2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题66（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Violence in American families takes many forms. One prevalent form that we often overlook is the physical punishment of children. Perhaps 93% of all parents beat their children in order to discipline them. Young children receive the most punishments, but studies

2、 reveal that about 50% of high school seniors report experiencing or being threatened with physical punishment. Punishment of children varies form a light tap to brutal beating, but historically we have granted parents the right to use physical force against their children. A law passed in 1696, for

3、 example. Called for the death penalty of “sufficient understanding” over the age of 16 who cursed or struck a parent who was “stubborn and rebellious” in refusing to obey a parent. From interviews with 2134 married couples constituting a cross-section of American families, sociologists estimate par

4、ents kick, punch, or bite some 1.7 million children a year, beat 460,000 to 750,000 more, and attack 46,000 with guns or knives.Physical punishment of children that results in injuries requiring medical treatment is now generally considered to be abusive. Most people do not realize, however, that it

5、 is the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys, that lays the groundwork for child abuse. According to David Gil, “in most accidents of child abuse the care takers involved are normal individuals exercising their right of disciplining a child whose behavio

6、r they found in need of correction.” If one adult were to strike another, most people would regard such behavior as abusive.Most parents use physical punishment in the belief that it will control the aggression in their children and make them obedient. In fact, violence whether verbal or physical se

7、ts children a poor example. An adult who yells at or slaps a child unwittingly supply the child with a model for aggression. Studies have found that the frequent use of physical punishment for aggressive acts by a child results in a marked increase in the childs aggression. Perhaps not surprisingly,

8、 abusive parents are themselves likely to have been abused when they were children. The pattern of abuse is unwittingly translated from parent to child and thus from generation to generation.1. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?2. The italicized word “it” in line

9、 of the second paragraph refers to（）.3. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?4. The number of the children being threatened by beating is（）.5. What is the authors attitude toward physical punishment by parents?问题1选项A.Punishment was once justified in American lawB.Most o

10、f the parents have used physical punishment to discipline disobedient children in America.C.High school students rarely receive punishment from their parentsD.Child abuse is rooted in American culture.问题2选项A.physical punishmentB.the cultural approvalC.the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishmen

11、tD.injuries requiring medical treatment问题3选项A.Physical punishment is helpful for parents to correct childrens indecent behaviorB.Parents who use physical punishment to discipline their children should be punished by the law.C.A child who is severely punished will revenge the abuse on his own child i

12、n later life.D.Parents who punish children physically actually set bad example of aggression for their children.问题4选项A.at least 2,143 per year.B.at most 750,000 per year.C.over 46,000 per yearD.about 17,000,000 per year问题5选项A.disagreeingB.supportingC.understandingD.severely critical【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题

13、:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段“.but studies reveal that about 50% of high school seniors report experiencing or being threatened with physical punishment.”可知，研究表明，大约50%的高中生声称遭受体罚或者受到体罚的威胁。因此，C项“髙中生很少遭受父母的体罚”表述错误，其它选项都可在原文中找到出处。故本题答案为C项。2.词汇题。将it定位到原文第二段Most people do not realize, however, that it is

14、 the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys, that lays the ground work for child abuse.中分析可知，然而大部分人没有意识到，正是因为“普通”体罚的经常使用以及它所享有的文化认可，才会为虐待孩子打下基础。根据句子结构可知，it指代的是 the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment。因此，正确答案是C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Most parents use p

15、hysical punishment in the belief that it will control the aggression in their children and make them obedient. In fact, violence-whether verbal or physical sets children a poor example. An adult who yells at or slaps a child unwittingly supply the child with a model for aggression. Studies have foun

16、d that the frequent use of physical punishment for aggressive acts by a child results in a marked increase in the childs aggression.”可知，大多数父母采取体罚，是认为体罚会控制孩子的攻击行为并使孩子听话，但事实上，无论是言语还是肢体暴力，都会给孩子建立不好的榜样。那些大喊大叫或者打孩子的成年人会不自觉地为孩子提供侵略性（攻击性）的模板。研究发现，经常因为孩子的攻击性行为而体罚孩子，反而会激化孩子的攻击行为。因此可判断A项错误，D项正确。原文中并未体现B项“应该受到

17、法律惩罚”这一观点；也未说明受过虐待的父母会在晚年会报复虐待自己的孩子，他们只是会不自觉地影响到下一代的教育方式，故排除C。因此，本题正确答案为D项。4.细节事实题。由原文第段“From interviews with 2134 married couples .beat 460,000 to 750,000 more, .”可知，受到殴打威胁的孩子数量是在460,000到750,000以上。因此， B项“至多每年750,000”与原文不符，正确答案应为C项“每年超过46,000”。5.观点态度题。本文主要讲述了父母体罚孩子的普遍性。如今体罚已被视为虐待。体罚不仅给孩子树立了坏榜样，而且会加剧

18、孩子的攻击性。在儿童时期被体罚虐待的父母在教育下一代时也很可能会虐待孩子。由此可知，整篇文章对于体罚持否定态度，排除B和C。而从文章整体来看，作者对于体罚的态度不仅是不认同更具有批判性。因此，D项“严厉地批判”更为符合作者的态度。2. 单选题His friendliness and helpfulness are（）that make everyone likes him.问题1选项A.principledB.attributesC.functionsD.regimens【答案】C【解析】句意：他的友好和乐于助人是很起作用的，大家都喜欢他。A选项为“有原则的，有操守的”；B选项为“归因，属性”

19、；C选项为“起作用”；D选项为“养生法养生之道”。根据原句语义逻辑可知，C项与friendliness 和helpfulness搭配更恰当，更符合句意。3. 单选题We are in an era of information procession（）there are great opportunities for those who can qualify.问题1选项A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句子前半部分是完整的句子，而且空格前的先行词为area，因此可得出后面的句子为缺少状语的定语从句，即空格处应该填入关系副词，相当于in an

20、area，故D项符合正确答案。句意：我们正处在信息队列中，有无数的机会等着那些可胜任挑战的人。4. 单选题When preparing a diet, a person should be aware that vitamin D acts to increase the amount of calcium absorbed by the body.问题1选项A.schedule of exerciseB.nutritional planC.study of longevityD.medicinal chart【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中diet表示“饮食，规定饮食”；A选项为“

21、锻炼日程”；B选项为“营养计划”； C选项为“长寿研宄”；D选项为“药用图表，药纸”。句意：在安排饮食时，个人应该注意维他命D的作用是增加人体对钙的吸收。因此，B项为正确答案。5. 单选题It is high time that you_the test paper and_it in.问题1选项A.finish, handB.finished, handedC.finished, to handD.have finished, handed【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。It is high time that sb. did sth.为固定句型，属于虚拟语气的一种，表示“是某人做某事的时候

22、了” ，句中的and为并列连接词，因此都填动词的过去式，选B。句意：现在是你写完试卷交上来的时候了。6. 单选题They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to yield to fatigue in stressful jobs.问题1选项A.to succumb to being tiredB.to sustain the fatigueC.to endure the long strainD.to expose them to the risks【答案】A【解析】本题考查短语搭配。A选项to s

23、uccumb to being tired屈服于疲劳；B选项to sustain the fatigue 维持疲劳；C选项 to endure the long strain 承受长期压力；D选项to expose them to the risks 暴露在风险下。句意：他们很好地利用了现有时间，不会轻易地因充满压力的工作弄得疲劳不堪。因此，等同于to yield to fatigue“屈服疲劳”的选项是A项。7. 单选题_him tomorrow?问题1选项A.Why not to call onB.Why dont call onC.Why not calling onD.Why not

24、call on【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。why not后面加动词原形，构成Why not do sth.? （为何不呢？）；why do not 后面先加主语，再加动词原形，构成Why do not sb. do sth.? （某人为什么不做某事呢？）句意：为什么不明天去拜访他？8. 单选题Having had her as a professor and an adviser, I can tell you that she is an_force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.问题

25、1选项A.inspirationalB.educationalC.excessiveD.instantaneous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inspirational“启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的”；B选项educational“教育的，有教育意义的”；C选项excessive“过度的，极度的”；D选项instantaneous“立即的，立刻的”。根据pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations可知A选项符合语义。句意：有她作为教授和顾问，我可以告诉你，她有一种鼓舞人心的力量，推动她的学生超越自己的期望。9

26、. 单选题All the year she has been_between optimism and despair.问题1选项A.vibratingB.swingingC.fluctuatingD.waving【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项vibrate“(使)振动，颤动，摆动”；B选项swing“(使) 摆动，摇摆”，指意见、态度或感情的摇摆；C选项fluctuate“（价格或数量）波动，涨落，起伏”；D选项wave“挥手，摆手”。根据between optimism and despair可知选B。句意：一年来她一直在乐观和绝望之间摇摆。10. 单选题Even when tex

27、tbooks are _through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.问题1选项A.commonplaceB.standardizedC.competitiveD.generalized【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B选项standardized“标准化的”；C选项competitive“竞争的，比赛的”；D选项generalized“普遍的，广泛的”。根据Even可知空格与vary greatly的意思相反，因此选B。句意：即使教科书通过学校系统标准化，教学方法也

28、可能有很大的不同。11. 单选题_ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.问题1选项A.Unpopular has as white beenB.White has been as unpopularC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular as white has been【答案】D【解析】语法题。as引导的让步状语从句，一般将形容词，名词等提前，使用部分倒装。A、B、C选项语序错误。 D选项符合部分倒装形式，将表语提前。因此，本题正确答案为D 项。句意：

29、尽管白色礼服在过去并不流行，但是现在却是最为流行的婚纱颜色。12. 单选题The distinction between second and foreign language learning can cause confusion in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), which is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics that aims to understand how people learn a second language and the factors that

30、affect their language learning. SLA research not only examines second language learning, but also any foreign, third or fourth language learning. Due to the complexity of language learning, we see that the SLA literature often treat additional language and foreign language learning in the same secon

31、d language acquisition framework. Of course, we know that learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language. A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted.1. Which of the following is

32、 the sub-discipline of applied linguistics?2. Which of the following is correct?3. Which of the following is correct?4. A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted because_.5. Which of the following will serve as th

33、e best title for the passage?问题1选项A.The distinction between second and foreign language learning.B.The second language.C.The foreign language.D.Second language acquisition.问题2选项A.SLA research examines second language learning, some foreign, third or fourth language learning.B.SLA research examines s

34、econd language learning, any foreign, third or fourth language learning.C.SLA research examines foreign language learning.D.SLA research examines first language learning.问题3选项A.Additional language and foreign language learning should be treated in the same second language acquisition frameworkB.Addi

35、tional language and foreign language learning should not be treated in the same second language acquisition framework.C.Additional language and foreign language learning have been treated differently in second language acquisition frameworkD.Additional language and foreign language learning have not

36、 been treated in different second language acquisition framework问题4选项A.the SLA literature often treats additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition frameworkB.the SLA literature often treats additional language and foreign language learning in different s

37、econd language acquisition framework.C.learning a third language is necessarily the same as learning a second language.D.learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language问题5选项A.Inside SLAB.Outside SLAC.Future of SLAD.The third language and SLA【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:

38、D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章中的The distinction between second and foreign language learning can cause confusion in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), which is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics that aims to understand how people learn a second language and the factors that affect their l

39、anguage learning.（第二语言和外语学习之间的区别在于第二语言习得领域可能导致困惑，第二语言习得是应用语言学的一个分支学科，旨在了解人们如何学习第二语言以及影响他们语言学习的因素）可知选D。2.细节事实题。由文章中的SLA research not only examines second language learning, but also any foreign, third or fourth language learning.（第二语习得研究不仅研究第二语言学习，而且也研究任何外语、第三或第四语言学习）可知选B。3.细节事实题。由文章中的Due to the comp

40、lexity of language learning, we see that the SLA literature often treat additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition framework.（由于语言学习的复杂性，我们发现第二语习得著作通常把在同样的第二语言习得框架里讨论第二语言和外语学习）可知D选项“第二语言和外语学习一直没有在不同的的第二语言习得框架里讨论”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章中的Of course, we know that

41、 learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language.（当然，我们知道学习第三语言并不一定等同于学习第二语言）可知D选项“学习第三语言不一定等于学习第二语言”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了第二语言习得（SLA）研究的内容与目的，根据文章最后一句A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research

42、 is conducted.（随着研究的深入，第三语言或第四语言习得的理论框架将逐渐形成）可知C选项“第二语言习得的未来”符合题意。13. 单选题Alex isnt very friendly; he keeps a（）between himself and other people.问题1选项A.barrierB.foundationC.frontierD.gauge【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。通过句意可知，Alex不是特别友好，他总将自己与其他人隔离开来。A选项为“障碍；分界线”；B选项为“基础”；C选项为“边界；边缘”；D选项为“尺度；测量”。因此，A项符合句意。故正确答案为A项

43、。14. 单选题Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform. For example, when you reach for an object, the sensory nerves linking the muscles to the bra

44、in stop your hand at the correct spot. This automatic perception of the position of your muscles in relation to the object is your muscular sense in action.Muscles are stringy bundles of fibers varying from one five-thousandth of an inch to about three inches. They have three unique characteristics;

45、 they can become shorter and thicker; they can stretch; and they can retract to their original positions. Under a high-powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with a grainy texture like wood.More than half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers, most of which are inv

46、oluntary in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular actions, number more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift as much, t

47、hrow as far, or hit as hard as an average man.1. Intelligent use of the muscles means that（）.2. According to the selection, more than half of a persons body is composed of（）.3. An average woman is weaker than an average man because she has （）.4. It is implied but not stated that（） .5. According to t

48、he selection, the muscular sense is responsible for （）.问题1选项A.one always knows what his muscles are doingB.one performs simple actions without workingC.ones muscles are used only to the extent necessary for each action they performD.one improves muscular action consciously问题2选项A.voluntary musclesB.m

49、uscle fibersC.involuntary fibersD.sensory nerves问题3选项A.more voluntary muscles than an average manB.only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle for her body massC.60 to 70 percent less muscle for her body massD.less muscle fiber for her body weight问题4选项A.the muscular sense is more important than any other s

50、ensesB.muscular sense involves automatic perceptionC.there are many more than 500 involuntary muscles in the bodyD.muscle tissue is inflexible问题5选项A.the efficiency of our musclesB.the normal breathing functionC.directing our muscles intelligentlyD.the work of only our involuntary muscles【答案】第1题:C第2题

51、:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform.可知，第六感是一种肌肉感觉，可智能地精准控制人体活动。因此，C项是正确答案。2.细节事实题。题意：根据原文，人类身体超过一半的组织是由什么构成的？根据原文第三段第一句：More than half of a persons bo

52、dy is composed of muscle fibers.可知，人体超过一半的组织是由muscle fibers（肌肉纤维）构成。因此，正确答案为B项。3.细节事实题。根据原文第三段Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man. 可知，女性比正常男性力气小是因为女性身体内肌肉含量仅为男性的60-7

53、0%。因此，B项为正确答案。4.推理判断题。本文并未说明也未暗示肌肉感觉比其他感官重要，因此A选项错误。根据原文最后一段The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular action, number more than five hundred.可知，C选项与原文意思相反，故C项错误。D选项说肌肉组织是不可弯曲的，与原文不符，故排除。因此，B选项是正确答案。5.细节事实题。由文章第一段The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for dir

54、ecting your muscles intelligently.可知，肌肉感官的作用是directing your muscles intelligently，因此，本题正确答案为C项。15. 单选题They have a reciprocal loathing for each other.问题1选项A.a slight trustingB.a deep motivatingC.a mutual disgustD.a lasting fight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项a slight trusting轻微的信任；B选项a deep motivating深刻的激励；C选

55、项 a mutual disgust相互间厌恶；D选项a lasting fight持久的斗争。根据句意可知：他们都很厌恶对方，因此选择C选项。16. 单选题Judicious praise is（）the sun is to flowers.问题1选项A.like children toB.as children asC.to children whatD.that children with【答案】C【解析】考查常用句型。句型“A to B is what C to D” 表示A对于B就像C对于D一样。句意：对孩子公正的评价就宛如阳光对花朵的照耀一般。因此，C项为正确答案。17. 单选题Y

56、ou will have to change your of life now that you have got a baby.问题1选项A.modeB.moundC.moodD.form【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项mode n.模式，方式，风格；B选项mound n. 高地；土堆；土丘；C选项mood n.语气，情绪，心境；D选项form n.形式，形态，模式，表格。根据句意，现在有了孩子就应该改变自己的生活方式。因此正确答案为A 选项。18. 单选题Although he has become rich, he is still very_of his money.问题1选

57、项A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的，有关经济的”；B选项thrifty“节俭的”，常用于be thrifty with sth.；C选项frugal“节省的，节俭的”，可用于be frugal with/of sth.；D选项careful“小心地，仔细地”，be careful with/of sth.表示“当心，注意”。根据Although he has become rich与of可知选C。句意：虽然他变得富有了，但他仍然很节俭。19. 单选题The Space Age _in Oct

58、ober 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 initiate“开始，发起”，一般指活动，团体的产生；B选项originate“起源于，来自，产生”；C选项embark“上船，装船，从事”，后面常接介词on/upon；D选项commence“开始”，指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据The Space Age（太空时代）和 the first art

59、ificial satellite（第一颗人造卫星）可知是一件重大事件，因此选D。句意：太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。20. 单选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“主持，指挥”，为不及物动词，后面常接over；B选项introduce“介绍”；C选项chair“担任主席，主持(会议、讨论等)”，为及物动词；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。句意：经理出差了，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。