2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解12

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1、2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Over the past several decades, the U. S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with “nonhuman creatures such as

2、Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Pe

3、ru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they

4、 can only be viewed at a height of 1, 000 feel meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B. C. , when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create

5、these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Danikens theory. Over the years

6、several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America past

7、, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.1.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?2.According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found_.3.We

8、can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the_the images they present.4.There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of_.5.The author is_about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.问题1选项A.Latin America has long received attention for unusual pheno

9、mena.B.Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C.Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D.Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.问题2选项A.in mountainsB.Pin stonesC.on animalsD.on a plain问题3选项A.smallerB.largerC.clearerD.brighter问题4选项A.the participat

10、ion of scientistsB.the emergence of the InternetC.the birth of new theoriesD.the interest in the Internet问题5选项A.cautious.B.pessimisticC.uncertainD.optimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well.”选项A与原文不符，所以本题选A。2.根据关键词定位

11、到第二段的一二句“The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain,.”选项D符合原文。3.根据第二段的三四句“Seen at ground level,.meaning from an aircraft.”从地面上看，感觉杂乱无章，毫无意义。图像太大所以只能在1000英尺的高度上观看也就是在飞机上。由此可以推断，越高看得越清晰，选项C正确。4.根据第三段的第一句“Today there is a new and heigh

12、tened interest in the Nazca lines. It is direct result of the creation of the Internet.”现在人们对Nazca线条有了更多的兴趣，它是因互联网出现而导致的直接结果。所以选项B符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容可知, 作者认为互联网能够帮助解开更多的未知之谜，这是一个正确的方向。所以，作者的态度是积极乐观的，选项D正确。cautious谨慎的；pessimistic悲观的；uncertain不确定的。2. 单选题In some countries where racial prejudice is acute,

13、violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force, and there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Importa

14、nt people on both side who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violenceas if it were a legitimate solution, like any other, what is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we hav

15、e made no actual progress at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence neve

16、r solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it

17、 harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. But enforcement! If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at c

18、leaning up the slums and ghettos,at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is undermined by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be

19、 impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around US. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to

20、contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this,we must learn about them： it is a simple exercise in communication,in exchanging information. “Talk,talk, talk,the advocates of violence say,” all you ever do is talk,and we are none the wise

21、r.“Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk,he was none the wiser”. Possible? My lord,the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed

22、.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom; the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1.Which can best replace the word “acute” (Line 1, Para. 1 ) mean （ ） .2.What does the author intend to convey in the first paragraph?3.What does the author think of our energy an

23、d strength?4.What do truly reasonable men advocate to solve the problem of race prejudice?5.According to the author, whats the prerequisite of peaceful co-existence between the races?问题1选项A.intelligent and quick to notice and understand thingsB.having a sharp end or pointC.very sensitive and well de

24、velopedD.serious or severe问题2选项A.Violence leads to nowhere but making things worse.B.Violence is the root of evils.C.Violence is what humankind resents most.D.Violence can be eliminated sooner or later.问题3选项A.They are wasted and might be well directed and achieve more meaningful results.B.They are a

25、lready constructive and well directed and will fulfill a stable society.C.They will work only with coordinated efforts.D.They will work like magic on the solution of racial prejudice.问题4选项A.Law enforcement.B.Knowledge.C.Nonviolence.D.Eliminating violence mess.问题5选项A.Mutual understanding.B.Mutually c

26、ooperative.C.Learning from each other.D.Bridging the misunderstanding gap between races customs.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.根据后半句“.violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.”因此，人们理所当然地认为暴力是解决分歧的一种手段，甚至没有人对它提出质疑。说明这是很严重的种族歧视。

27、选项D符合原文。2.根据第一段的内容可知，作者指出人们对暴力解决问题的麻木和无知，意在告诉人们暴力不仅无法解决问题，甚至可能让事情变得更糟糕。选项A符合原文。3.根据第四段的倒是第三句“ In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program.在指导得当的情况下，实现一个稳定的社会计划的理想并非不可能。选项A符合原文。4.根据第四段的第二句“They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by

28、their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.”选项A正确。5.根据第五段的第一句“Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems.”在我们开始考虑种族之间的和平共处之前，我们必须了解彼此的问题。也就是说消除种族习俗之间的误解。选项D符合原文。3. 单选题In the p

29、ast ten years skyscrapers have developed（ ） in Chicago and New York City.问题1选项A.homogeneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.harmoniously【答案】B【解析】homogeneously均匀地;simultaneously同时地, 同步地;spontaneously自发地;harmoniously 和谐地。句意为, 在过去的十年里, 摩天大楼在纽约和芝加哥同步发展起来了。4. 单选题One of the good things for men in womens

30、 liberation is hat men no longer have to pay women the old-fashioned courtesiesIn an article on the new manners, Mrs Holmes says that a perfectly able woman no longer has to act helplessly in public as if she were a model. For example, she doesnt need help getting in and out of cars. “Women get in a

31、nd out of ears twenty times a day with babies and dogs. Surely the can get out by themselves at night just as easily.”She also says there is no reason why a man should walk on the outside of a woman on the sidewalk. Historically, the man walked on the inside so he caught the garbage thrown out of a

32、window. Today a man is supposed to walk on the outside. A man should walk where he wants to. So should a woman. If, out of love and respect, he actually wants to take the blows, he should walk on the insidebecause thats where attackers are all hiding these days.As far as manners are concerned, I sup

33、pose I have always been a supporter of womens liberation. Over the years, out of a sense of respect, I imagine, I have refused to trouble women with outdated courtesies.It is usually easier to follow rules of social behavior than to depend on ones own taste. But rules may he safely broken, of course

34、, by those of us with the gift of natural grace. For example, when a man and a woman are led to their table in a restaurant and the waiter pulls out a chair, the woman is expected to sit in the chair. That is according to Ms. Ann Clark. I have always done it the other way, according to my life.It ca

35、me up only the other night. I followed the hostess to the table, and when she pulled the chair out I sat on it, quite naturally, since it happened to be the chair I wanted to sit in.“Well,” my wife said, when the hostess had gone, “you did it again.”“Did what?” I asked, utterly confused.“Took the ch

36、air.”Actually, since Id walked through the restaurant ahead of my wife, it would have been awkward, I should think, not to have taken the chair. I had got there first, after all.Also, it has always been my custom to get in a car first, and let the woman get in by herself. This is courtesy I insist o

37、n as the stronger sex, out of love and respect. In times like these, there might be attackers hidden about. It would be unsuitable to put a woman in a car and then shut the door on her, leaving her at the mercy of some had fellow who might be hiding in the back seat.1.It can be concluded from the pa

38、ssage that_.2.Whats the authors attitude about the whole question of manners and womens liberation?3.Ms. Ann Clark would most probably agree that_.4.By saying you did it again(Para. 7), the authors wife means that_.5.Which of the following is NOT the reason why the author gets into a car before a wo

39、man?问题1选项A.it can break rules of social behaviorsB.in womens liberation men are also liberatedC.women are becoming more competent than beforeD.men should walk on the outside of a pavement问题2选项A.SeriousB.CriticalC.JokingD.Satirical问题3选项A.Ms. Holmess opinions on the new manners are justifiedB.the auth

40、or is a man with the gift of natural graceC.one should follow social custom instead of his own tasteD.men and women are equal in most of the social events问题4选项A.the author should have shown his politeness by pulling out the chair for herB.the author should not have sat down before she didC.the autho

41、r should not have sat in the chair pulled out by the waitressD.the author should have walked behind her问题5选项A.He intends to be polite to the woman.B.He does that by force of habit.C.He wants to protect the woman from hidden danger.D.He thinks women nowadays are as capable as men.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第

42、4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“One of the good things for men in womens liberation is that men no longer have to pay women the old-fashioned courtesies”对男性来说, 妇女解放带来的一个好处就是男人不用遵守尊重妇女的旧式礼节了。由此可知, 在妇女解放过程中, 男性也得到了解放, 所以选项B符合原文。2.从作者的叙述方式看, 作者在讨论举止风度以及妇女解放问题时带有调侃语气。例如, 在第四段的第二句中, 作者说, 他拒绝用一些过时的礼节来麻烦女士(事实上对女性

43、表示礼貌恭维谈不上是“麻烦”), 而且之所以这样, 是出于一种尊敬。又如, 在第五段第二句中, 作者将自己看作是那些具有“天然风度”(natural grace)的男士, 而所谓“天然”, 却是一切顺其自然, 不受社会礼仪规范所约束。由此可以确定选项C为正确答案。3.根据关键词“Ann Clark”定位到第五段的后半部分, Ann Clark认为当一名男性和一名女性被带到餐桌子前, 服务员拿出一把椅子, 坐在椅子上的应该是女性。说明Ann Clark比较赞同传统的社会行为规则, 而作者的做法恰好与其相反, 他喜欢顺着自己的意愿。所以选项C符合原文。4.根据原文内容可知, 作者坐在那把椅子上的原

44、因是因为那个正是他想坐的椅子, 而且他是在妻子的前面到达的, 这是作者的一种习惯。所以作者的妻子认为作者不应该按照自己的习惯坐在那把椅子上, 所以选项C正确。5.根据原文最后一段内容可知, 作者比女性先上车的原因, 首先这是他的一个习惯, 其次是出于礼貌, 爱和尊重, 以及保护女性的安全避免受到潜在的袭击。只有选项D不正确。5. 单选题During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to （ ） building materials to the upper floors.问题1选项A.tossB.towC.hoistD.hurl

45、【答案】C【解析】toss投掷, 摇晃;tow拉, 牵引;hoist升起,提起;hurl丢下, 用力投掷。句意：在摩天大厦的建设期间, 使用吊车把建筑材料提到上面的楼层。6. 单选题（ ） , explorers could never have found the cave.问题1选项A.But for the fissure had been spottedB.If not the fissure had been spottedC.Had the fissure not been spottedD.Had not the fissure been spotted【答案】D【解析】本句为省

46、略了引导词if的条件句, 所以需要倒装。在这种情况下, 如果从句是否定形式且从句主语是名词, 那么否定词not放在名词前面；而如果从句主语是代词, 则把not放在代词后面, 如“haditnotbeen.”。所以选项D正确。7. 单选题A good many houses _ knocked down by the earthquake.问题1选项A.wasB.wereC.isD.are【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。a good many接复数可数名词, 所以后面的谓语应该为复数。首先排除选项A和C。本句时态为过去时, 所以选项B正确。8. 单选题Planning our vocation

47、we must take the frequent （ ） of the weather into consideration.问题1选项A.transformationB.transmissionC.transactionD.transition【答案】A【解析】transformation转化, 转换；transmission传递。传播；transaction交易；transition过渡。句意：计划假期的时候, 我们必须把变化莫测的天气考虑进去。9. 单选题At home Theodore Roosevelt had affection, not compliments, whether

48、 these were unintentional and sincere or were thinly disguised flattery. And affection was what he most craved from his family and nearest friends, and what he gave to them without stint. As I have said, he allowed nothing to interrupt the hours set apart for his wife and children while he was at th

49、e White House, and at Oyster Bay there was always time for them. A typical story is told of the boys coming in upon him during a conference with some important visitor, and saying reproachfully, “ its long after four oclock, and you promised to go with us at four.” “So I did.” said Roosevelt. And he

50、 quickly finished his business with the visitor and went. When the children were young, he usually saw them at supper and into bed, and he talked of the famous pillow fight they had with him. House guests at the White House some times unexpectedly caught sight of him crawling in the entry near the c

51、hildrens rooms, with two or three children riding on his back. Roosevelt s days were seldom less than fifteen hours long, and we can guess how he regarded the laboring men of to day who clamor for eight and six, and even fewer hours, as the normal period for a days work. He got up at half past seven

52、 and always finished breakfast by nine, when what many might call tile real work of his day began.The unimaginative laborer probably supposes that most of the duties which fall to an industrious President are not strictly work at all; but if any one had to meet for an hour and a half every forenoon

53、such Congressmen and Senators as chose to call on him, he would understand that that was a job involving real work, hard work. They came every day with a grievance, or an appeal, or a suggestion, or a favor to ask, and he had to treat each one, not only politely, but more or less differently. Early

54、in his Administration, I heard it said that he offended some Congressmen by denying their requests in so loud a voice that others in the room could hear him, and this seemed to some a humiliation. President Mckinley, on the other hand, they said, lowered his voice, and spoke so softly and sweetly th

55、at even his refusal did not jar on his visitor, and was not heard at all by the bystanders. If this happened, I suspect it was because Roosevelt spoke rather explosively and had a habit of emphasis, and not because he wished in any way to send his petitioners rebuff through the room.Nor was the hour

56、 which followed this, when he received general callers, less wearing. As these persons came from all parts of the Union, so they were of all sorts and temperaments. Here was a worthy citizen from Colorado Who, on the strength of having once heard the President make a public speech in Denver, claimed

57、 immediate friendship with him. Then might come an old lady from Georgia, who remembered his mothers people there, or the lady from Jacksonville, Florida, of whom I have already spoken. Once a little boy, who was almost lost in the crush of grown-up visitors, managed to reach to the President, “What

58、 can I do for you?” the President asked; and the boy told how his father had died leaving his mother with a large family and no money, and how he was selling typewriters to help support her. His mother, he said, would be most grateful if the President would accept a typewriter from her as a gift. So

59、 the President told the little fellow to go and sit down until the other visitors had passed, and then he would attend to him. No doubt, the boy left the White House well contended-and richer.1.From the stories which exemplify Roosevelts affection for his family members, we can infer that（ ） .2.Acco

60、rding to the author, Theodore Roosevelt （ ） .3.What might an unimaginative laborer think of the Presidents duties?4.How was President Roosevelts offending denial of some Congressmens requests explained?5.How did the president treat the boy who had lost his father?问题1选项A.he was not flexible with his

61、scheduleB.the President tried to fulfill his promise to themC.he would stopped whatever he was doing for themD.the President apologized to them when he could not stay with them问题2选项A.was a hard-working PresidentB.tried to reduce the length of his workdayC.really appreciated the idea of eight or six

62、hours per workdayD.wished to work with the laboring men of today问题3选项A.Those duties were nothing for President Roosevelt.B.What the president did was to meet Congressmen and Senators.C.Many Congressmen and Senators liked to meet the President.D.The President thought his duties involved real and hard

63、 work.问题4选项A.The Congressmen fell humiliated.B.The President was easy to lose his temper.C.President Mckinley helped to change the embarrassing situations.D.President Roosevelt had a rather forceful speaking manner.问题5选项A.He asked the boy to leave immediatelyB.He accepted a typewriter as a gift from the boys motherC.He would rather stay alone with th