项objective“客观的”；C选项initiative“初步的；基础的”；D选项absolute“绝对的；完全的”。句意：也会使衡量工作表现的_数字，比如销量有所提高。根据语境，这里像销量这样的因素是客观的，B选项objective“客观的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项statue“雕像”；B选项status“地位；（进展）状况”；C选项state“（某方面，某阶段的）情况”；D选项situa

14、tion“（具体的）情况；处境”。句意：其他人可能也会给予高个子更高的_和更多的尊重，这使他们在谈判中具有优势。根据语境，这里是指高个子的人更容易受到尊重，B选项status“地位”比较符合题意。因此B选项正确。9.考查名词辨析。A选项sources“来源”；B选项organizations“组织”；C选项origins“起源”；D选项courses“课程；进程”。句意：身高的重要影响可能是我们进化_的余留。根据语境，C选项origins“起源”搭配evolutionary“进化”比较合理，指的是身高的影响来自于进化起源。因此C选项正确。10.考查固定搭配。A选项a sign of“的标志”；

15、B选项a work at“的工作；作品”；C选项a hold on“的控制；影响”；D选项a time in“在的一段时间”。句意：也许从人类和动物生活在一起的时候起，体型就是力量和力量的_，在决定“战斗或逃跑”时使用。根据语境，这里指体型代表力量，所以A选项a sign of“的标志”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题This house needs _. I will call the repair company tomorrow.问题1选项A.to be paintB.paintingC.to paintingD.painted【答案】B【解析】考查动词用法。句意：这房子需要维修。

16、我明天给维修公司打电话。根据语境，这里是指房子需要被维修，某人/某物需要被做某事用sb./sth. need doing，所以B选项painting符合题意，故正确。sb. need to do表示某人需要做某事，表示主动意味，所以A选项to be paint不符合用法。其余选项语法错误。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题I _ at the maturity of such a young child.问题1选项A.surprisedB.marveledC.shockedD.moved【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项surprised“使感到意外”；B选项marveled“大为赞叹”；C选项

17、shocked“惊愕；休克”；D选项moved“使感动”。句意：我对这样一个孩子的成熟感到_。根据语境，这里是指没想到这么小的小孩子竟然这么成熟，带着褒奖的意味，所以marveled“大为赞叹”符合题意。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题The father cant even discipline himself, _ a good example to his children.问题1选项A.much more to setB.much less settingC.much less to setD.still more setting【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项much more“更

18、加；多得多”，后面接形容词；B选项much less doing“更不用说”，后面可跟名词、代词和从句；C选项much less to do非固定搭配；D选项still more“更加”。句意：这位父亲甚至不能约束自己，_给他的孩子做个好榜样了。根据语境，这里指不能约束自己，就更加不能做个好榜样了，B选项much less doing“更不用说”符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题He had been ill for months, and we were disturbed by his _ complexion.问题1选项A.darkB.sallowC.fairD.white【答案】B

19、【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dark“黑暗的；深色的”；B选项sallow“（人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的”；C选项fair“白皙的”；D选项white“白色的”。句意：他病了好几个月了，我们为他_而不安。根据语境，这里指生病许久，身体应该是虚弱的，B选项sallow“（人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or less

20、er extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more f

21、ully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes.If the process goes too far and mans role is regarded as less importantand that has happened in some cases we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man i

22、n the American family. We are getting a little tired of momismbut we dont want to exchange it for a neo-popism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on th

23、e family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a womans place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze mens place in the home and to insist that he does hav

24、e a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequence

25、s, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.1. From the passage we know that the author is very concerned with the role that _.2. The author means to tell us that_.3. A

26、ccording to the author, a healthy family should be based on _.4. Who will benefit most from a family pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions?5. We may safely conclude from the passage that _.问题1选项A.parents play in bringing up their childrenB.men play in a familyC.women play in a familyD.equality p

27、lays in a family问题2选项A.a mans place is in the homeB.a womans place is in the homeC.a woman should be equal to a manD.a man should have an equal share in family matters问题3选项A.cooperationB.momismC.authoritarianismD.neo-popism问题4选项A.The children.B.The man.C.The woman.D.The psychologist.问题5选项A.male supe

28、riority maintains a healthy familyB.authority and democracy are very essential to a healthy familyC.authoritarianism does some good to a healthy familyD.women should never equal to men【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.态度观点题。根据第三段第一句It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family.（

29、是时候重新评估男人在美国家庭中的角色了），可见在这篇文章中偏重讲男性在家庭中的角色，故B选项“男人在家庭中的角色”正确。A选项“父母在抚养孩子的过程中的角色”：文章主题不是怎样抚养孩子，故错误。C选项“女性在家庭中的角色”和D选项“家庭中的平等地位”：相对于女性和男女平等，重新定位男性在家庭中的角色在本文是重点，故错误。因此B选项正确。2.作者意图题。根据第一段第二句The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality（分担任务和决策的模式促进了平等）和第三句In such a home, the growing

30、 boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily（在这样的家庭长大的孩子比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念），可知作者认为在家务事当中，男女应该平等，故D选项“男人应该在家庭事务中拥有平等的份额”正确。A选项“男人应该待在家里”：文中没有提到，故错误。B选项“女人应该待在家里”：根据第四段第二句We have almost given up saying that a womans place is the home.（我们几乎已经放弃了女人应该待在家里的说法。），可知作者不认为女性应该待在家里，故错误。C选项“女人应该和男人平等”：

31、本文中的平等主要是指在家庭事务中平等付出，而不是地位平等，故错误。因此D选项正确。3.观点态度题。根据第五段第一句The family is a cooperative enterprise（家庭是一个协作的事业），可知作者认为在家庭中协作很重要，故A选项“协作”正确。B选项“妈妈主义”和D选项“新爸爸主义”：根据第三段第二句We are getting a little tired of momismbut we dont want to exchange it for a neo-popism.（我们对妈妈主义有点厌倦了但我们不想用新爸爸主义来代替），可知作者不赞同妈妈主义和新爸爸主义，故

32、错误。C选项“独裁主义”：根据第六段Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences（过度的独裁主义会产生不愉快的后果），可知作者不赞同独裁主义，故错误。因此A选项正确。4.判断推理题。根据第一段最后一句In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characteri

33、zed by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes.（在这样的家庭长大的孩子比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念，也更容易做好充分准备去参与合作而非性别斗争的社会。），第三段最后一句bringing up children involves a partnership of equals（抚养孩子需要一种平等的合作关系）和第四段最后一句Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.（这与孩子的健康发展也不无关系），可知作者在不同的地方强调父母共

34、同承担家务对孩子的好处和必要，而没有单独提到对其他人的直接好处，故A选项“孩子们”正确。B选项“男性”，C选项“女性”和D选项“心理学家”文章都没有强调受到的益处，故错误。因此A选项正确。5.主旨大意题。根据第六段Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequencesthe ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family（过度的独裁主义会产生

35、不愉快的后果平等的权利责任的理想不仅与健康的民主息息相关，而且与健康的家庭息息相关。），可知权利责任和民主对家庭关系的健康很重要，B选项“职权和民主对健康的家庭非常重要”正确，C选项“独裁主义对健康的家庭有好处”错误。A选项“男尊女卑能维持家庭健康”和D选项“女人永远不应该和男人平等”：根据第一段第一句notions of male superiority are hard to maintain（大男子主义是很难维持），可知男尊女卑不能维持家庭健康，结合社会普遍把家务放在女性身上，可知男女应该平等，故错误。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题Those naughty boys were caugh

36、t _flowers in the garden again.问题1选项A.to stealB.stealingC.having stolenD.to have stolen【答案】B【解析】考查现在分词的用法。现在分词放在另一动作之后，表示主语在进行谓语动向所表示的动作的同时正在进行另一个动作，此时现在分词对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。句意：那些淘气的男孩又在花园里偷花被抓了，因此根据句意B项为正确答案。catch的常见用法catch sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，转换为被动用法则是sb be caught doing sth，因此A和D项均错误；C项使用的是现在分词的完成

37、式，与句意不符，故排除。10. 单选题_ nature means all living plants and animals.问题1选项A.ScientificB.AnimateC.GoodD.Large【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项Scientific“科学的”；B选项Animate“有生命的”；C选项Good“良好的”；D选项Large“大量的；广泛的”。句意：_的物种是指所有有生命的动植物。根据语境，B选项Animate“有生命的”比较符合语境，这里是在解释有生命的物种是什么，符合题意。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题For decades, arms control talk

38、s centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire, city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.Respected military historian John Keegan writes: “Nuclear weapons have, since Augus

39、t 9, 1945, killed no one. The 50,000,000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the transistor radios and dry-cell batteries which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small

40、 weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.”No one knows precisely how ma

41、ny small arms and light weapons are in circulation, but experts estimate that military-style firearms may number about 500million. In addition, tens of millions of civilian-type rifles and pistols are owned by private citizens. What is more, new weapons are produced and fed into the market each year

42、:Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that are poortoo poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems. Small arms and light weapons are a b

43、argain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They

44、 are also easy to use and maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.The global traffic in guns is complex. Huge supplies of guns pass legally from nation to nation. After th

45、e Cold War, armies in both the East and the West were reduced, and governments gave or sold excess equipment to friends and allies. According to an estimate since 1995 the United States alone has given away more than 800,000 rifles, pistols, machine guns, and grenade launchers. It is reasoned that g

46、iving weapons away is cheaper than dismantling or storing and guarding them.The illegal trade, however, may be much larger. Black-market weapons usually have to be purchased. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought hundreds of millions of dollars worth of small arms and light weapons,

47、not with money, but with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal organizations to use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction as they use exchange to smuggle guns in the other.1. It is implied in the pa

48、ssage that_.2. All of the following are the reasons why small arms have become the choice in recent wars except_.3. Why did US government give away a large number of small arms?4. We can conclude from the passage that_.5. The best title for this passage is probably_.问题1选项A.small arms control is even

49、 more important than nuclear arms-controlB.it is hardly surprising that the nuclear arms-control talks have not reached an agreementC.nuclear weapons power to kill people has been exaggeratedD.nuclear weapons are not as powerful as small weapons问题2选项A.small arms are cheapB.Small arms are powerful an

50、tipersonnel weaponsC.small arms are easier to useD.small arms are easier to get问题3选项A.Because it wants to arm their friends and allies.B.Because it is less expensive than keeping them.C.Because it wants to save the resources.D.Because it is better to store and guard them in other countries.问题4选项A.sm

51、all arms are not expensive in the black-marketB.it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamondC.criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small armsD.where there are drugs, there are small arms问题5选项A.Small Arms Talks, Not Nuclear Arms TalksB.Neglect of Small Arms ControlC.Global Traffic i

52、n Small ArmsD.Small Arms, Big Problems【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段对人们对于核武器与小型武器的重视程度和各自使用频率进行对比，第二段对比两种武器伤害的人的数量，可知这篇文章想要人们更重视小型武器，所以A选项“小型军备控制甚至比核军备控制更重要”正确，C选项“核武器杀伤力被夸大”和D选项“核武器不如小型武器强大”不是表达的重点，故错误。B选项“核军备控制谈判没有达成协议不足为奇”：文章没有涉及，故错误。因此A选项正确。2.事实细节题。A选项“小型武器很便宜”：根据第四段第四句Small arms

53、 and light weapons are a bargain（小武器和轻武器很便宜。），所以便宜是小型武器运用在近年战争的原因，故A选项错误。B选项“小型武器杀伤性强”：根据第五段第一句Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一个原因是它们的是致命性。），故B选项错误。所以C选项“小型武器使用更容易”：They are also easy to use and maintain.（它们也易于使用和维护。），故C选项错误。D选项“小型武器更容易买到”：根据第六段第一句

54、The global traffic in guns is complex.（全球枪支贩运很复杂。），可知小型武器不容易买，故正确。因此D选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第六段最后一句It is reasoned that giving weapons away is cheaper than dismantling or storing and guarding them.（有理由认为，交出武器要比拆除、储存和看守它们便宜。），可知美国送出武器是因为经济原因，所以B选项“因为这比保留它们更便宜”正确，C选项“因为它想节约资源”和D选项“因为放在其他国家储存和保护更好。”不具体，故错误。A选项“

55、因为它想武装自己的朋友和盟友。”文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。4.语义推测题。A选项“黑市上的小型武器并不贵”和B选项“用小武器交换钻石不公平”：根据第七段最后一句not with money, but with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas（不是用钱，而是用从钻石矿区夺得的钻石），用钻石交换武器来说明在黑市小型武器很贵，没有提到公平与否，故错误。C选项“罪犯利用同一途径走私毒品和小型武器”和D选项“哪里有毒品，哪里就有小型武器”：It is not unusual for criminal organizations to use

56、 the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction as they use exchange to smuggle guns in the other.（犯罪组织利用走私毒品的途径走私枪支的现象并不罕见。），可知C选项正确，不代表毒品走私和小型武器走私一定连在一起，故D选项错误。因此C选项正确。5.主旨大意题。文章在开头点出人们对小型武器的忽视，再点出小型武器在杀伤力、生产、保存、贩卖等各个方面带来的问题，可知这篇文章主要讲小型武器带来的问题，要人们重视小型武器，所以D选项“小型武器，重大问题”正确，B选项“对小型武器控制的忽视”和C选项“全球

57、小型武器贩运”是其中的一方面，不能概括全文，故错误。A选项“小型武器谈判，而非核武器谈判”：文章没有重点讲谈判，故错误。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题Here _ you want to see.问题1选项A.comes the girlB.come does the girlC.the girl comesD.coming the girl is【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。句意：你想见的女孩来了。here位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式，倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，所以A选项comes the girl符合题意。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题What might driv

58、ing on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special- purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully auto

59、mated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired

60、 destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system way was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special purpose lane

61、s were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp.As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to

62、ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and r