2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解28

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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorptions in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about frien

2、ds who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; ones own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and ones mind more k

3、een. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.My favorite quotation is the sentence above, written by Disraeli. It has helped me through many a painful experience. Often we allow ourselves to be upset small things we should despise and forget. Perha

4、ps some man we helped has proved ungrateful .some woman we believed to be a friend has spoken ill of us.some reward we thought we deserved has been denied us. We feel such earth disappointment so strongly that we can no longer work or sleep. But, isnt that absurd? Here we are on this earth, with onl

5、y a few more decades to live, and we lose many irreplaceable hours brooding over grievances that, in a years time, will be forgotten by us and by everybody. No, let us devote our life to worthwhile actions and feelings, to great thoughts, real affections and enduring undertakings. For life is too sh

6、ort to be little.【答案】从心理上讲，人到老年有两种危险需要防范。一种是对过去的过度吸收。不能活在回忆中，活在对过去美好时光的悔恨中，活在对死去的朋友的悲伤中。人的思想必须指向未来，指向未来需要完成的事情。这并不总是容易的。一个人的过去是一份不断加重的负担，人们容易认为自己过去的情感比现在强烈，过去的头脑比现在敏锐。如果这是真的，就应该忘记它；如果它能被忘掉，那么它将不是事实。我最喜欢的引语就是上面这句由迪斯雷利写的话。它帮助我度过了许多痛苦的经历。我们通常让自己为一些我们本应不屑一顾，抛诸脑后的小事苦恼。可能是我们帮助过的某人忘恩负义那些我们以为是朋友的某女士在背后诋毁我们没

7、能得到我们自认为应得的奖赏。我们对这些事情感到极度失望，以至于难以工作和睡觉。但是，这不是很荒唐吗？我们在这个地球上，只有几十年生命，可是却浪费了许多一去不复返的时间去沉思那些在一年之内自己与别人都会忘怀的冤屈。不！让我们把生命奉献给有价值的行为和感情，奉献给伟大的思想、真正的情感和不朽的事业。因为生命太短，不能被琐事耽误。2. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄

8、草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和歌唱;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。战士是永远追求光明的。他并不躺在暗夜下享受阳光，却在暗夜里燃起火炬， 给人们照亮道路，使他们走向黎明。驱散黑暗，这是战士的任务。他并不躲避黑暗， 却要而对黑暗，跟躲藏在明影里的魑魅魍魉搏斗。他要消灭它们而取得光明。战士是不知道妥协的。他得不到光明便不会停止战斗。【答案】The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor. Therefore, all human beings are st

9、rongly dependent on it. Especially in the countryside, people have been living in the same way for thousands of years, growing crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, raising and milking cows, weeding and planting flower, going to church for preying on weekends, playing musical instruments, da

10、ncing and singing on squares at holiday. The past countryside is still their warm homes. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go down.A fighter is always in pursuit of light. Instead enjoying the sunshine, he lit a torch in the dark to light the way for the people and lead them

11、to the dawn. It is the task of a warrior to dispel darkness. He did not shun the darkness, but fought against it, and against the hidden demons and monsters in its shadows. He will destroy them and gain light. A soldier never compromise. He wont stop fighting until gets light.3. 单选题It was the worst

12、tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired to from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II，more than 10,000 people-mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push i

13、nto Nazi Germany-were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that seat hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go clown. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those in water who had the strength to

14、 try to claw way aboard. Most people froze immediately. “Ill never forget the screams.” says Christa Ntilzinann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave-and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now G

15、ermanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children-with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year; doesnt dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman wh

16、o survives the catastrophe only to say later. “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly the Woche:“Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dom

17、inant, we didnt have the energy left lo tell of our own sufferings.The long silence the sinking of the Wilhelm Guslloff was probably unavoidable-and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their countrys monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, margina

18、lize the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Todays unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long troubled history, for that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But

19、 even the most politically correct Germans believe that theyve now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.1.Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst

20、 tragedy in maritime history?2.Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when（ ）.3.The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about far more than half a century because Germans（ ）.4.How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy?5.It can be learned from the passage that

21、Germans no longer think that（ ）.问题1选项A.It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.B.Most of its passengers were frozen to death.C.Its victims were mostly women and children.D.It caused the largest number of casualties.问题2选项A.a strong ice storm tilted shipB.the cruise ship sank all of a suddenC.the badly d

22、amaged ship leaned toward one sideD.the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats问题3选项A.were eager to win international acceptanceB.felt guilty for their crimes in World War C.had been pressured to keep silent about itD.were afraid of offending their neighbors问题4选项A.By presenting the ho

23、rrible scene of the torpedo attack.B.By describing the ships sinking in great detail.C.By giving an interview to the weekly the Woche.D.By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.问题5选项A.they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm GustlofF tragedyB.the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy

24、is a reasonable price to pay for the nations past misdeedsC.Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War IID.it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countries【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第一句提到“这是航海史上最大的悲剧，死亡人数是泰坦尼克号的六倍”（It was the worst

25、 tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic），选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第一段第三句话提到“一场暴风雪将甲板变成了冰封的床单，当船倾斜时，成百上千的家庭滑入了大海”（An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that seat hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go clown），选项C“严重损坏的船倾斜向一边”符合

26、题意。3.文章第二段最后一句提到“因为我们德国人要负责的罪行太多，所以我们没有余力去诉说我们自己的苦难”（Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didnt have the energy left lo tell of our own sufferings），选项B“为他们在二战中的罪行感到愧疚”符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第二段第二句提到“（小说）没有详细叙述船的沉没，女主人公是一个怀孕的年轻女性，幸免于难的她后来只是说不管在东德还是西德，没有人想听关于它的事情”（doe

27、snt dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later），选项D符合题意。5.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到“但是甚至在政治上最正确的德国人也相信他们已经赢得了去讨论整个历史记录的权利。不是去拿德国人的苦难与他们导致的受害者的苦难等同起来，而是简单地承认一次可怕的悲剧”（But even the most politically correct Germans believe that theyve now earned the r

28、ight to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy），选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Grandma Moses is among the most celebrated twentieth century painters of the United States, yet she had barely started painting before she

29、was in her late seventies. As she once said of herself: “I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.” No one could have had a more productive age.She was born Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. (“We came in bunches, like r

30、adishes.)At twelve she left home and was in domestic service until, at twenty seven, she married Tomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived; her husba

31、nd died in 1927. Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby, but only switched to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and

32、 were soon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930s and her death she produced some 2,000 pictures: detailed and lively portrayals of the rural life

33、 she had known for so long, with a marvelous sense of color and form. I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it” she said.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?2.According to the passage, Grandma Moses began to paint because she wante

34、d to（ ）.3.From Grandma Moses description of herself in the first paragraph, it can be inferred that she was（ ）.4.Grandma Moses spent most of her life（ ）.5.In line 14, the word “spotted” could best be replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.Grandma Moses: A Biographical Sketch.B.The Children of Grandma Moses.C.Grandma

35、 Moses: Her Best Exhibition.D.Grandma Moses and Other Older Artists.问题2选项A.decorate her homeB.keep activeC.improve her salaryD.gain an international reputation问题3选项A.independentB.prettyC.wealthyD.timid问题4选项A.nursingB.paintingC.embroideriesD.farming问题5选项A.speckledB.featuredC.noticedD.damaged【答案】第1题:A

36、第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最适合做文章标题的是”。文章全文讲述了Grandma Moses的个人及艺术生涯，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“Grandma Moses开始画画是为了”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在摇椅上等别人来帮助我”（I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me），第二段提到“想让自己把持忙碌来打发时间”（she wanted to keep busy and pass the time），由此可知选项B“保持活跃”

37、符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“从第一段中Grandma Moses对于自己的描述可以得知”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在摇椅上等别人来帮助我”（I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me），可以看出她是一个非常独立的人，选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“Grandma Moses大部分时间花在了”。文章第二段提到“他们大半生时间是在农场度过的”（They farmed most of their lives），由此可知选项D符合题意。5.词义题。题目问的是“spotted可以

38、由哪个词代替”。文章第二段中提到“（她的画作）很快被一个经销商，买走了她画的所有东西”（and were soon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted），可以推测画作很快被发现，接着被买走，因此，spotted在这里的意思应该是“被发现，被注意到”，选项C符合题意。5. 单选题It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder Americans, life e

39、xpectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a

40、 great health-care system can cure death and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat deat

41、h as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope

42、 in the patient too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude

43、that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duly to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier peo

44、ple can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work though their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Summer Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon gene

45、ral C. Everett Koop chairs all Internet start-lip in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in

46、 this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be over-funding the quest fo

47、r unlikely cures while under-funding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives.1.What is implied in the first sentence?2.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that（ ）.3.The authors attitude toward Richard Lamms remark is one of（ ）.4.In contrast to the US, Japan

48、and Sweden are funding their medical care（ ）.5.The text intends to express the idea that（ ）.问题1选项A.Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B.Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C.Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D.Americans take a vain pri

49、de in their long life expectancy.问题2选项A.medical resources are often wastedB.doctors arc helpless against fatal diseasesC.some treatments are too aggressiveD.medical costs are becoming unaffordable问题3选项A.strong disapprovalB.reserved consentC.slight contemptD.enthusiastic support问题4选项A.more flexiblyB.

50、more extravagantlyC.more cautiouslyD.more reasonably问题5选项A.medicine will further prolong peoples livesB.life beyond a certain limit is not worth livingC.death should be accepted as a fact of lifeD.excessive demands increase the cost of health care【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“第一句话暗含

51、着”。文章第一段第一句提到“据说，死亡在英国是迫在眉睫，在加拿大是不可避免，而在加利福尼亚是可以选择的”（It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional），第二三句提到“很少有人怀疑美国人的寿命在上个世纪已经几乎翻倍。坏死的髋骨可以更换”（Small wonder Americans, life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced

52、），由此可以看出美国人对自己的医疗技术非常有信心，选项C“美国人对他们的医疗技术过分自信”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者使用癌症患者的例子去表明”。文章第一段倒数第三句话提到“由于医疗费用由第三方支付，我们要求尽可能为我们做任何治疗，尽管这些治疗毫无用处”（Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless），然后提到癌症治疗，由此可以推测作者认为这种做法使得医疗资源被浪

53、费了，选项A符合题意。3.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对理查德拉姆的评论的态度是”。理查德拉姆认为“老人和虚弱的病人应该坦然面对死亡，为他人让路”。文章第三段提到“我不会那么极端”（I would not go that far），即在某些程度上不认同理查德的观点；最后一段提到“但是社会在延长人的寿命的追求上是有极限的”（Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit），所以在这个意义上作者同意理查德的看法，因此选项B“保留意见”符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“与美国相比，日本和瑞典正资助自己的医疗”。文章

54、最后一段提到“在医疗上的花费远远低于我们的日本和瑞典人，获得比我们更长，更健康。作为一个民族，我们可能在寻求无效的治疗方法上花钱太多，而在提高人们生活质量的普通医疗方面花钱太少”（people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be over-funding the quest for unlikely cures while under-fundin

55、g research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives），由此可推测，日本与瑞典在医疗上的花费更合理。选项D符合题意。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章试图阐述”。文章第一段提到“但是，即使是一个伟大的医疗保健系统也无法治愈死亡，而我们未能正视这一现实。死亡是正常的，即使在理想的条件下，基因也会解体和灭亡”（But not even a great health-care system can cure death and our failure to confront that reality now threatens

56、 this greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions），因此选项C符合题意。6. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.The Olympic Games can be traced back to the ancient times. The Greeks liked all kinds of sports, because sports

57、 made the body strong. The games were held every four years and hundreds of thousands of people gathered on vast flatlands to appreciate the competition between athletes from all parts of Greece. The events included running, wrestling, and horse races. There were events for both adults and children.

58、 In most of the games, adults and children wore little or no clothing. Instead, oil was spread over the body. The trophy was a laurel made of olive leaves. It was the greatest honor to be crowned with a laurel.Hard work enables me to survive the most difficult time in my life abroad, during my first

59、 few employments. However, after I joined my current company, my workaholic was soon challenged by my boss. When I called him at home after office hours for business purpose, he politely reminded me that he preferred talking about work with me later in the office. When the holiday season approached,

60、 he always asked me to schedule my leave beforehand. He talked with me about his holiday and also enquired about mine. For him leave is the right, but also a need.【答案】奥运会可以追溯到古代。希腊人喜欢运动，因为运动能让身体强壮。奥运会每四年一次，成千上万的人聚集在广阔的平地上来观看希腊各地运动员之间的比赛。比赛项目包括跑步、摔跤和赛马。成人和儿童的项目都有。在大部分比赛中，成人和儿童穿得很少或者不穿衣服，全身擦满油。奖杯是用橄榄叶

61、做成的桂冠。被授予桂冠是最高的荣誉。在我最初的几次工作中，努力工作让我度过了在国外生活的最困难时期。然而，在我加入现在的公司后，我的工作狂行为受到了自己老板的挑战。每当我下班后跟他打电话谈论工作时，他礼貌地提醒我他更愿意在上班时间跟我讨论。临近假期时，他总是让我提前安排假期。他经常和我谈论他的假期，也打听我的假期。对于他来说，放假是一种权利，也是一种必要。7. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.南京拥有两千四百多年建城史，是全国首批公布的历史文化名城之一。全市有国家级文物保护单位27处，其中，明孝陵己被列为世界文化遗产。600多年前建

62、成的明城墙，现存25.091公里，是目前世界上保存最长的古城墙。南京现有12个项目被列入国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录，南京云锦、金陵刻经被列入世界非物质文化遗产名录。农历八月十五是我国传统的中秋节。八月十五恰在秋季的中间，故谓之中秋节。 中秋之夜，月色皎洁，古人把圆月视为团圆的象征。相传我国古代帝王就有春天祭日、秋天祭月的礼制，在民间，每逢八月中秋，也有拜月或祭月的风俗。月饼最初是用来祭奉月祌的祭品，后来人们逐渐把中秋赏月与品尝月饼，作为家人团圆的象征。月饼的制作从唐代以后越来越考究，精美的饼面图案不但烘托了中秋佳节的祥和气氛，而且也增加了节日的诗情画意。【答案】Nanjing, with a

63、 history of more than 2,400 years, is one of the first released batch of the historical and cultural cities in China. There are 27 state-level cultural relics protection units, among which, Ming Tomb has been listed as a world cultural heritage. Built more than 600 years ago, the wall of the Ming To

64、mb, with an existing length of 25.091 kilometers, is the longest preserved ancient wall in the world. Nanjing currently has 12 projects enlisted in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list, among of which both Nanjing Brocade and Jinling Carving are selected into world intangible cultural heritage list.The Lunar August 15th is the traditional Chinese Mi