2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前模拟强化练习题21（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Poverty and domestic violence make it easy for her to trust that bad things will happen and take this （ ） happiness away.问题1选项A.adversaryB.vulgarC.fragileD.superfluous【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。adversary敌手，对手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：贫穷和家庭暴力让她很容易相信坏事会发

2、生，并带走这种脆弱的幸福。只有选项C符合句意。2. 单选题She bought a house near the sea last year so she could take a （ ） along the beach whenever she wanted to.问题1选项A.strollB.strideC.stretchD.strand【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。stroll散步, 漫步;stride 大步;stretch 延伸, 延续;strand （线、绳、发的）股;缕。句意：她去年在海边买了一所房子，这样她就可以随时在海滩上散步了。 选项A符合句意。3. 单选题Though th

3、is book was written more than 50 years ago, it has a relatively contemporary appeal, and its （ ） plotting will amuse mystery lovers.问题1选项A.intricateB.disparateC.compassionateD.passionate【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。intricate错综复杂的；disparate不同的，迥异的，不相干的；compassionate慈悲的，富有同情心的；passionate热情的，充满激情的。句意：虽然这本书是50多年前写的，

4、但它具有相对现代的吸引力，其错综复杂的情节会让神秘爱好者感到有趣。选项D符合句意。4. 案例题A powerful personal growth tool is the 30-day trial. This is a concept I borrowed from the shareware industry, where you can （1） a trial version of a piece of software and try it out risk-free for 30 days before youre required to buy the （2） version. It

5、s also a great way to develop new （3） , and best of all, its brain-dead simple. Lets say you want to start a new habit like an exercise program or （4） a bad habit like sucking on cancer sticks. We all know that getting （5） and sticking with the new habit for a few weeks is the hard part. Once youve

6、overcome inertia, its much easier to keep going. Yet we often psyche ourselves out of getting started by （6） thinking about the change as something （7） before weve even begun. It seems too overwhelming to think about making a big change and （8） with it every day for the rest of your life when youre

7、still habituated to doing the （9） . The more you think about the change as something permanent, the more you （10） where you are. But what if you thought about making the change only （11） say for 30 daysand then youre free to go back to your old habits? That doesnt seem so hard anymore. Exercise dail

8、y for just 30 days, then quit, maintain a （12） organized desk for 30 days, then slack off. Read for an hour a day for 30 days, then go back to watching TV.Could you do it? It still （13） a bit of discipline and commitment, but not nearly so much as making a permanent change. Any （14） deprivation is o

9、nly temporary. You can （15） down the days to freedom. And for at least 30 days, youll gain some benefit. It,s not so baD.You can handle it. Its only one month out of your life.Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the pass

10、age below, Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Temporary download commitment neatly requirementally count opposit

11、e stay disciplinepermanent habit overcome stick adoptfull free perceive quit start【答案】1. download 2.full 3. habits 4.quit 5. started6. mentally 7. permanent 8. sticking 9. opposite 10. stay11. commitment 12. neatly 13. requires 14. perceived 15. count【解析】1.根据句意, 下载某种软件, 用 download software。2.full ve

12、rsion指完整版。句意：下载某个软件的免费试用版使用30天后,你会被要求购买完整版。3.从下文的Let s say you want to start a new habit.可推测, 填空处也应该填入habit, 且为复数。4.quit a bad habit指改正某个坏习惯。5. 根据句意：我们都知道, 开始并坚持几个星期的新习惯是困难的。先开始才能坚持。6. 根据句子结构可知这里应该用 副词修饰 thinking, 根据上文的 psych推断mentally正确。7. 根据下文The more you think about the change as something perman

13、ent,.可知此处也应填入permanent。8. stick with坚持, 文中多次出现。9. do the opposite为固定用法, 意为背道而驰。10. 根据句意：你越认为这种改变是永久性的, 你就会在原地待得越久。这里指保持现状。11. makecommitment为固定搭配, 意为做出的承诺。12. maintain a neatly organized desk保持课桌的干净整洁。13. 根据句意：尽管它依然完成了一些纪律和承诺, 但远没有达到永久改变的程度。14. 句意：任何感知到的剥夺都只是暂时的。15. count down为固定搭配, 意为倒数。5. 单选题To so

14、me people, the greatest pleasure of life is to spend their time at home watching TV and （ ） their pets.问题1选项A.strokingB.desiringC.modelingD.flattering【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。stroke轻抚, 抚摸;desire 希望, 渴望 ;model 做模特;制作模型; flatter奉承;谄媚。句意：对某些人来说，生活中最大的乐趣是花时间在家里看电视和抚摸他们的宠物。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题The first few months of the

15、 year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone, because I knew it meant another （ ） decision to be made.问题1选项A.criticalB.plentifulC.decentD.massive【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。critical决定性的, 关键性的; plentiful丰富的, 大量的;decent 得体的,令人满意的; massive可观的, 巨大的。句意：在最初的几个月里, 我害怕听到电话铃响, 因为我知道这意味着我要做出一个重要的决定。plentiful 和massive

16、都表示数量的巨大, 而critical表示程度的重要。所以选项A正确。7. 单选题Up until the age of 18, I read very little. I （1 ） myself to what was necessary for a secondary-school （2 ） . I was always busy either playing soccer or falling in love. Then came the day when, as a young columnist, my main （3 ） was to reaD.And I got to like

17、it. My head spun! An unknown passion took （4 ） of me. What happened? For me, it was the （5 ） of a new state of being in love. I began to take possession of books and to annotate them. （6 ） I would tell them, in an only slightly （7 ） way, how much I liked them or didnt. Today, 25 years later, I （8 ）

18、through my books from those days and its magic, finding myself face to face with the young man I once was. Sometimes I （9 ） him. Other times I find him （10 ） . Certain remarks seem （11 ） to me now. Others make me happy. I was right about that, I sometimes say to myself. Twenty-five years later I fin

19、d the （12 ） trace of my thoughts, my （13 ） of that time. Thats why I never lend out my books. I give （14 ） the ones of which I have two （15 ） and the ones Ive never reaD.But the ones Ive （16 ） up cannot （17 ） : they have become my journals, my （18 ） .To let someone read them would be （19 ） myself up

20、 to scrutiny. I would be allowing others to break into me like a （20 ） breaks into a house.问题1选项A.contributedB.definedC.limitedD.controlled问题2选项A.paperB.diplomaC.permitD.qualification问题3选项A.interestB.assignmentC.responsibilityD.right问题4选项A.advantageB.holdC.chargeD.obsession问题5选项A.intrusionB.attackC.

21、invasionD.raid问题6选项A.ReallyB.ButC.ThusD.Besides问题7选项A.distortedB.twistedC.contortedD.zigzagged问题8选项A.thumbB.scanC.fingerD.turn问题9选项A.enjoyB.understandC.receiveD.identify问题10选项A.promisingB.eloquentC.credibleD.hopeless问题11选项A.interestingB.exactC.stupidD.desperate问题12选项A.liveB.aliveC.livingD.lively问题13

22、选项A.sensibilitiesB.sentimentsC.sensesD.sensitivities问题14选项A.outB.awayC.upD.in问题15选项A.editionsB.versionsC.copiesD.volumes问题16选项A.markedB.drawnC.writtenD.signed问题17选项A.spreadB.circleC.circulateD.cycle问题18选项A.acknowledgementsB.recognitionsC.admissionsD.confessions问题19选项A.givingB.turningC.openingD.revea

23、ling问题20选项A.guestB.liarC.robberD.burglar【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C第7题:C第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D第11题:C第12题:C第13题:A第14题:B第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:D第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.根据上下文, 前文提到我很少读书,仅仅读一些为了得到中学文凭而必须读的书,由此推测作者将自己限制在有限的学习内容当中。2.名词词义辨析。 paper论文; diploma毕业证; permit允许; qualification资格。根据句意,仅仅读一些为了得到中学文凭而必须读的

24、书。故答案为B。3.名词词义辨析。作为一名专栏作家, 我的主要职责是阅读。4.take advantage of sb.利用; take hold of sh.抓住,吸引; take charge of sb.控制; take obsession of sb.困扰。根据句意, 一股莫名的激情吸引了我。选项B符合句意。5.intrusion闯入; attack袭击; invasion侵略;raid袭击,查抄。根据句意,能与love搭配的动词只能是 intrusion,爱情是闯入进来的。选项A正确。6.逻辑关系。根据上下文的联系, 可知这里应该为因果关系。选项C正确。7.distorted歪曲的,

25、 曲解的, 一般指说的话或做的事被曲解; twisted扭曲的,别扭的; contorted扭曲的; zigzagged呈之字形的。 twisted和 contorted都有扭曲的意思, twisted主要指身体的扭曲, contorted表达较为抽象, 这里指不直白的, 即委婉的表达方式。所以选项C更符合原文。8.thumb through the book为固定搭配, 意为迅速翻阅一本书。9.从下文可知, 这里的him指曾经的自己。选项只有 understand符合文章上下文语意及逻辑关系。10.根据原文, 曾经的他不爱阅读,在现在的我看来,应该是 hopeless的。故答案为D。11.根

26、据下文Others make me happy. 可以推断出, 前后句子形成对比关系。因此填空处应该填写与 happy意义相对的词汇,选项C stupid符合要求。12.同根词辨析。live活的;生动的;alive只能做表语,不可做定语; living鲜活的,生动的; lively活泼的,有生气的。选项中,能与trace搭配的形容词只有living合适。句意：25年后, 我找到了我思想的鲜活痕迹。选项C正确。13.sensibility感觉,感情; sentiment多愁善感,情绪;sense感觉,知觉理智; sensitivity敏感性。根据句意, 填空处应填入与 thoughts意义相近的

27、词。选项A更适合。14.动词介词搭配。此处所选的介词应与give构成一个词组,并与 lend out(借出)同义。 give out用尽,耗尽; give away捐献,赠送; give up放弃; give in屈服。选项B正确。15.名词词义辨析。根据句意, 若有两本同样的书, 或是从未阅读过的书, 他会捐献出去。两本同样的应用 two copies; two editions和 two versions是两版,指内容不同;two volumes泛指两册,不强调内容是否相同。选项C符合原文。16.前文讲到作者喜欢在自己的书上记录心得体会,这里也指那些被他注解过的书,动词选mark与介词up

28、搭配,意为给做记号。17.根据原文, 这里指作者做了笔记的书不愿将它流传出去。spread一般指看不见的东西进行传播, 所以选项C正确。18.acknowledgement了解,认识; recognition认识; admission承认,认可; confession自白, 忏悔。根据上文可知, 每次当作者翻开那些被做了注释的书, 就好像遇到了以前的自己, 说明这些书对作者来说就像是自己的自白, 选项D符合原文。19.根据句意：这些做过笔记的书本,若是被别人读了,就好像把自己赤裸裸地暴露在外了似的。选项C正确。20.break into(入室抢劫)的强盗是 burglar。选项D正确。8. 单

29、选题There are laws to specify the person（s） who will obtain a dead persons （ ） if no will exists.问题1选项A.heritageB.fameC.estateD.prestige【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。heritage遗产;fame名声;estate房地产, 财产;prestige威望。句意：法律规定, 如果没有遗嘱, 谁将获得死者的遗产。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题My seven-year old nephew had a pair of new shoes in April and hes

30、already （ ） them.问题1选项A.outweighedB.outgrownC.outlivedD.outreached【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析。outweighed 比重; outgrown 长得大而容不进, 比长得快（或高、大）; outlived 比活得长久; outreached 超越, 伸出。句意：我七岁的侄子四月份买了一双新鞋, 现在已经穿不下了。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题The headlights of the approaching car were so （ ） that the cyclist had to stop riding.问题1选项A.gle

31、aningB.staringC.gleamingD.dazzling【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。gleaning拾遗;staring目不转睛的, 凝视的;gleaming闪烁的, 闪闪发光的;dazzling耀眼的, 光彩夺目的。句意：那辆驶来的汽车的前灯太耀眼，以致于骑自行车的人不得不停下来。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题The brain drain of experts away from developing countries will greatly influence these countries development of （ ） industry.问题1选项A.com

32、plicatedB.sophisticatedC.primitiveD.collective【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。complicated复杂的,难懂的;sophisticated精密的,尖端的;primitive 原始的, 早期的; collective 集体的, 共同的。句意：发展中国家髙技术人才的外流, 将会严重影响这些国家尖端工业的发展。选项B符合句意。12. 单选题The teacher wrote a brief comment in the（ ） to show the student why it was wrong.问题1选项A.manualB.marginC.edg

33、eD.verge【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。manual手册, 指南;margin页边空白;边缘;余地，一般指书的边缘; edge边缘;刀刃;优势一般指悬崖边上; verge边, 边缘, 界线,常见用法为on the verge of，意为濒临于。句意：老师在页边空白处写了简短的评语，向学生说明为什么错了。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题It is perhaps, no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were amazingly versatile men. Right up until comparati

34、vely recent times, it was possible for an intelligent person to acquaint himself with almost every branch of knowledge. Thus, a man of genius like Leonardo da Vinci engaged in many careers at once as a matter of course. Da Vinci was so busy with his numerous inventions that he barely found the time

35、to complete his paintings. He came very near to fulfilling the Renaissance ideal of the universal man, the man who was proficient at everything. Today, we rarely, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine.Knowledge has become divided and sub-divided into countless, narr

36、owly-defined compartments. The specialist is respected; the versatile person, far from being admired, is more often regarded with suspicion. The modem world is a world of highly-skilled experts who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compet

37、e with their fellows. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron, is a modem phenomenon; as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarl

38、y, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair; they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can

39、 listen to the worlds greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain includes

40、among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disturbing to find that even here, as one of its members put it, at a lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!1.The passage implies that（ ）.2.The word moron (Paragraph 2) most probabl

41、y means （ ） .3.Which of the following is the best possible title for the passage?4.According to the passage, in order to stand out, a scientist should （ ） .5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.men of remarkable achievements in the past were accidentally versatileB.no

42、great man in the past was qualified as universal except da VinciC.nowadays versatile men are generally highly regardedD.nowadays it is nearly impossible for a man to be versatile问题2选项A.a foolish manB.a hard-working manC.an expertD.a miserable man问题3选项A.How to Become a Versatile Man.B.Versatile Men.C

43、.How to Become an Intelligent Man.D.Intelligent Men.问题4选项A.engage in as many careers as possibleB.become a member of the Royal SocietyC.confine himself to a limited area of studyD.be aware of the great progress in science and technology问题5选项A.Da Vinci was too busy with his many inventions to finish

44、his paintings.B.In the modem world a man can become versatile without paying the price.C.Nowadays a man of letters scarcely knows about the changes in technology.D.During the Renaissance much emphasis was placed on being universal.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。第一段的最后一句为本文的主旨句“Today, we ra

45、rely, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine.”这句话的潜在意思就是说: 现在多才多艺的人越来越少。选项D符合原文。2.语义题。原文中的分号, 以及as说明, 前后是同类事物的比较。根据下文的who is barely aware of可知，moron表示的是什么都不知道的人, 所以选项A正确。原文句意：有些科学家在他自己的研究领域之外和白痴一样。3.全文主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲多才多艺的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并没有说如何成为一个多才多艺的人，所以选项B正确。4.细

46、节事实题。根据第二段第三句“. experts who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compete with their fellows.”科学们不得不把大部分的生命投入到一个非常有限的研究领域，以便与他们的同行竞争。选项 C 符合原文。5.细节判断题。根据第二段第四句“But this has not been achieved without considerable cost.”这里采用双重否定强调这一目标的实现需要付出相当大

47、的代价。所以选项B与原文不符。14. 单选题From the living room and family auto to the supermarket and office, its impossible to escape the electronic revolution that is（ ） the way people live and work.问题1选项A.resumingB.transformingC.preparingD.seeking【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。resuming重新开始, 继续;transforming 转化, 转变;preparing准备;seeki

48、ng寻找, 谋求。句意：从起居室和家用汽车到超市和办公室, 人们不可能逃脱正在改变人们生活和工作方式的电子革命。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food （ ） their cleanness, toughness and low cost.问题1选项A.by virtue ofB.by means ofC.at sight ofD.by way of【答案】A【解析】介词词义辨析。by virtue of由于, 凭借;by means of 用, 依靠;at sight of 一看见;by wa

49、y of 经由, 当作。句意：塑料袋可用来装各种食品, 因为它清洁、耐用又价廉。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题Another big issue （ ） the nation is the problem of the education of its citizens.问题1选项A.confiningB.confirmingC.conformingD.confronting【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。confine限制，局限；confirm确认，批准；conform符合，遵守；confront面临，遭遇。句意：这个国家面临的另一大问题是公民的教育问题。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题I ca

50、nt possibly mark your homework; your handwriting is （ ） .问题1选项A.illogicalB.illiterateC.illusiveD.illegible【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。illogical 不合逻辑的；illiterate不识字的，文盲的；illusive错觉的，虚假的；illegible 难辨认的，字迹模糊的。句意：我无法给你的作业打分，因为你的笔迹难以辨认。选项D符合句意。18. 单选题The project goal is for students to build complex and interesting s

51、entences and （ ） , whole paragraphs. The teacher explains.问题1选项A.foremostB.ultimatelyC.readilyD.intimately【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。foremost首要的，最先的；ultimately最终，根本；readily容易地，乐意地；intimately熟悉地，亲密地。句意：“该项目的目标是让学生构建复杂有趣的句子，最终形成完整的段落。”老师解释道。选项B符合句意。19. 单选题She criticized my writing but in a way that was very（ ） .

52、I learned a lot from her.问题1选项A.autonomousB.constructiveC.fundamentalD.elementary【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。autonomous 自治的;constructive 有益的, 建没性的;fundamental基本的, 必要的; elementary基本的, 初级的。句意：她批评了我的写作，但批评的方式很有建设性。我从她身上学到了很多。 选项B符合句意。20. 单选题Competitors from more than a hundred countries have （ ）in Los Angeles for the Olympic Games.问题1选项A.denouncedB.convergedC.detachedD.sprawled【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。denounced谴责，揭发，声明.无效；converged聚集，齐聚；detached分离的；sprawled平躺的。句意：来自100多个国家的运动员齐聚洛杉矶参加奥运会。选项B符合句意。