2022年考博英语-东北大学考前模拟强化练习题89（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The coast（ ）slowly as our ship sailed out to sea.问题1选项A.recededB.concededC.proceededD.exceeded【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项recede“后退；减弱”；B选项concede“承认；退让；给予”；C选项proceed“开始；继续进行；发生；行进”；D选项exceed“超过；胜过”。句意：这个海岸随着我们的船驶向大海而慢慢地后退。结合此处语义，A选项正确。2. 单选题Because the demand of coal d

2、ecreased, many miners became （ ）.问题1选项A.indignantB.extraneousC.immaterialD.redundant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indignant“愤愤不平的”；B选项extraneous“外来的；没有关联的”；C选项immaterial“非物质的；无形的；不重要的；非实质的”；D选项redundant“多余的，过剩的；被解雇的，失业的；冗长的”。句意：因为煤炭的需求下降，所以很多煤矿工人变得失业。结合句意，判断出选项D正确。3. 单选题Recent findings indicate that birds can

3、 also use the magnetic field of the earth as an aid to （ ）.问题1选项A.criterionB.orientationC.standardD.guideline【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项criterion“标准；规范；准则”；B选项orientation“定位；适应；向东方”；C选项standard“标准；度量衡标准”；D选项guideline“指导方针”。句意：最近的调查结果表明，鸟类也能使用地球磁场作为定位的辅助手段。结合句意，B选项正确。4. 单选题Many people are（ ）to insect bites

4、, and some even have to go to hospital.问题1选项A.insensitiveB.allergicC.infectiousD.alert【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项insensitive“感觉迟钝的”；B选项allergic“对过敏的”；C选项infectious“传染的；传染性的”；D选项alert“警惕的；留心的”。句意：很多人对虫子叮咬过敏，且有些人甚至不得不去医院。结合此处句意，B选项正确。5. 单选题The woman tripped over the uneven pavement and（ ）her elbow.问题1选项A.d

5、istortedB.dislodgedC.disabledD.dislocated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；B选项dislodge“逐出，驱逐；用力移动”；C选项disable“使失去能力；使残废；使无资格”；D选项dislocate“使脱臼；使混乱”。句意：这位妇女绊倒在这个不平坦的人行道上，结果使自己的肘部脱臼。结合此处句意，判断出D选项正确。6. 单选题The Nutty Professor was written off as （ ）, but in actuality, he was a smart man!问题1选项A.compli

6、cityB.effigyC.inaneD.diatribe【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项complicity“共谋；串通；共犯关系”；B选项effigy“雕像；肖像”；C选项inane“空洞的；愚蠢的”；D选项diatribe“诽谤；恶骂”。句意：肥佬教授被描写成愚蠢的，但是在现实中他却是一个聪明的人。结合句意可知C选项正确。7. 单选题After a big Thanksgiving, most people feel（ ）from the tryptophan in the turkey.问题1选项A.slipshodB.languidC.diminutiveD.extempora

7、neous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项slipshod“潦草的；穿着不整洁的”；B选项languid“倦怠的；呆滞的；软弱无力的”；C选项diminutive“小的，小型的，微小的”；D选项extemporaneous“即席的，临时的；不用讲稿的”。句意：在一个丰盛的感恩节后，大多数人因火鸡中的色氨酸而感觉软弱无力。结合句意，故B选项正确。8. 单选题In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. Were pushing our kids to get good grades, take SA

8、T preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. Ive twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge

9、that our obsession is more about us than them. So weve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough prizes to go ar

10、ound. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better educating and develop better contacts. All that is plausible and mo

11、stly wrong. We havent found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools dont systematically employ better instructional approaches than less-selective schools. On two measures professors feedback and the number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse.By

12、 some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2-4% for every 100-point increase in a schools average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective school

13、s and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools. Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But its not the only indicator and, paradoxically, its significance is declining. The reason: so many sim

14、ilar people go elsewhere. Getting into college isnt lifes only competition. In the next competition the job market and graduate school the results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE hel

15、ped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didnt.So, parents, lighten up. The stakes have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very

16、ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less d

17、isappoints.1.Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars?2.Why do parents urge their children to apply to more school than ever?3.What does the author mean by “Kids count more than their colleges” (Line 5，Para. 3)?4.What can you infer from the passage?5.

18、One possible result of pushing children into elite universities is that （ ）.问题1选项A.They have the final say in which university their children are to attendB.They know best which universities are most suitable for their childrenC.They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children ma

19、ke an applicationD.They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves问题2选项A.They want to increase their childrens chances of entering a prestigious collegeB.They hope their children can enter a university that offers attractive scholarshipsC.Their children will have

20、 a wider choice of which college to go toD.Elite universities now enroll fewer students than they used to问题3选项A.Continuing education is more important to a persons successB.A persons happiness should be valued more than his educationC.Kids actual abilities are more important than their college backg

21、roundD.What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements问题4选项A.Getting into Ph.D . programs may be less competitive than getting into collegeB.Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programsC.Graduates from prestigious universities do not care muc

22、h about their GRED.Connections built in prestigious universities may be sustained long after graduation问题5选项A.they earn less than their peers from other institutionsB.they turn out to be less competitive in the job marketC.they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduationD.they overemphasize

23、 their qualifications in job application【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them.”，中文翻译为：但我们却不承认我们的痴迷（对上首选大学）更多是关于我们自己而非他们（指自己的小孩）。可以得知D选项“相比小孩自己，他们更关心自己的小孩去哪所大学上学”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“We see our k

24、ids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them.”，中文翻译为：我们将自己小孩的大学背景当成展示我们怎样很好地养育他们的一种奖赏。以及原文第二段“We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough prize to go around.”，中文翻译为：我们有完全成熟的名誉恐慌，我们担心没有充足的奖赏。可知A选项“他们想增加自己小孩进入著名大学的机会”为正确答案。3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到

25、文章第三段“Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didnt.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家Alan Krueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的学位却没有。可以得知C选项“小孩的实际能力比他们的大学背景更重要”符合题意。4.【

26、试题解析】推理判断题。由B项“著名大学的学位不保证学生进入研究生项目”可以定位到文章第三段中“Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didnt.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家Alan Krueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的

27、学位却没有。故选B。5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段“One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction.”，中文翻译为：一个研究发现，在其他事情一样的情况下，精英学校的毕业生经历更多的工作不如意。判断出答案为C项“他们在毕业后经历更多的工作不如意”。9. 单选题Ones attitude towards job hunting would be（ ）to his prospec

28、ts.问题1选项A.criticalB.criticC.crucialD.criticized【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项critical“批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的”；B选项critic“批评家，评论家；爱挑剔的人”；C选项crucial“重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的”；D选项criticize“批评；评论；非难”。句意：一个人对找工作的态度对他的发展前景是重要的。故C正确。10. 单选题Though seriously damaged by a fire, the ancient mansion was eventually（ ）to its original

29、splendor.问题1选项A.repairedB.renewedC.restoredD.renovated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项repair“修理；补救，纠正”；B选项renew“使更新；续借；续费”；C选项restore“恢复；修复；归还”；D选项renovate“更新；革新；刷新”。句意：尽管被一场火灾严重损坏，但这个古老的宅第最后被恢复到了它原来的壮丽。结合此处语境，C选项正确。11. 单选题UK and China has something similar in their compulsory education system. Firstly, both i

30、n UK and China, “most children receive free educational finance from public funds, but small portions attend schools wholly independent of public financial support. Secondly, both of the two countries have laws to ensure compulsory education. Thirdly, the two countries have the same curriculums. For

31、 example, according to Zhu Yongtao and Wang Lili, foreign languages are taught as an integral part of the curriculum, reflecting the importance of Britishs relationship with Europe and Chinas relationship with English speaking countries. Fourthly, students in China and UK both spend 6 years finishin

32、g primary education. Fifthly, there are some important exams for students in compulsory education systems in China and UK. In UK, there are two main examinations. The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is usually taken by 16-year-old children. The General Certificate of Education at A

33、dvanced Level (GCEA level), is normally taken at the end of the second year by 19-year-old students. In China, except for an exam for the sixth grade graduates in primary school, there is a high school entrance examination for Junior 3 students.There are lots of differences between China and UK in c

34、ompulsory education. It can be divided into five parts.Firstly, the aim of education in the UK and China is not quite similar with each other. According to Sui Mingcai, British education aims to “develop individual abilities to the full and to shape those abilities for the benefit of society as a wh

35、ole”. And in China, “its to let everyone accept education, have knowledge and skills to make life.”Secondly, the year of compulsory education is different between the two countries. In UK, the age to begin school is 5 (4 in Northern Ireland), and the compulsory education ends at 16, whereas in China

36、 the compulsory education starts from 6 and ends at 14, which is a nine-year compulsory education.Thirdly, the schedule of compulsory education in the two countries is different. According to Wikipedia and Sui Mingcai, British compulsory education can be divided into two stages: primary schools and

37、secondary schools. The state schooling was free and compulsory up to the legal school-leaving age. While in China, compulsory education consists of primary schools and middle schools.The school year in UK is divided into three terms (autumn, spring and summer), while two parts (spring, autumn) in Ch

38、ina. British school day in most states and independent schools (except for infant and junior school) usually starts at 8:45 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. In China, every school day is made up of two periods which are 7:30 a.m. to 12:00 a.m., 2:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. Students can go home for lunch. It sho

39、ws that Chinese students usually spend more time at school.In addition, in Britain, a school-age child can receive compulsory education at home or at a tutors place or some other forms, while in China, compulsory education means school education.1. This passage is mainly concerned with （ ）.2.In what

40、 way does UK educate its people?3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.a comparison study on free education system between China and UKB.a comparison study on compulsory education system bet

41、ween China and UKC.a comparison study on financial system between China and UKD.a comparison study on culture between China and UK问题2选项A.UK intends to educate its people the abilities to serve the country wholly.B.UK intends to educate its people the individual abilities fully.C.UK intends to educat

42、e its people the abilities only for the benefit of the society.D.UK intends to educate its people the individual abilities as well as the abilities for the benefit of the society.问题3选项A.Children in Northern Ireland start the compulsory education at an earlier age.B.Students in UK spend 16 years for

43、the compulsory education.C.The length of the years for the compulsory education in China is 14 years.D.The length of the years for the compulsory education both in UK and China is the same.问题4选项A.Terms of the school year in UK do not include winter.B.Students in China and UK both spend 6 years finis

44、hing primary education.C.Students in UK take two main examinations normally when they are 15 and 19 years old in the compulsory education.D.Students in China spend more time in schools compared with students in UK.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中国和英国教育的异同之处。因此B选项“关于中国和英国的义务教育体系的对比研

45、究”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中“According to Sui Mingcai, British education aims to develop individual abilities to the full and to shape those abilities for the benefit of society as a whole”，中文翻译为：按照 Sui Mingcai的说法，整体来看，英国教育的目标是充分发展个人能力和塑造这些能力以造福社会。可以得知D选项“英国旨在培养人民的个人能力以及造福社会的能力”符合题意。3.【试题解析】推

46、理判断题。由选项中关键词定位到文章“In UK, the age to begin school is 5 (4 in Northern Ireland), and the compulsory education ends at 16, whereas in China the compulsory education starts from 6 and ends at 14, which is a nine-year compulsory education.”，中文翻译为：在英国，5岁开始上学（在北爱尔兰是4岁），16岁义务教育结束；而在中国义务教育开始于6结束于14岁，实行的是九年制义

47、务教育。可以得知A选项“北爱尔兰的孩子在更早的年龄开始义务教育”符合题意。4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章中“The school year in UK is divided into three terms (autumn, spring and summer), while two parts (spring, autumn) in China.”，中文翻译为：英国的学年分为三期（秋、春、夏）；而中国是两个学期（春和秋），可知A选项“英国的学年不包括冬天”正确；由B选项可以定位到文章中“Fourthly, students in China and UK both spe

48、nd 6 years finishing primary education.”，中文翻译为：第四，中国和英国的学生都要6年完成初等教育。可知B选项“中国和英国的学生都花6年时间完成基础教育”正确；由C选项可以定位到文章中“In UK, there are two main examinations. The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is usually taken by 16-year-old children. The General Certificate of Education at Advanced Lev

49、el (GCEA level), is normally taken at the end of the second year by 19-year-old students.”，中文翻译为：英国有两次重要的考试。普通中等教育证（GCSE）考试通常是16岁的孩子参加。普通高级教育证书（GCEA）考试通常是在第二年年底由19岁的学生参加。可知C选项“英国的学生在义务教育阶段，一般是在15岁和19岁的时候参加两次主要的考试”错误；根据原文“In addition, in Britain, a school-age child can receive compulsory education at

50、 home or at a tutors place or some other forms, while in China, compulsory education means school education.”，中文翻译为：此外，在英国，学龄儿童可以在家里或导师那里或以其他形式接受义务教育，而在中国，义务教育意味着学校教育。可以得知D选项“与英国学生相比，中国学生在学校的时间更长”是正确的。故C选项符合题意。12. 单选题The local government reduced the tax on petrol as a（ ）to the public outcry.问题1选项A.c

51、onceptionB.consensusC.contemptD.concession【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项conception“怀孕；概念；设想”；B选项consensus“一致；舆论；合意”；C选项contempt“轻视，蔑视；耻辱”；D选项concession“让步；承认；退位”。句意：当地政府减少汽油税来当作对公众强烈抗议的让步。根据句意可知D选项正确。13. 单选题There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons, but my favorite time is the（ ） from fall to winter.问

52、题1选项A.transmissionB.transformationC.transitionD.transfer【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项transmission“传动装置；传送；播送”；B选项transformation“转化；转换；改革；变形”；C选项transition“过渡；转变”；D选项transfer“转让；转移；传递；过户”。句意：虽然我对于变化的季节有很多喜欢的地方，但是我最喜欢的时间是从秋天到冬天的过渡。由句意可知C选项正确。14. 单选题According to the newspaper critic, the performances at the ta

53、lent contest last night （ ） from acceptable to excellent.问题1选项A.variedB.recededC.averagedD.declined【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项vary“变化；变异”；B选项recede“后退；减弱”；C选项average“平均为”；D选项decline“下降；衰落；谢绝”。句意：这份报纸的评论家称，昨晚才艺大赛上的表演在从可接受的到极好的范围变化着。结合句意，A选项正确。15. 单选题The schoolmaster（ ）the girls bravery in his opening speec

54、h.问题1选项A.applaudedB.enhancedC.elevatedD.clapped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项applaud“赞同；称赞”；B选项enhance“提高；加强；增加”；C选项elevate“提高；举起；抬高”；D选项clap“拍手；鼓掌；轻轻拍打某人”。句意：校长在开幕致辞上称赞了这个女孩的勇敢行为。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much（ ）to those who are aggressive and compete

55、 well.问题1选项A.regimeB.prestigeC.superiorityD.legislature【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regime“政权；政体；社会制度；管理体制”；B选项prestige“威望；声望；声誉”；C选项superiority“优越；优势”；D选项legislature“立法机关；立法机构”。句意：在一个给予那些有进取心且相当有竞争力的人很多声誉的社会里，大卫倾向于认为自己无用且不被该社会所需要。根据句意可知B选项正确。17. 单选题The costs associated with natural disasters are increasing

56、 rapidly. As a result, officials in government and industry have focused more attention on disasters and their effects. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy has estimated that disasters cost the country about $1 billion per week. Hurricane Andrew, the Midwest flood of 1993, and th

57、e Hanshin earthquake have shown that individual disasters can cost tens if not hundreds of billions of dollars. This increasing cost has resulted in greater funding from government and industry for the development of technologies related to disaster prediction, and has led to more research into the

58、effective use of predictive information.The insurance industry has long been aware of the dangers of natural disasters; the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco, California, bankrupted scores of insurance companies. But the industry has focused particular attention on disaster prediction in recent years

59、, as spiraling costs revealed that many companies had underestimated their financial exposure. For instance, prior to Hurricane Andrew in 1992, many insurance experts thought that the worst hurricane possible would do no more than $8 billion in damages to the industry. The damages caused by Hurrican

60、e Andrew, estimated at about $17 billion, shattered these beliefs. Today, estimates of worst-case disaster scenarios approach $100 billion.The insurance industry has therefore increased its support for research into disaster prediction. One such effort involves a number of companies that have joined

61、 together to support the Bermuda-based Risk Prediction Initiative, which funds disaster research. The expectation is that the resulting information will place the industry on a more solid foundation to make decisions about the risk of future disasters. The industry has also lobbied for the governmen

62、t to bear some of the financial burden of disaster insurance. Such a program already exists for flood insurance, set up in the late 1960s by the federal government to insure flood-prone areas. These types of programs, effectively implemented, could be increasingly necessary in the future to make ins

63、urance available in areas prone to disasters.Because the stakes are so high, the science of disaster prediction has a bright future. The various projects and programs illustrate that disaster prediction is a topic of concern to scientists and policy makers alike. Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes all show that the effective use of disaster predictions not only requires advanced