2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前模拟强化练习题18（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Look,（ ）in his usual T-shirt.问题1选项A.here does Henry comeB.here comes HenryC.here Henry comesD.comes here Henry【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句。表示地点、时间和方向的副词放在句首时，句子使用完全倒装，句意：看！罗宾来了，穿着往常的T恤衫。所以本题B选项正确。2. 翻译题Translate the following text into Chinese.The regular use of text messages

2、 and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana. That is the claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the users IQ. This rate of decline in i

3、ntelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have labeled the temporary phenomenon of increased stupidity as “infomania”. Research on sleep deprivation suggests that the IQ drop caused by electronic obsession

4、 is equal to a wakeful night. The noticeable drop in IQ is attributed to the constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of rea

5、diness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand.【答案】经常收发短信和电子邮件会降低你的IQ，其损害程度甚至是吸食大麻对智力损害程度的两倍多。心理学家发现人们在使用手机或电脑键盘打字或者用它们查询电子信息时，智力会暂时降低10个百分点。英国研究人员称，与吸食大麻相比，电子信息对智力的不利影响大的多。人在吸食大麻时智商会降低4个百分点。研究人员将这种暂时变笨的现象称为“信息狂躁”。关于剥夺睡眠的研究表明因为痴迷于电子产品而造成的智力衰退相当于一夜失眠。造成这种智力明显衰退的原因在于当员工们应该集中精力工作

6、时，“无处不在”的科技却总是不断分散他们的注意力。信息狂躁是指他们的意识近乎一直处于一种随时对“技术”做出反应的状态，因而无法将注意力集中在手头的工作上。3. 单选题In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First. Lets talk about culture. The difference between

7、the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and pe

8、rhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to

9、the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”，but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are” .Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”，two Bri

10、tish researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters” those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personal

11、ity. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brough

12、t to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings g

13、et cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.1. When people plan to meet nowadays, they（ ）.2. According to the two British researchers, the social

14、and psychological effect are most likely to be seen on（ ）.3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are（ ）.4. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?5. An appropriate title for the passage might be（ ）.问题1选项A.arrange the meeting place

15、beforehandB.postpone fixing the place till last minuteC.seldom care about when and where to meetD.still love to work out detailed meeting plans问题2选项A.talkersB.the “speakeasy”C.the “spacemaker”D.texters问题3选项A.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptable by othersD.shocking to others问题4选项A.talkersB.the

16、 speakeasyC.the spacemakerD.texters问题5选项A.The SMS EffectB.Cultural Implication of Mobile Phone UseC.Change in the Use of the MobileD.Body Language and the Mobile Phone【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：现在当人们计划碰面，他们_。由题干可以定位到第三段最后一句话Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is

17、 no longer “see you there at 8”, but “ text me around 8 and well see where we all are”（不过，现在可以匆忙之下也可以安排一个晚上出去。不再是“8点见”，而是“8点左右给我发短信，看看我们都在哪儿了”），说明现在的约会不会提前安排地点，而是根据情况最后决定，所以B选项“推迟到最后一分钟再固定地点”，正确；A选项“事先安排好见面地点”，那是以前的做法，故排除；C选项“很少关心何时何地见面”，会关心时间和地点，只是不会提前确定，所以C选项也不正确；D选项“仍然喜欢制定详细的见面计划”，和文章表达的意思不符合。综上所

18、述，本题的正确答案为B选项。2.事实细节题。题干：据这两位英国研究人员说，社会和心理影响最有可能在_上看到。由题干中的“two British researchers”和“Social and Psychological Effects”定位至第四段Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two t

19、ypes of mobile phone users:（短信也改变了人们。两位英国研究人员在他们的论文短信对社会和心理的影响中区分了两种类型的手机用户），可知两个英国的研究人员认为短信可以看见社会和心理的影响，D选项“爱好发短信的人”，符合题意；A选项“talkers”指的是喜欢发语音信息的人；B选项“speakeasy”指的是好说型，边走边说；C选项“spacemaker”指的是关注自己而且防止别人进入的人，A，B，C选项均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项。3.细节判断题。通过文章可知，爱好发短信的人发的短信_。第五段首句指出They found that the mobile

20、phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality.（手机的个性化和隐私性使得短信用户能够展示一个具有全新个性的自我。），第二句明确提到，如果家人看了他们的短信后，反应是would be surprised，而C选项“不能被他人接受”和“令他人震惊”同义。但是，本题考查推断得出的信息，由此排除C和D；第五段第三句话This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image th

21、at differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.（这表明，发短信的人所呈现的自我形象与熟悉他们的人所熟悉的形象有所不同。），可以推断出A选项“揭露事实的，暴露真相的”即通过短信的内容可以了解手机用户的真实性格和特点，正确；B选项“书写很好”在文中无相关论述。综上所述，本题的正确答案为A选项。4.推理判断题。题干：通过文章可知，谁害怕在打电话时被听到？根据倒数第二段最后一句话And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep o

22、ut other people.（这些人关注自己而且防止别人进入。），根据这句话说明the“spacemaker”在用电话交流的时候是怕被别人听到的，所以C选项正确。A选项“talkers”指的是喜欢发语音信息的人，这类人不会害怕对话被听到；B选项“speakeasy”指的是好说型，边走边说，不符合题意；D选项“texters”指的是用短信表达想法的人，不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案为C选项。5.主旨大意题。题干：文章最合适的标题是_。本文开篇点题，第一段指出在移动电话的情况下，一切都变了。最近的研究表明，手机不仅改变了我们的文化，而且也改变了我们的身体，接下来文章分别从文化和身体方面进

23、行了介绍。第三段首句指出This has several implications（这有几个含义），可知这篇文章讲的是使用手机的文化含义，所以B选项“手机使用的文化含义”正确；A选项“短信服务的影响”和D选项“肢体语言和手机”，都比较片面；C选项“使用手机的变化”在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。4. 单选题What he said in the meeting（ ）everybody present.问题1选项A.repelledB.dismissedC.disposedD.eliminated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项repel“抵制，使厌恶”；B选项dism

24、iss“解散，不予考虑”；C选项dispose“处理，处置”；D选项eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：他说的话令在场的所有人厌恶。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。5. 翻译题Translate the following text into English.在今天的中国，平均每天有24万人成为互联网的新用户，平均每400个中国人就拥有一个网站。按照目前的发展速度，再过两年，中国的互联网使用者将超过5亿，互联网的普及率将从目前的25.5%提高到38.5%。对于一个发展中国家而言，互联网能够如此快速普及是一大奇迹。中国人民从互联网受益匪浅。在中国，互联网正广泛应用于电子政务、电子商务、

25、公共教育、新闻传播等各个领域。电子商务在中国快速发展，中国电子商务交易总额在过去5年保持45%以上的年均增长速度，2008年超过4600亿美元。【答案】In China today, on average, 240,000 people per day become new users of the Internet and every 400 Chinese possess one website. At the current rate of development, China will have more than 500 million Internet users and the

26、Internet penetration rate will rise from the current 25.5% to 38.5% in two years. For a developing country, the rapid popularization of the Internet is a miracle. Chinese people have benefited a lot from the Internet. In China, the Internet is being widely used in various fields such as e-government

27、, e-business, public education, journalism and communication and so on. In China, E-commerce is developing rapidly .The total value of e-commerce transactions in China has maintained an average annual growth rate of more than 45% over the past five years, exceeding $460 billion in 2008.6. 单选题This so

28、rt of rude behavior in public hardly（ ）a person in your position.问题1选项A.becomesB.fitsC.supportsD.improves【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项become有“与相称，适合(某人)”的含义，例句：This dress doesnt become the color of your skin.（这件裙子不衬你的肤色）；B选项fit虽然也有这个意思，但它主要是指尺寸、式样以及数量是否适合，例句：I cant find clothes to fit me.（我找不到合身的衣服。）；C选项suppo

29、rt“支持，维护”；D选项improve意为“提高，改善”。句意：在公共场合，这种粗鲁的行为与你的地位是不相符的。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。7. 单选题The teacher suggested that her students（ ）experiences with ESP.问题1选项A.write a composition on theirB.to write composition about theC.wrote some compositions of his or herD.had written any compositions for his考查虚拟语气。表示建议

30、、要求、命令相关的单词+that引导的宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气。其形式是should（可以省略）+动词原形。句意：老师建议她的学生写一篇关于他们有关ESP经历的作文。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。表示建议、要求、命令相关的单词+that引导的宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气。其形式是should（可以省略）+动词原形。句意：老师建议她的学生写一篇关于他们有关ESP经历的作文。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。8. 单选题The mechanic jacked up the car and then（ ）to change the tire.问题1选项A.advancedB.

31、wentC.movedD.proceeded【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advanced“提出，前进”；B选项went“达到，运转”；C选项moved“移动，搬动”；D选项proceeded“继续，进行”。句意：机械工用千斤顶把汽车顶起来，然后开始换轮胎。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。9. 单选题Theyve lifted a two-year-long economic（ ）on the country.问题1选项A.enclosureB.restrictionC.blockadeD.prohibition【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项enclosure“围墙，围场

32、”；B选项restriction“限制，约束”；C选项blockade“包围，封锁”；D选项prohibition“禁止，禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配，意思是“经济封锁”。句意：他们解除了对该国长达两年的经济封锁。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。10. 翻译题Translate the following text into Chinese.Todays policemen in large cities throughout the world rely on modern inventions to help them in their work. In most

33、 places motor-scooters and police patrol cars have done away with the need to patrol on foot or on horseback. Policemen use telephone, conveniently located throughout their districts, to make immediate contact with headquarters. Radio, television, and computers help to speed the work of the modern f

34、orce. Even boats and helicopters are part of the equipment of metropolitan police departments. New technical inventions are widely used to fight crime and speed the solution of criminal cases. Electronic computers reduce from hours to minutes the time spent in searching for fingerprints. Witnesss de

35、scriptions of a criminal are coded and fed into a computer. The machine then sorts through the picture file of known criminals and selects the name and photograph of the most likely suspect. Lie detectors are used to uncover the truth.【答案】今天，全球很多大城市的警察都借助现代发明进行工作。在大多数地方，驾驶小摩托车和警察巡逻车已经取代了步行或在马背上巡逻的做法

36、。各区便捷的电话网使警察能及时与总部取得联系；无线电、电视、计算机也有助于提高现代警察的工作效率；甚至连船只和直升机也成了一些大城市警察部门的装备。新技术发明广泛运用于打击犯罪，加速案件侦破，计算机将搜索指纹所花费的时间由几小时减少到几分钟。证人对罪犯的描述被编码并输入计算机，计算机将所掌握的罪犯照片案卷进行分类，选出重大嫌疑犯的姓名和照片；测谎仪也用于帮助揭露真相。11. 单选题It is（ ）to expect an adult reaction from a child.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.effectiveC.irrationalD.farcical【答案】C【解析

37、】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项effective“有效的，实际的”；C选项irrational“不合理的”；D选项farcical“滑稽的，闹剧的，引人发笑的”。句意：指望一个孩子做出成年人的反应是不合理的。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。12. 单选题There seemed little hope that the explorer,（ ）by his guide, would find his way through the jungle.问题1选项A.having been desertedB.having desertedC.to ha

38、ve been desertedD.to be deserted【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词desert和主语explorer是被动关系，B选项having desert“抛弃”表示主动，所以B选项排除，C选项to have been deserted 和D选项to be deserted都表示“将要被抛弃”，A选项having been deserted相当于who had been deserted，用来修饰explorer，表示现在已经被抛弃。句意：那位探险家被向导遗弃后，要找到穿过丛林的路似乎没有什么希望了。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。13. 单选题The glassw

39、are in the box is（ ）; it has got to be handled with care.问题1选项A.crunchyB.fragileC.brittleD.crisp【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crunchy“易碎的，发出嘎吱嘎吱声的”，通常有响声的时候用，例如：The leaves crunched under my feet.（树叶在我脚下嘎吱作响。）B选项fragile“脆的，易碎的”常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的，例如：Be careful with that vaseit is very fragile.（拿那只花

40、瓶要小心它很容易碎。），Hes feeling a bit fragile after last nights party.（他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。）C选项brittle“易碎的，脆弱的，易生气的”，指没有弹性或伸缩性的脆性材料，暗示受压或被扭曲时易碎，例如：As you get older your bones become increasingly brittle.（随着年龄增长，人的骨头变得越来越脆。）D选项crisp“脆的，新鲜的，易碎的”，指食物炸的很酥脆，例如：Bake until the pastry is golden and crisp.（把油酥糕点烤至金

41、黄酥脆。）句意：箱子里的玻璃器皿易碎，需要轻拿轻放。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。14. 单选题The essential weakness of the old and traditional education was not just that it emphasized the necessity for provision of definite subject-matter and activities. These things are necessities for anything that can rightly be called education. The w

42、eakness and evil was that the imagination of educators did not go beyond provision of a fixed and rigid environment of subject-matter, one drawn moreover from sources altogether too remote from the experiences of the pupil. What is needed in the new education is more attention, not less, to subject-

43、matter and to progress in technique. But when I say more I do not mean more in quantity of the same old kind. I mean an imaginative vision which sees that no prescribed and ready-made scheme can possibly determine the exact subject-matter that will best promote the educative growth of every individu

44、al young person; that even new individual sets a new problem; that he calls for at least a somewhat different emphasis in subject-matter presented. There is nothing more blindly stupid than the convention which supposes that the matter actually contained in textbooks of arithmetic, history, geograph

45、y, etc., is just what will further the educational development of all children.But withdrawal from the hard and fast and narrow contents of the old curriculum is only the negative side of the matter. If we do not go far in the positive direction of providing a body of subject-matter much richer, mor

46、e varied and flexible, and also in truth more definite, judged in terms of the experience of those being educated, than traditional education supplied, we shall tend to leave an educational vacuum in which anything may happen. Complete isolation is impossible in nature. The young live in some enviro

47、nment whether we intend it or not, and this environment is constantly interacting with what children and youth bring to it, and the result is the shaping of their interests, minds and charactereither educatively or mis-educatively. If the professed educator gives up his responsibility for judging an

48、d selecting the kind of environment that his best understanding leads him to think will be contributive to growth, then the young are left at the mercy of all the unorganized and casual forces of the modern social environment that inevitably play upon them as long as they live. In the educative envi

49、ronment the knowledge, judgment and experience of the teacher is a greater, not a smaller factor, than it is in the traditional school. The difference is that the teacher operates not as a judge set on high and marked by arbitrary authority but as a friendly co-partner and guide in a common enterpri

50、se.1. In the authors view, the basic fault of old education consists in（ ）.2. The author agitates reforms in the（ ）.3. It seems that new educationalists favor（ ）.4. There will be the risk of forming an educational blank if（ ）.5. Pupils may be well guarded against ill social influences as long as（ ）.

51、问题1选项A.the inadequate supply of specific subjects and programsB.the poor imaginative capacities of educatorsC.providing inflexible educational conditionsD.making pupils read textbooks with outdated content问题2选项A.old subject-matter to follow technological advancesB.stale teaching materials and teachi

52、ng methodsC.prescribed textbooks and unchanging systemsD.general consent about multipurpose textbooks问题3选项A.teaching pupils according to each ones talentB.introducing the latest information to the youthC.rendering instruction close to pupils experiencesD.supplementing all textbooks with fresh materi

53、als4. There will be the risk of forming an educational blank if（ ）.问题4选项A.the rigid school curricula are thoroughly transformedB.the negative effect of old education is only partly recognizedC.the traditional subject-matter totally substitutes for new oneD.the replacement of unvarying courses with f

54、lexible ones fails5. Pupils may be well guarded against ill social influences as long as（ ）.问题5选项A.educators discard their liability for the being-educatedB.teachers have sound judgment to make the right choiceC.instructors help establish conditions favorable to pupils growthD.schoolmasters function

55、 as equal co-operators in a joint business【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：在作者看来，旧教育的基本错误在于_。根据关键词“basic fault”和“old education”可以定位到文章第一段The essential weakness of the old and traditional education was not just that it emphasized the necessity for provision of definite subject-matter and a

56、ctivities. These things are necessities for anything that can rightly be called education. The weakness and evil was that the imagination of educators did not go beyond provision of a fixed and rigid environment of subject-matter, one drawn moreover from sources altogether too remote from the experi

57、ences of the pupil.（旧的和传统的教育的本质弱点不仅仅是它强调提供明确的主题和活动的必要性。这些东西对于任何可以被称为教育的东西都是必需的。教育工作者的缺点和不幸是，他们的想象力不能超越为学生提供一个固定的、僵化的学习环境，而且他们的学习来源与学生的经历相距甚远。），B选项“教育工作者缺乏想象力”，符合原文表达的意思。A选项“特定科目和课程供应不足”和C选项“提供固定的教育条件”，和原文表达的意思冲突，D选项“让学生阅读内容过时的课本”在文中并没有提及，综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。2.事实细节题。题干：作者在_上鼓励改革。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段第四句话What i

58、s needed in the new education is more attention, not less, to subject-matter and to progress in technique.（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。），可知A选项“跟随技术进步的老题材”符合题意。B选项“陈旧的教材和教学方法”，C选项“规定的教科书和不变的系统”和D选项“对多用途教科书的普遍认可”在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。3.事实细节题。题干：新的教育学家似乎更青睐_。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段What is needed in the ne

59、w education is more attention, not less, to subject-matter and to progress in technique. But when I say more I do not mean more in quantity of the same old kind. I mean an imaginative vision which sees that no prescribed and ready-made scheme can possibly determine the exact subject-matter that will

60、 best promote the educative growth of every individual young person;（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。但是，当我说“更多”的时候，我并不是指同样的数量上的“更多”。我指的是一种富有想象力的愿景，认为没有现成的计划可以确定最能促进每个年轻人教育成长的确切主题；），原文表达的意思是没有固定的教材可以促进每个年轻人的成长，不同的年轻人应该使用不同的教育素材，因此A选项“因材施教”，符合题意。B选项“向青年介绍最新的信息”，C选项“贴近学生的经验进行教学”，D选项“用新材料补充所有教科书”，均不符合原文意

61、思，所以本题的正确答案是A选项。4.细节推理题。题干：如果_，将有形成教育空白的风险。根据关键词“educational blank”可以定位到文章第二段第二句If we do not go far in the positive direction of providing a body of subject-matter much richer, more varied and flexible, and also in truth more definite, judged in terms of the experience of those being educated, than

62、traditional education supplied, we shall tend to leave an educational vacuum in which anything may happen.（如果我们不能比传统教育提供一个主题更丰富、更多样和灵活的主体的正确方向，不能在事实上比传统教育更加明确，不能判断针对这些教育的经验，针对任何发生的事情，我们都将可能形成教育空白。），D选项“用灵活的课程替代不变的课程失败了”说法与句意一致。A选项“僵化的学校课程被彻底改变了”与句意相反。B选项“旧教育的负面影响只被部分认识到”，在文中没有提及，说法无根据。C选项“传统的题材完全取代了

63、新的题材”与句意相反。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5.主旨大意题。题干：只要_，学生们就可以很好地防范不良的社会影响。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段The young live in some environment whether we intend it or not, and this environment is constantly interacting with what children and youth bring to it, and the result is the shaping of their interests, minds and charactereither educatively or mis-educatively. If the professed educator gives up his responsibility for judging and selecting the kind of environment that his best understanding leads him to think will be cont