2022年考博英语-西北大学考前模拟强化练习题61（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西北大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题People with a great deal of （ ）often have admiring friends and bitter enemies.问题1选项A.qualityB.appearanceC.personalityD.characters【答案】C【解析】a great deal of后面接不可数名词，首先排除选项D；再根据句意可知，选项C更符合语境。句意：很有个性的人往往有仰慕他的朋友和充满仇恨的敌人。2. 单选题I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to

2、sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes, it is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner

3、 last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness. I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of m

4、y childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for ribbons, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said Beautiful. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if sh

5、e understood me (I dont speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to barg

6、ain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something

7、about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over theprice; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being

8、 too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time i

9、n months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace, I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course.I

10、 have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and

11、raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given

12、these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1.According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace（ ）.2.Which of the following in NOT correct?3.The writer assumed that the woman acce

13、pted the last offer mainly because woman （ ）.4.Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?5.When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but didnot because（ ）.问题1选项A.refused to speak to her.B.was pleasant and attractive.C.was selling skirts and ribbons.D.recognized her immedia

14、tely.问题2选项A.The writer was not used to bargaining.B.People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C.Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.问题3选项A.thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was glad tha

15、t the writer knew their way of bargaining.D.was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.问题4选项A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.问题5选项A.she had learned to s

16、tay cool and unfeeling.B.she was afraid of crying in public.C.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D.she had to show in public that she was strong.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第二段作者的描写可知，她是令人愉快且吸引人的。所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后三句话“.I began to bargain with her over the price. It is

17、the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.”可知选项 B、C、D均正确。只有选项A错误。3.细节事实题。根据第五段“She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made.”售货员很到高兴是因为作者知道如何用他们国家的方式进行讨价还价, 所以选项C符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第五段“The price

18、 was too low.pay her three times as much before.”可知，作者觉得价格太低，怕售货员挣不到钱，所以多买了几件作为一种补偿。选项C符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段“I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.”我学会了在困难面前保护自己；不知不觉中，我也学会了保护自己不被温柔以及

19、容易的东西伤害。可知，作者没有哭是因为她已经学会控制自己的情绪不会轻易受到影响，选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The population of Seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.问题1选项A.a companyB.a fluctuationC.an assortmentD.a matching【答案】C【解析】句意：西雅图的人口是由来自不同种族和文化背景的人组成的群体。conglomerate意为聚结，凝聚成团。a company 一家公司；a fluctuati

20、on 起伏，波动；an assortment 分类，混合物；a matching匹配，一致。选项C与之意思最为相近。4. 单选题Diamonds have little （ ）value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.问题1选项A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic【答案】D【解析】extinct灭绝的，绝种的；permanent永久的，不变的；surplus剩余的，过剩的；intrinsic本质的，固有的。 句意：钻石本身没有什么价值，它们的价格几乎完全取决于它们的

21、稀缺性。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题While there is little systematic work relating foreign language learning strategies to success, there are a number of observations which can be made about individuals who are good language learners.I have been able to isolate some of the individuals by observing students in classro

22、oms in California and Hawaii, by observing myself and talking to other good language learners, by eliciting observations from some second language teachers. As I have begun to observe classes, what fascinates me is how often the teacher plows ahead with the lesson seemingly with little awareness of

23、what is going on in each student, and often without directing the attention of the poorer students to how the successful student arrived at his answer. That is, many foreign language teachers are concerned with finding the best method or with getting the correct answer, yet the teachers fail to atte

24、nd to the learning process. If they attended to it more, they might be able to tailor their input to their students needs and might be able to provide their students with techniques that would enable them to learn on their own. Indeed, no course could ever teach all we need to know about a language,

25、 and the students must find the means to help themselves, when the teacher is not around.The task of observing these strategies is a complicated one because the strategies necessarily involve cognitive processes which neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to specify. However, when our atte

26、ntion is focused on observing these strategies, I think we may find it easier to isolate some of them. Just recently, I discovered that by using video tapes we hope to help learners and teachers see what is going on in the classroom. We hope to be able, as well, to abstract the learner strategies by

27、 interviewing the learner about his behavior during a particular classroom which showing them a tape of their own behavior.In spite of the fact that we are only beginning to isolate these strategies, I think that it is useful to list some of the ones found thus far. They remain general but give an i

28、dea of the kind of strategies I think we ought to be looking for.1.Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?2.The author formed some ideas about the features of good foreign language learning by getting information from （ ）.3.The author believes that the most important task of

29、 a good language teacher is（ ）.4. “They might be able to tailor their input to their students needs” means（ ）.5.Observing language learning strategies is very complicated because（ ）.问题1选项A.The Successful Language LearnerB.Relationship between Teaching and LearningC.Language Learning StrategiesD.Obse

30、rvations of Language Classes问题2选项A.language classroomsB.talks with studentsC.lectures on this topicD.foreign teachers问题3选项A.to teach students learning strategiesB.to use the textbook skillfully and flexiblyC.to look for a suitable teaching method for the classD.to help students develop their own lea

31、ning methods问题4选项A.they could provide techniques to find out the students needsB.they could adjust their teaching to the needs of individual studentsC.they could cut out redundant materials to meet their students needsD.they could revise the textbook to suit the needs of their students问题5选项A.either

32、the learner or the teacher will find it difficult to specify what exactly they areB.neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to describe them preciselyC.they are related to the processes of learning which even the teacher cannot state preciselyD.they involve the leaning process which neither

33、the learner nor the teacher may be able to isolate【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文有一个关键词“strategies”,所以本文主要讲的是语言学习策略。选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句“.by observing myself and talking to other good language learners.”通过观察自己和与其他优秀的语言学习者交谈选项B符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数二三句，许多外语老师关心的是找到最好的方法或得到正确的答案，然

34、而老师没有注意到学习的过程。如果更多地关注过程，他们可以调整教学方法来满足学生的需求，并且能够向学生提供使他们能够自学的方法。也就是说，帮助学生发展自己的学习方法，选项D符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据上一题可知，原文表达的意思是：他们可以调整教学方法来满足学生的需求。也就是说，他们可以根据个别学生的需要调整教学，选项B与原文表述一致，所以正确。5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“.because the strategies necessarily involve cognitive processes which neither the learner nor the teacher may

35、be able to specify.”观察这些策略的任务是一项复杂的任务，因为这些策略必然涉及认知过程，而学习者和教师都无法具体说明这些过程。either.or.指“不是就是”，neither.nor.指的是二者都不，所以选项B正确。6. 单选题The black clouds of gathering thunderstorm look quite （ ）.问题1选项A.ominousB.negligibleC.overcastD.obscure【答案】A【解析】ominous 预兆的，不吉利的；negligible 微不足道的，可忽略的；overcast 愁闷的，阴暗的；obscure

36、昏暗的， 晦涩的，不清楚的。句意：乌云密布的雷暴看起来很不吉利。选项A更符合语境。7. 单选题Any driver stopped by the police for some minor traffic （ ）can be asked to take a test for alcoholic drinking.问题1选项A.violationB.accidentC.congestionD.problem【答案】A【解析】violation 违反，妨碍，侵害；accident 意外，事故；congestion 拥挤，拥塞。句意：任何因轻微交通违章被警察拦下的司机都可以被要求做酒精测试。选项A符

37、合句意。8. 单选题The （ ）of these many events led many people to believe that they were interrelated.问题1选项A.concurrenceB.agreementC.occurrenceD.circumstance【答案】A【解析】concurrence同时发生， 赞同，合作；agreement 协议，同意，一致；occurrence 发生，出现；circumstance 环境，情况，境遇。句意：许多这些事件同时发生使很多人相信它们之间是相互关联的。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题He got after you t

38、o change your mind, didnt he?问题1选项A.wantedB.urgedC.persuadedD.forced【答案】B【解析】get after攻击，追击，催促。只有选项B有催促的意思，所以正确。10. 单选题In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is compacted into ice.问题1选项A.broken downB.embeddedC.compiledD.compressed【答案】D【解析】句意：在山区，大部分降雪被压成冰。compacted意为压实，压紧。broken down打破，

39、折断；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled编辑；compressed 压紧，压缩。选项D与之意思相近。11. 单选题（ ）as only a second-rate Impressionist painter, Pisarro has recently received high praise from art critics.问题1选项A.He was long regardedB.Long was he regardedC.Long regardedD.Being long regarded【答案】C【解析】考查分词做状语。再由这里事情的发生有先后顺序知使用一般 过去式的C项正确；

40、D项的被动式现在分词表原因，所以不正确。句意：长期以来，Pisarro一直被认为是二流印象派画家，最近他受到了艺术评论家的高度赞扬。12. 单选题Well, youre a tall man and you can carry a good deal of weight without looking awkward.问题1选项A.inconvenientB.funnyC.untidyD.clumsy【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，awkward意为笨拙的。inconvenient 不便的；funny 有趣的；untidy凌乱的，懒散的；clumsy 笨拙的。选项D与之意思相近。13. 单选题

41、Nowadays very few people are willing to be nurses, so I think its extremely important for us to improve the （ ）of the nursing profession.问题1选项A.inquiryB.statusC.financeD.dilemma【答案】B【解析】inquiry探究，调查，质询; status地位，状态， 情形，重要身份；finance 财政，金融；dilemma 困境，进退两难。句意：现在很少有人愿意做护士，所以我认为提高护理专业的身份地位对我们来说是非常重要的。选项B

42、更符合语境。14. 单选题I think that I committed a （ ）in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】blunder 大错，愚蠢的错误；revenge报复，复仇；reproach责备，耻辱；scandal丑闻，流言蜚语。句意：我认为我在问她的时候犯了一个大错，因为她似乎被我的问题弄得很心烦。选项A符合语境。15. 单选题High pressure cells may bring brief w

43、arm （ ）even in the middle of winter.问题1选项A.strugglesB.spellsC.spansD.sway【答案】C【解析】struggle 奋斗，努力；spell 符咒，魅力； span跨度，范围；sway 影响，摇摆，统治。句意：高压电池即使在隆冬也能带来短暂的温暖。选项C在这里表示时间段，符合语境。16. 单选题“Better late than never” is a （ ）that is very familiar to most English speakers.问题1选项A.plauditB.plenaryC.plentyD.platitu

44、de【答案】D【解析】plaudit 喝彩，赞美；plenary全体会议；plenty大量，充足；platitude 陈词滥调。句意：“迟做总比不做好”是大多数说英语的人都很熟悉的陈词滥调。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation. Decisions are formed by a decision m

45、aker, the one who actually chooses the final option, in conjunction with a decision unit, all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the process. In this theoretical model, the members of the decision unit react to an unidentified problem by studying the problem, det

46、ermining the objectives of the organization, formulating options, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each of the decision, including the nature of the problem itself, external forces exerting an influence on the organization, the internal dynamics of the decision unit, and the personality of

47、 the decision maker. Additionally, when a decision must be made in a crisis situation, both stress and the speed at which events are progressing can have an effect, often a negative one, on the decision process.During recent years, decision making has been studied systematically by drawing from such

48、 diverse areas of study as psychology, sociology, business, government, history, mathematics, and statistics. Analyses of decisions often emphasize one of three principal conceptual perspectives (though often the approach that is actually employed is somewhat eclectic).In the oldest of the three app

49、roaches, decisions are made by a rational actor, who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully, in response to a specific threat from the external environment. It is assumed that this rational actor has clear objectives in mind, develops numerous reasonable options, considers the advanta

50、ges and disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after careful analysis, and then proceeds to implement it fully. A variation of the rational actor model is decision maker who is satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rather than continuing the decision makin

51、g process until the optimal decision has been reached.1.It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that the theoretical decision making process （ ）.2.The phrase “in conjunction with” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by（ ）.3.All of the following are listed in paragraph 1 as having an

52、 effect on decisions EXCEPT（ ）.4.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that rational actor would be least likely to（ ）.5.The word “it” in line 5, Paragraph 3 refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.involves only the decision makerB.requires the contemplation of numerous optionsC.is made without the decision unitD.does no

53、t work in real-life situations问题2选项A.along withB.tied toC.apart fromD.connected to问题3选项A.evaluation of the problemB.focus on objectivesC.generation of optionsD.open-ended discussions问题4选项A.deal with a specific threatB.work in a random fashionC.ponder various optionsD.consider disadvantages of option

54、s问题5选项A.each optionB.careful analysisC.the best optionD.variation【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据首段第一句“In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation.”在决策的理论模型中，决策被定义为从一组执行选项中选择一个选项的过

55、程。也就是说，需要考虑多种选择，选项B符合原文。2.推理判断题。根据下文“all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the process.”组织中所有参与了这个过程的人都围绕着决策者。由此可推测，决策者和组织是紧密相连的，所以选项D更恰当。3.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句，决策单元的成员对一个身份不明的问题做出反应，需要通过研究问题，确定组织的目标，制定方案，评估每一个决策的优点和缺点，包括问题本身的性质，对组织施加影响的外部力量，决策单元的内部动态以及决策者的个性。选项A属于评

56、估每一个决策的优点和缺点；选项B属于确定组织的目标；选项D属于决策单元内部的动态；所以，只有选项C没有涉及。4.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句“decisions are made by a rational actor, who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully, in response to a specific threat from the external environment.”决策由理性的人做出，他针对来自外部环境的特定威胁，直接而有目的地做出特定的决策。由此可知，他们做事是带有目的性的，而不是随机应变的，

57、所以他们最不可能做的是选项B。5.推理判断题。根据原文句意可知，这里的“it”指的是上文提到的“the best option after careful analysis”经过仔细分析而选择出的最佳选项。选项C正确。18. 单选题1.Scientists have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects.2.In rural America, the year

58、 was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as is our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops.3.Humor has been well defined as: “Thinking in fun while feeling in e

59、arnest”.4.法律真正的意义，是要把一个自由而有理性的人导向正当的意义上去，而不是对此加以限制的。5.然而，研究人员在报告中提醒说，相对于患更严重的疾病的危险来说，这些益处简直微不足道。问题1选项A.科学家们已经研制出了一种减肥药，它能有效地抑制食欲，导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。B.科学家们已经开发出了一种减肥药，它能成功地控制食欲，使体重显著下降，同时有明显的不良反应。C.科学家们已经研制出了一种减食疗法的药，它能有效地抑制食欲，导致体重显著 下降而无任何明显的不良反应。问题2选项A.在美国农村，时间是根据生长季节来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的

60、校历安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家只是去挤牛奶或是几个月不上学去地里种庄稼。B.在美国农村，一年是根据农时来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的时间安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。C.在美国农村，上学时间是根据农时来决定的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是让孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。问题3选项A.幽默被人很好地解释为：“带着认真的情绪滑稽地思考”。B.幽默被人很恰当地解释为：“认真地感觉,不认真地思考”。C.幽默被人很巧妙地诠释为：“一面认真地感觉一面滑稽地思考”。问题4选项

61、A.The real meaning of law is not the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interestB.The true notion of law is not so much limited to the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interestC.Law, in its true motion, is not so much the limitation as the di

62、rection of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest问题5选项A.Researchers in the study, however, cautioned that such benefits dont outweigh the risk of more serious ailmentsB.However, researchers reminded in the report that such benefits are nothing compared with the risk of more serious ailmentsC.However, researchers cautioned in their re