2022年考博英语-暨南大学考前模拟强化练习题80（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-暨南大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Your letter arrived after the final date for application,（ ）we cant consider you for this job.问题1选项A.consequentlyB.remarkablyC.fluentlyD.alarmingly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项consequently“因此，所以”；B选项remarkably“显著地，非常地”；C选项fluently“流利地，通畅地”；D选项alarmingly“惊人地，让人担忧地”。句意：你的信到的时

2、候已经过了申请的最后期限，所以我们无法让你做这份工作。后半句是前半句事情导致的结果，是因果关系，所以A选项Consequently“因此，所以”正确。因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his（ ）can be distributed.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analogies【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。paradoxes “悖论；矛盾的事物”；legacies “遗产”；platitudes “平凡；陈词滥调”；analogies“类

3、比；类推”，根据when a people dies“在一个人死的时候”和distributed“分发”，可知此处指的是遗产的分发。句意：一个人去世的时候，在分之前他的债务必须偿还清楚。正确答案为选项B。3. 单选题The eastern part of Australia is（ ）in climate to that of the western part.问题1选项A.productiveB.superiorC.prosperousD.splendid【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项productive“多产的”；B选项superior“优越的，上级的”；C选项prosperou

4、s“繁荣的，兴旺的”；D选项splendid“辉煌的，灿烂的”。句意：澳大利亚东部的气候比西部的气候好。本句有一个比较关系，be superior to“比好，优于”，所以B选项正确。因此B选项符合题意。4. 单选题Most men hold a stereotyped conception of women that the female are born with frail constitutions as well as a（ ）mind.问题1选项A.compassionateB.fragileC.stubbornD.fatal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compassi

5、onate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B选项fragile “脆的，易碎的”；C选项stubborn“固执的”；D选项fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人对于女人都有一个刻板的观念，那就是女人天生体格方面弱，思想方面（固执）。句中 mind 与frail constitutions相对应，根据句意，stubborn“固执的”用来修饰题中女人的思想正确。因此C选项符合题意。5. 不定项选择题Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these ch

6、ildren to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the impor

7、tance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes an

8、d fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weakness, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education o

9、ver the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” Weve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democr

10、atic society. Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his

11、 or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their pr

12、ogram, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.1. What is the purpose for author to cite the example of stage in paragraph 2?2. Why does public pay much attention to exceptional education?3. Which one of the following actio

13、ns has NOT been taken to facilitate exceptional education?4. The word “substantially” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to（ ）.5. What is the main idea of this passage?问题1选项A.To show those exceptional children are more easily influenced than normal children.B.To indicate those exceptional children

14、 have great potentials.C.To identify all men are born to be equal.D.To illustrate the importance of environment such as family and society.问题2选项A.Exceptional education is a part of compulsory education.B.The belief that exceptional children should develop their potentials as well.C.Exceptional educa

15、tion has been underestimated for a long time.D.Exceptional education is a reflection of society.问题3选项A.Courts have confirmed the right for exceptional children to receive education.B.Governments have made policies to protect exceptional education.C.Schools are forced by courts to take actions to off

16、er education for exceptional children.D.Schools have appropriated programs and instruction to satisfy the need of exceptional children.问题4选项A.stunninglyB.generallyC.adequatelyD.fundamentally问题5选项A.The necessity of adapting education to exceptional children.B.The specialty of exceptional children.C.T

17、he introduction of education programs.D.The responsibilities of government for those exceptional children.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。通过列举了舞台的例子，作者强调了配角和剧中布景的重要性，结合下文Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development（特殊

18、儿童所生活的家庭和社会往往是他们成长和发展的关键）可知，对特殊儿童而言，家庭和社会环境也是很重要的，因此D选项“说明环境的重要性，如家庭和社会”正确。第2题:推理判断题。由第三段第三句The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the o

19、pportunity to fully develop their capabilities（在过去的30年中，公共教育对特殊儿童的极大兴趣表明了我们社会中的一种强烈想法，那就是所有的公民，无论其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会）可推断出B选项“特殊儿童也应该开发他们的潜能的信念”符合题意。第3题:事实细节题。需注意题干中的NOT，因此要找出文中没有提及的措施。由第四段第五句Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an appropriate educatio

20、n, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education（最近的法院判决确认了所有儿童，无论残疾与否，都有接受适当教育的权利，并命令公立学校采取必要措施提供这种教育）可排除A选项和C选项；由本文最后一句In response, schools are modifying their program, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substa

21、ntially from regular programs（作为回应，学校正在调整课程，使教学能够适应特殊儿童，那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要）可排除D选项，因此B选项为正确答案。第4题:语义推测题。根据上下文可知，学校正在调整课程，以适应特殊儿童的需要，因此可以推断出，常规课程是不足以应对特殊儿童的，substantially应为“足够的”，C选项符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。解题关键句通常在第一段或最后一段，由第一段第二句For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education mus

22、t be adapted to those differences（为了让这些孩子充分发展他们成年后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些差异）可知A选项“使教育适应残疾儿童的必要性”为正确答案。6. 单选题Marriage in haste usually leads to（ ）at leisure.问题1选项A.resentmentB.reluctanceC.repentanceD.fantasy【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项resentment“愤恨，怨恨”；B选项reluctance“勉强”；C选项repentance“悔改，后悔”；D选项fantasy“幻想”。句意：草率结婚通常容易

23、导致将来后悔。根据句意，此处选择C选项repentance“悔改，后悔”。因此C选项符合题意。7. 不定项选择题The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pure crystal lint carbon. Less perfect forms, known as “boars” and “carbonado” are clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle like those you s

24、ee on a ring they just look like small, blue-grey stones.In a rather crude form the cutting and polishing of precious stones was an art known to the Ancient Egyptians, and in the middle Ages it became widespread in north-west Europe. However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and poli

25、shing was made in 1476 when Ludwig Van Berquen of Bruges in Belgium invented the use of a swiftly revolving wheel with its edge faced with fine diamond powder. The name “boast” is given to this fine powder as well as the natural crystalline material already mentioned. It is also gimp to badly flawed

26、 or broken diamond crystals, useless as jewels that are broken into powder for grinding purposes, the so-called “industrial” diamonds.Diamond itself is the only material hard enough to cut and polish diamonds though recently, high-intensity light beams called lasers have been developed which can bor

27、e holes in them. It may be necessary to split or cleave the large stones before they are cut and polished.Every diamond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge. A fully cut “brilliant” diamond has 58 facets, or faces, regularly arranged. For cu

28、tting or faceting, the stones are fixed into copper holders and held against a wheel, edged with a mixture of Oil and fine diamond dust, which is revolved at about 2,500 revolutions a minute. Amsterdam and Antwerp, in Holland and Belgium respectively, have been the centre of the diamond cutting and

29、polishing industry for over seven centuries.The jewel value of brilliant diamonds depends greatly on their colors, or “water” as it is called. The usual coolers of diamonds are white, yellow, brown, green or blue. Surrounding rocks and take on their color, thus black, red and even bright pink diamon

30、ds have occasionally been found.The trade in diamonds is not only in the valuable gem stones but also in the industrial diamonds mentioned above. Zaire produces 70% of such stones. They are fixed into the rock drills used in mining and civil engineering, also for edging band saws for cutting stone.

31、Diamond-faced tools are used for cutting and drilling glass and fine porcelain and for dentists drills. They are used as bearings in watches and other finely balanced instruments. Perhaps you own some diamonds without knowing it in your wristwatch!1. “Carbonado” is the name given to（ ）.2. The art of

32、 cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude until（ ）.3. During faceting, diamonds are held in copper holders（ ）.4. The value order of water in diamond（ ）.5. Industrial diamonds are used（ ）.问题1选项A.only the very best diamondsB.lumps of pure carbonC.Spanish diamondsD.diamonds made up of many

33、small crystals问题2选项A.the fourteenth centuryB.the fifteenth centuryC.the sixteenth centuryD.the seventeenth century问题3选项A.to facilitate accurate cuttingB.to make them shine more brilliantlyC.so that they can revolve more easilyD.as a steel holder might damage the diamond问题4选项A.is more important than

34、their colorB.ranges from blue-white upwardsC.ranges from blue white downwardsD.has never been reliably established问题5选项A.for a wide range of purposesB.mainly for dentists drillsC.for decoration in rings and watchesD.principally in mass-produced jewellery【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。“黑金

35、刚石”是用来称呼什么的？选项A“仅仅是最好的钻石”；选项B“纯碳团”；选项C“西班牙钻石”；选项D“由小水晶组成的钻石”，根据第一段中 “Less perfect forms, known as boars and carbon ado are clusters of tiny crystals.”不那么完美的形式，被称为“野猪”或者“黑金刚钻”，是一簇小水晶组成的，所以“黑金刚钻”指的是小水晶组成的钻石，故正确答案为选项D。第2题:细节事实题。切割和打磨宝石的工艺保持着粗糙直到，选项A“十四世纪”；选项B“十五世纪”；选项C“十六世纪”；选项D“十七世纪”，第二段首先说了粗糙的切割和打磨钻石

36、的工艺开始于古埃及，然后“However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when. 然而切割和打磨钻石的工艺在1476年发生了革命性的变化”，所以直到15世纪这种粗糙的工艺才被革新，故正确答案为选项B。第3题:推理判断题。在切磨刻面的时候，钻石用铜架固定，选项A“使切割更精确”；选项B“让它们发出更璀璨的光”；选项C“为了让它们更容易旋转”；选项D“因为铁架 会损坏钻石”，选项B和D表达的内容文章没有提到，且也没有任何表述暗示，故可以排除；根据文章第四段中“fix

37、ed into copper holders固定在铜架上”中fixed一词可知将钻石固定在铜架上是为了让其固定，选项C中revolve 一词明显与此目的不符，所以可以排除；故正确答案为选项A，为了让其更好的被打磨，从而提高打磨与切割的精确度。第4题:推理判断题。钻石的“水度”价值排序，选项A“比他们的颜色更重要”；选项B“由蓝到白递增”；选项C“由蓝到白递减”；选项D“没有被确定地建立”，文章倒数第二段中在讲述钻石的颜色的时候并没有对其价值做出比较与说明，所以可以排除选项B和C；根据“depends greatly on their color, or water as it is calle

38、d 很大程度上取决于它们的颜色，或者所谓的水度”，可以知道颜色和水度其实是表示的同一种东西，所以它们之间不存在比较，所以选项A错误；故正确答案为选项D，并没有明确的标准来鉴定这种价值排序。第5题:推理判断题。工业钻石被用来，选项A“在很多用途上”；选项B“主要作为牙医的钻子”；选项C“作为戒指和手表的装饰物”；选项D“主要在大量生产的宝石上”， 根据最后一段中的内容“它们被镶在矿业和土木工程所用的凿石器上，也被用在用来切石头的锯子边缘上。钻石做成的工具被用来切割或者打孔玻璃，细瓷器，或者用作牙医的钻子。它们被用做手表或者精密仪器的轴承。”这些内容讲述的是钻石的工业用途，根据此段内容我们可以推断

39、钻石的工业用途有很多，选项B、C和D表达的内容明显太过局限，故正确答案为选项A。8. 单选题Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from（ ）.问题1选项A.abolitionB.demolitionC.disruptionD.dismantling【答案】B【解析】本题考查了动词辨析。abolition“废除；废止”；demolition“毁坏；拆毁（带有破坏感）”；disruption“分裂；瓦解”；dismantling“拆开，

40、拆卸（机器或结构）”，根据terrace“台阶；门廊”可知此处应该选择动词demolition，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：建筑力学群体没有能够成功保护一个十八世纪的台阶免遭拆除。9. 单选题The essay lacks（ ）as the writer keeps jumping from one subject to another.问题1选项A.subsistenceB.pregnancyC.fertilityD.coherence【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项subsistence“生活，生存”；B选项pregnancy“怀孕”；C选项fertility“富饶，生育率”；D选项

41、coherence“一致，连贯性”。句意：这篇文章缺少连贯性，因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题上去。由空格后的as the writer keeps jumping for one subject to another（因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题）可知D选项与其意思对应。因此D选项符合题意。10. 单选题Jane buys all the fashion magazines, and she always tries to dress in（ ）with the latest style.问题1选项A.confirmationB.conformityC.variationD.pr

42、oposal【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项confirmation“确认，证实”；B选项conformity“遵守，符合，一致”；C选项variation“变化”；D选项proposal“提议，建议，求婚”。句意：简买了所有的时尚杂志，她总是试图与最新的风格一样。本句表示，Jane喜欢时尚，总是紧跟时代潮流，那她穿的衣服应该是跟最新款式风格一致的，in conformity with“与一致，符合”，B选项conformity“遵守，符合，一致”意思正确。因此B选项符合题意。11. 单选题Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition

43、carefully to（ ）all errors from it.问题1选项A.eliminateB.terminateC.illuminateD.alleviate【答案】A【解析】同形词辨析题。eliminate“排除；消除”；terminate“结束；终结”；illuminate “照亮”；alleviate“减轻；缓和”，“仔细地浏览作文”的目的是“排除错误”，符合逻辑，所以此处应该使用动词eliminate，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：罗斯玛丽亚当小姐仔细地浏览作文，以排除所有错误。12. 单选题Judges are（ ）increasingly heavy fines for m

44、inor driving offences.问题1选项A.requiringB.demandingC.impartingD.imposing【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。demanding“需要；要求”；imparting“给予；传授”；imposing“强加；征税；处以”，根据driving offences“交通违法行为”，和fines“罚金”，可知此处应该使用动词imposing，故正确答案为选项D。句意为：交警对于轻微的交通违法行为处以越来越重的罚款。13. 不定项选择题In foreign transport today the most popular and common kin

45、d of packing material is foam（泡沫）plastic. Before its coming in the 1950s, however, people used wood, paper, sponge and cotton as wrappers. Wood and paper were not resistible enough to intense shocks that were inevitable during long distance transport; cotton and sponge cost too much to be wrappers f

46、or ordinary goods like glass, porcelain etc. Often delicate goods were put in a wooden trunk; on each side and end there was a layer of sponge, every individual object then was wrapped by a thick layer of paper or cotton. This was very safe indeed, but the packing and unpacking meant a great deal of

47、 labour and a waste of a lot of money.The arrival of foam plastic almost brought a revolution to the worlds packing industry. Today it accounts for three quarters of packing materials for delicate goods while cotton and sponge have nearly withdrawn from the modern stage of packaging. This is nothing

48、 accidental: for one thing it is as cheap as dirt itself; one ton of foam plastic, which occupies a space of as much as 1000 m, amounts to only US $260. It is softer than wood, and harder than cotton and sponger and paper, and therefore a more suitable wrapper for delicate goods. What is more, it ca

49、n be easily shaped but its shape is unchangeable so that delicate goods like cameras with their intruding（外凸的）parts, musical instruments with their irregular shapes and extreme delicacy can be completely wrapped and well protected in it without additional fillings. Still another advantage is that th

50、e foam plastic wrapper can be used to safeguard your objects as long as it lasts: You buy a TV set in the super market. The foam plastic wrapper protects it on the way to your home. When you move home ten years later, the same wrapper can be picked out from the box at the corner of your barn and use

51、d to safeguard your TV set to your new home.1. What kind of material is foam plastic?2. Where did intense shocks often occur?3. Why were cotton and sponge not good wrappers for ordinary goods?4. What was the usual container of delicate goods before?5. Why is foam plastic so popular? The following ar

52、e the reasons except?问题1选项A.The cheapestB.The most popularC.The safestD.The hardest问题2选项A.During long distance transportB.In a wooden trunkC.In freight transport todayD.In a messy shop问题3选项A.Too softB.Too expensiveC.Too cheapD.Too hard问题4选项A.A wooden trunkB.A layer of spongeC.A layer of paperD.A lay

53、er of plastic问题5选项A.it is cheapB.its shape is unchangeableC.it can be used for many times to protect the same objectD.it is dirt itself and can be got everywhere【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由第一段第一句In foreign transport today the most popular and common kind of packing material is foam p

54、lastic（在如今的国外运输中，泡沫塑料是最流行和最常见的包装材料）可知，B选项“最受欢迎的”符合题意。第2题:事实细节题。由第一段第三句Wood and paper were not resistible enough to intense shocks that were inevitable during long distance transport（木材和纸的抗冲击能力不足以应对长途运输中不可避免的强烈冲击）可知长途运输中，强烈的冲击是无法避免的，因此A选项“在长途运输中”符合题意。第3题:事实细节题。由第一段第三句cotton and sponge cost too much t

55、o be wrappers for ordinary goods like glass, porcelain etc.（作为玻璃、瓷器等普通商品的包装，棉花和海绵太贵了）可知，B选项“太昂贵了”符合题意。第4题:事实细节题。题目为“以前通常用来装精致物品的容器是什么”，关键词是容器。由第一段第四句Often delicate goods were put in a wooden trunk（精致的物品通常被装在一个木箱里）可知A选项“一个木制的箱子”符合题意。第5题:事实细节题。题目为“下列哪一项不是泡沫塑料受欢迎的原因”，由第二段第三句中的it is as cheap as dirt its

56、elf（它像泥土一样便宜）可排除A选项，同时也可推断出D选项“它本身就是泥土，随处可取”是文中没有提及的，因此D选项符合题意。由第二段第五句中的its shape is unchangeable（它的形状是不变的）可排除B选项；由文章最后一句可知，同样的电视包装，10年后还可以继续用来保护同一个电视，可以排除C选项“它可以被多次用来保护同一对象”。14. 翻译题Direction: Translate the following English passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.The Renaissance embraced, first o

57、f all, an impressive record of new achievements in art, literature, science, philosophy, education and religion. Although the foundation of many of these was classical, they soon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics

58、 and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance incorporated a number of dominant ideals and attitudes that gave it the impress of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualism; but the most significant of them all was human

59、ism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values. It was a term derived from Cicero, who used it in the sense of devotion to the liberal arts, or the subjects most compatible with the dignity of man.【答案】首先，文艺复兴包含了文学、艺术、科学、哲学、教育和宗教方面令人印象深刻的新的成就。尽管这些文化形式的基础都来自古典主义，但

60、它们很快繁荣起来，并摆脱了希腊、 罗马的影响。事实上，绘画、科学、政治和宗教上的很多成就与古典文化遗产都没有什么关系。其次，文艺复兴包含了许多鲜明的观点和态度，使其所处的社会呈现出独特的风貌，大体上这些中值得注意的是乐观主义和个人主义，但所有这些中最重要的还是人文主义。在最宽泛的意义上，人文主义可以被定义为对人的价值的强调。这个词出自西赛罗，他曾用该词来表达对自由艺术的投入或与人类尊严最一致的主题。15. 单选题The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their（ ）cooperation.问题

61、1选项A.ethicalB.bilateralC.mandatoryD.subsidiary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ethical“伦理的，道德的”；bilateral“双边的”；mandatory “强制的”；subsidiary“附属的”，由delegate“代表团”与cooperation“合作”一词可知此处应该选择形容词bilateral，表示两国之间的合作。句意：这两个代表团就如何加强合作进行了深入的交流。故正确答案为选项B。16. 不定项选择题Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and p

62、hysical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious（31）to how they can be best（32）such changes.Growing bodies need movement and（33）, but not just in ways that emphasize competition.（34）they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self conscious and need the（35）that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are （36）by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much compet