2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前模拟强化练习题97（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of royalty. Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars a

2、re transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive airplanes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and body guards. Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported for, like Royalty

3、 pop stars are news. If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearance in public. They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them. They are no longer private in

4、dividuals, but public property. The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice can not be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. The great days of Hollywood have become legendary famous stars enjoying fame, w

5、ealth adulation on an unprecedented scale. By todays standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the film of the past ever did. The competition for the title “Top of the Pop” is fierce, but the reward

6、s are truly colossal!It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Dont the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency-often more than large industrial concerns-and the taxman can only be gra

7、teful for their massive annual contributions to the exchequer. So who would begrudge them their rewards?Its all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes and rewards of others. People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of

8、 the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards. He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what h

9、e can earn. But a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete. But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high in

10、deed; they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. Thats the essence of private enterprise.1.What is the authors attitude toward top stars high income?2.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ）.3.Which of the following is true accordi

11、ng to the text?4.According to the author, one who dreams of being a star should be aware that（ ）.问题1选项A.ApprovalB.Disapproved.C.ronicalD.Indifferent.问题2选项A.there exists fierce competition in climbing to the top of the PopsB.people are blind in idolizing starsC.successful pop stars give great enterta

12、inmentD.pops stars usually try to avoid paying tax问题3选项A.Pop stars get high-income repayment but are taxed less.B.Great contribution made by pop stars is limited to entertainment industry.C.Successful men represent the tip of the iceberg.D.Pop stars shouldnt enjoy the life of royalty.问题4选项A.first he

13、 should look for a steady job with a pensionB.at last many people can climb to the very topC.great efforts will surely be rewarded with complete successD.the essence of private enterprise is huge risks probably bringing high rewards【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由最后一段“But he knows, too, that

14、the rewards for success are very high indeed; they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. 但他也知道，成功的回报确实很高；这是对所涉及的巨大风险的补偿，如果他实现了这些目标，这些回报也是应得的。”可知作者认同这种观点即高风险与高回报是并存的。答案A第2题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“The competition for the title Top of the Pop is f

15、ierce流行音乐之巅的竞争非常激烈”，可知A项正确，答案A。第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. 发表嫉妒言论的人应该记住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角。”可知C项正确，答案C。第4题:推理判断题。由文章末尾“He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete. But he knows

16、, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed; they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. Thats the essence of private enterprise. 他知道多年的集中努力可能会得到完全的回报。但他也知道，成功的回报确实很高；这是对所涉及的巨大风险的补偿，如果他实现了这些目标，他肯定是应得的。这就是个人事业的本质。”可知作者认为个人事业的

17、高风险和高回报并存，这是梦想成为明星的人该注意的地方。故D项正确。2. 单选题The remarkable （ ）of life on the Galapagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin toestablish his theory of evolution.问题1选项A.classificationB.varietyC.densityD.diversion【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。classification “分类，类别”； variety “多样化”；density “密度”；diversion “转移，消遣”。句意：加拉帕戈斯群岛上生物显著

18、的多样性激发了达尔文去建立自己的进化论。由后半句“激发了达尔文去建立自己的进化论”可推知该岛上的生物是多样的。答案B3. 单选题Most people who travel long distances complaining of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone（1）making mistakes. It is actually caused by（2）of your body clock - a small cluster of brain cells that controls

19、the timing of biological（3）. The body clock is designed for a（4）rhythm of daylight and darkness, so it is thrown out of balance when it（5）daylight and darkness at the “wrong times in a new time zone. The（6）of jetlag often persist for days（7）the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone

20、.Now a new anti-jetlag system is（8） that is based on proven（9）pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has（10）a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone（11）controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates（12

21、）of the discomfort of jetlag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either（13） or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The（14）schedule for light exposure depends a great deal on（15）travel planes.Data on a specific flight i

22、tinerary and the individuals sleep（16）are used to produce a Trip Guide with（17）on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.When the trip Guide calls（18）bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside or the weather is bad, or you are on an airplane, you can use a spe

23、cial light（19）to provide the necessary light（20）for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.问题1选项A.forB.fromC.toD.or问题2选项A.ruptureB.corruptionC.eruptionD.disruption问题3选项A.actionsB.functionsC.reflectionD.behavior问题4选项A.regularB.formalC.continualD.circular问题5选项A.retainsB.encounte

24、rsC.possessesD.experiences问题6选项A.diseasesB.symptomsC.signsD.defects问题7选项A.whileB.whereasC.untilD.although问题8选项A.adaptableB.approachableC.availableD.agreeable问题9选项A.broadB.inclusiveC.tentativeD.extensive问题10选项A.devisedB.witnessedC.scrutinizedD.visualized问题11选项A.atB.throughC.inD.as问题12选项A.leastB.mostC

25、.littleD.more问题13选项A.attainB.shedC.retrieveD.seek问题14选项A.tightB.rightC.properD.very问题15选项A.uniqueB.specificC.complicatedD.peculiar问题16选项A.normB.modeC.patternD.style问题17选项A.directoriesB.instructionsC.specificationsD.commentaries问题18选项A.offB.onC.forD.up问题19选项A.deviceB.serviceC.measurementD.year问题20选项A

26、.agitationB.spurC.accelerationD.stimulus【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:B第12题:B第13题:D第14题:B第15题:B第16题:C第17题:B第18题:C第19题:A第20题:D【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。be prone to “有的倾向，易于”第2题:考查名词辨析。句意：由于生物钟紊乱导致低效以及易出错。disruption扰乱。第3题:考查名词辨析。biological action生物作用； biological behavior生物活动。句意：生物钟控

27、制生命活动的时间安排。第4题:考查形容词辨析。regular定期的，有规律的； formal正式的；continual继续的； circular循环的。句意：生物钟是用来调节白天和黑夜的规律的。故答案A第5题:考查动词辨析。 retain保留；encounter遭遇，遇到；possess拥有；experience经历。句意：在一个新时区里，当生物钟在一个错误的时间经历白天和黑夜时，就会失去平衡。第6题:考查名词辨析。句意：生物钟紊乱这种症状经常持续故答案B第7题:考查连词辨析。句意：生物钟紊乱这种症状经常持续，直到生物钟适应了新的时区。故C项符合句意。第8题:考查形容词辨析。此处意为：现有的能

28、够抵抗生物钟紊乱的新系统是 “available可获得的”符合题意。adaptable 适合的，能适应的；approachable亲切友善的，易理解的；agreeable令人愉快的，和蔼可亲的。第9题:考查形容词辨析。broad“宽广的”，inclusive“包含的”，tentative“试验性的，尝试的，暂时性的”；extensive“广泛的，大规模的”。此处意为：基于大量的科学研究第10题:考查动词辨析。句意：Dr. Martin想出了一种实用的策略 devise设计，想出； witness目击，证明 ；scrutinize详细检查； visualize形象化，想象。第11题:考查介词辨析

29、。此处意为通过接触明亮的光线第12题:考查副词辨析。联系上下文可知答案B第13题:考查动词辨析。由or 可知此处为并列或相反关系，seek和avoid构成一对反义词 。第14题:考查形容词辨析。句意：正确接受光照的时间很大程度上取决于第15题:考查形容词辨析。句意：正确接受光照的时间很大程度上取决于具体乘坐哪一班航班。第16题:考查名词辨析。sleep pattern睡眠模式，睡眠规律。第17题:考查名词辨析。根据下文内容可知，此处意为：什么时候暴露在阳光下的说明。第18题:考查固定搭配。此处意为：当说明/指南需要你接受光照的时候第19题:考查名词辨析。此处意为：用一种特殊的光照装置来产生必要

30、的光照。第20题:考查名词辨析。此处意为：用特殊的装置提供必要的光刺激。agitation 搅动，煽动； spur 激励； acceleration加速，促进；stimulus刺激、激励。4. 单选题He was punished （ ）he should make the same mistake again.问题1选项A.unlessB.providedC.ifD.lest【答案】D【解析】考查连词辨析。unless 除非；provided 倘若；if如果；lest 以防，以免。句意：他被处罚了以免他再犯同样的错误。后半句用的是虚拟语气，表示对未来的虚拟。由句意可知，D项正确。答案D5.

31、单选题Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is saidthe words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only

32、 a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words.We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except “Im letting off some steam. I dont re

33、ally want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling. Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner. This step has to be fixed before Ill buy. The owner says, Its been like that for years. Actually, the

34、step hasnt been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you? The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed by examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it

35、 was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the oilier couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more t

36、han the frequency of the behavior. A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a pers

37、on who says No” to a serials of charges like “Youre dumb.” “Youre lazy,” and “Youre dishonest,” may also say “No” and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And youre good looking.”We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “If sure has beennice to ha

38、ve you over,” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say so

39、mething the less importance it assumes.1.“Im letting off some steam” in paragraph 2 means（ ）.2.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if（ ）.3.The house-owners example shows that he actually means（ ）.4.The word ritualistically in the last paragraph equals someth

40、ing done（ ）.问题1选项A.Im just calling your attention.B.Im just kidding.C.Im just saying the opposite.D.Im just giving off some sound.问题2选项A.they use proper words to carry their ideasB.they both speak truly of their own feelingsC.they try to understand each others ideas beyond wordsD.they are capable of

41、 associating meaning with their words问题3选项A.the step has been like that for years.B.he doesnt think it necessary to fix the step.C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.问题4选项A.without true intentionB.light-heartedlyC.in a way of ceremonyD.

42、with less emphasis【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由 “We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling. 我们并不总是言出必行。

43、有时候我们说的话没有任何意义，只是在发泄。我真的不希望你仔细听我说的话。但是请注意我的感受。”可知B项“我在开玩笑”正确。答案B。第2题:细节事实题。由第一段中的“Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. 词汇确实给我们提供了一些信息，但它

44、的意义来自于如此多的其他来源，以至于过多依赖言语会阻碍我们与他人交流的有效性。”可知D项正确，不能太依赖字面意思，而是要根据具体语境去联想，这样才能增加交流的有效性。答案D第3题:细节事实题。由“Actually, the step hasnt been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: I dont want to fix it 事实上，这个台阶已经很多年来不是这样的，但其中隐含的信息是：我不想把它修好”对应可知B项正确。第4题:词义题。此题可以根据排除法来做。由 “with emphasis and excitement o

45、r ritualistically.” 可知这句话“如果你能来那真是太好了”可以用强调、兴奋或仪式性的语气说出来。可先排除B、D项，A项“没有真正的意图”也不符合。所以ritualistically意为仪式地。答案Ctically只可能与C项意思接近，答案C6. 单选题With keen（ ） , convincing facts and a global angle, the author vividly recorded a brilliant page of the great Chinese revolution.问题1选项A.inspectionB.intellectualC.int

46、entionD.insight【答案】D【解析】考查形似词辨析。inspection 检查，检验； intellectual 智力的，有才智的； intention 意图； insight 洞察力，洞悉。句意：通过敏锐的洞察力、有说服力的事实和全球化的视角，作者生动地记录了中国革命伟大辉煌的一页。空格处应填一个名词，首先排除B项。再根据句意可知D项最合适。答案D7. 单选题To survive, psychologically as well as physically, human being must inhabit a world that is relatively free of a

47、mbiguity and reasonably predictable. Some sort of structure must be placed upon the endless profusion of incoming signals. The infant, born into a world of flashing, hissing, moving images, soon learns to adapt by resolving this chaos into toys and tables, dogs and parents. Even adults who have had

48、their vision or hearing restored through surgery describe the world as a frightening and sometimes unbearable experience; only after days of effort are they able to transform blur and noise into meaningful and therefore manageable experiences.It is commonplace to talk as if the world has meaning, to

49、 ask what is the meaning of a phrase, a gesture, a painting, a contract. Yet when thought about, it is clear that events are devoid of meaning until someone assigns it to them. There is no appropriate response to a bow or a handshake, a shout or a whisper, until it is interpreted. A drop of water an

50、d the color red have no meaning, they simply exist .The aim of human perception is to make the world intelligible so that it can be managed successfully; the attribution of meaning is a prerequisite to and preparation for action.People are never passive receivers, merely absorbing events of obvious

51、significance, but are active in assigning meaning to sensation. What any event acquired in the way of meaning appears to reflect a transaction between what is there to be seen or heard, and what the interpreter brings to it in the way of past experience and prevailing motive. Thus the attribution of

52、 meaning is always a creative process by which the raw data of sensation are transformed to fit the aims of the observer.The diversity of reactions that can be triggered by a single experience - meeting a stranger, negotiating a contract, attending a textile conference-is immense. Each observer is f

53、orced to see it through his own eyes, interpret it in the light of his own values, fit it to the requirements of his own circumstances. As a consequence, every object and message is seen by every observer from a somewhat different perspective. Each person will note some features and neglect others.

54、Each will accept sonic relations among the facts and deny others Each will arrive at some conclusion, tentative or certain, as the sounds and forms resolve into a temple or barn, a compliment or insult.1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that （ ）.2.In order to assign meaning to anythi

55、ng in the world, one needs to（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?4.The authors main purpose in writing this article is to （ ）.问题1选项A.the world is bewildering to the infant and to the adult alike .B.surgery will restore a meaningful world to those who undertake it

56、C.any response to the world would be impossible if meaning were not first assigned to itD.the world will be devoid of meaning if people fail to understand the special incoming signals问题2选项A.have a full knowledge of the structure of the worldB.transform the incoming signals, with the help of previous

57、 experiences, so that they can serve ones own purposeC.differentiate incoming signals that are of significance and those that are notD.be endowed with creativeness问题3选项A.Only visual images can be assigned meaningB.Incoming signals exist for the purpose of conveying meaning to peopleC.An individual m

58、ight have to adapt himself to the diversified experience in this worldD.People may have different responses to the same incoming signal.问题4选项A.illustrate the different perspectives people may take in interpreting an experienceB.show that meaning is but a subjective matterC.demonstrate how we can ass

59、ign meaning to the worldD.argue that one needs to have some insight to understand the world【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“The aim of human perception is to make the world intelligible so that it can be managed successfully; the attribution of meaning is a prerequisite to and preparat

60、ion for action. 人类感知的目的是使世界变得可理解，以便成功地管理世界; 意义的归属是行动的前提和准备。”可知C项“如果世界没有提前被赋予具体意义，那么对于世界的任何反应都是不可能的”正确。第2题:细节事实题。由第三段可知“what the interpreter brings to it in the way of past experience and prevailing motive. Thus the attribution of meaning is always a creative process by which the raw data of sensatio

61、n are transformed to fit the aims of the observer. 这是解释者根据过去的经验和普遍的动机而得出的结论。因此，意义的归属始终是一个创造性的过程，通过这个过程，原始的感觉被转化为符合观察者的目标。”答案B第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“every object and message is seen by every observer from a somewhat different perspective. Each person will note some features and neglect others. 每个观察者从不同的角度来看待每一个对象和信息。每个人都会注意到一些特征而忽略其他的。”可知D项正确，答案D第4题:主旨大意题。文章第一段就提到，世界必须被赋予具体的意义。以及第四段“every object and message is seen by every observer from a somewhat different perspective. Each person will note some features and neglect others.人们看待事物的视角和观点不同，那么赋予事物的含义也会不同。”可知整篇文章作者的写作目的是表明事物的含义都是人赋予的，是主观的东西。答案B