2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题68（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherished spoiling habits are under way. Whether its one of Londons parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Super bowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectato

2、r event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our spoiling culture.That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental af

3、fair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corpora

4、tions that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that. This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, blit

5、 made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well.The skillful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sak

6、e, but to increase the number of people interested in the major moneymaking events. The economics of the Super bowl are already astronomical. Willi scats at US $125, gate receipts along were a staggering $10,000,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100,000,000 in TV advert

7、ising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minutc halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is un

8、ashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relics for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see that th

9、ey play at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a “World Title” fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!1.Globalization of s

10、porting culture means that（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes?3.As is used in the passage, globalization comes closest in meaning to（ ）.4.What is the authors attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters?5.Why should the title fig

11、hts in boxing be held in different countries of the world?问题1选项A.more people are taking up sports.B.traditional spoils are getting popular.C.many local sports are becoming international.D.foreigners are more interested in local sports.问题2选项A.Good economic returns.B.Revival of traditional games.C.Com

12、munications technologyD.Marketing strategies.问题3选项A.commercializationB.“westernization”C.“speculation”D.“standardization”问题4选项A.Favorable.B.Unclear.C.Reserved.D.Critical.问题5选项A.Because they are very exciting.B.Because people do not want to pay to see them.C.Because people want to see the most exciti

13、ng games.D.Because they are less exciting【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“运动文化全球化的含义是”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们正在目睹一场体育文化的全球化过程”（We are witnessing a globalization of our spoiling culture）。接下来举了自行车竞赛（bicycle race）的例子，提到自行车竞赛开始是在法国、比利时、荷兰、西班牙和意大利受欢迎，最近几年又受到了哥伦比亚的登山者，美国和爱尔兰的骑手的青睐，由此可以看出这项本来只在当地流行的运

14、动走向了国际，选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项与巨大的变化（全球化）无关”。文章第二段提到标致、米其林和松下这些跨国企业，他们在团队上投入了数百万美元，期望获得全球回报，所以选项A与全球化有关，排除；该段还提到我们正在见证一场以经济为基础、一场由通信技术促成的革命（This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology），由此选项C“通信技术”可以排除；该段最后一句话提到“推销比赛，你同时也在

15、推销可口可乐或者百威啤酒”（Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well）。综上，选项B符合题意。3.词义题。题目问的是“文章中的全球化与哪个词意思最接近”。文章第二段提到各大跨国公司投资体育赛事都是为了获得全球的经济回报（Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams），以及提到卖体育赛事也同时在做各种产品

16、的推广；文章第三段提到美国橄榄球推广到欧洲并不是想推广这项运动，而是为了增加对观众人数，增加商人们的利益（The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major moneymaking events. The economics of the Super bowl are already astronomical），由此可以看出，“全球化”相当于“商业化”，选项A符合题意4.观点态度题。题目

17、问的是“作者对将足球比赛的时间改成4个25分钟的建议持什么态度”。文章倒数第二段提到“这种想法是无耻的，目的是为了获得更多的广告收入，而不考虑这项运动的完整性”（The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relics for its essence on the flowing nature of the action），由此可以看出作者对这个想法是持批评态度的，选项D符合题意。5.推理判断题

18、。题目问的是“为什么拳击比赛要在全世界各国举行”。文章最后一段举了拳击的例子是为了说明“随着体育运动项目进入世界市场，我们作为消费者的需求也在不断变化，我们需要观看高水平的比赛”（Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see that they play at a higher and higher level），因此选项C符合题意。2. 单选题If you want to teach you

19、r children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “Im sorry I got angry with you, but.what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise wa

20、s giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured felling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault

21、 for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying

22、 “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apolog

23、ies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy r

24、equires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1.If a

25、mother adds “but” to an apology（ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” mostly probably means（ ）.3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the pa

26、ssage that apologizing properly is （ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre up

27、set, but Im not to blameC.1 apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.it gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the complexities involved should be ig

28、noredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue calling for immediate attention.B.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it seem【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【

29、解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一个母亲在道歉后加一个但是”。文章第二段提到“但是后面的内容可以让该道歉变得无效”（what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective），选项D“小孩可能会觉得自己还欠母亲一个道歉”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，很抱歉让你烦恼了意味着”。文章第三段提到“这表明你在某种程度上是错误的，让你自己因为他人的所作所为感到烦恼”（this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upse

30、t by what the other person has done），选项B“我意识到你心烦了，但这不是我的错”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“不建议使用笼统的、涵盖一切的道歉是因为”。文章第四段对“笼统道歉”的解释是避免需要去提及特别令人受伤或者受辱的具体行为，道歉的人应该承诺不会再犯（which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should pr

31、omise never to do again），这种道歉并不会起作用，比如“我是一个无用的家长”，并不会让一个人去具体改进，因此这种含糊其辞的道歉是不可取的，选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从最后一段教小孩子道歉可知”。文章最后一段提到“但是即使孩子看到了真诚悔过的例子，他们仍然需要帮助去认识到道歉的复杂性”（But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry

32、），随后举了不同年龄阶段的孩子应该怎样教授道歉，由此可以推断在教小孩子道歉时，年龄是需要考虑的因素，选项B符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，适当的道歉”。文章提到了道歉需要技巧；道歉并没有那么简单，在教授孩子道歉时要考虑其年龄等，说明道歉并没有看上去那么容易，选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Everybody gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until finally sonic attack on the body brings our existence to an end.

33、Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that h

34、ealth is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame.Because ill health is universal problem, affecting both the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for ma

35、intaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, groups,

36、 statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution. To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with

37、sickness arc very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer. The latter is typically also the priest, who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about

38、 a cure. In modem industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, and hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies,

39、and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.1.Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph I?2.The word “authorize” in Paragraph 2 m

40、eans “（ ）.3.In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as（ ）.4.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?5.The author of this passage is mainly concerned with（ ）.问题1选项A.Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health.B.Human life involves a great

41、deal of pain and suffering.C.Most of us are aware of the full value of health.D.Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.问题2选项A.make way forB.give power toC.write an order forD.make it possible for问题3选项A.a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people heal

42、thyB.a universal problem that affects every societyC.a social responsibility to treat ill healthD.a science that focuses on the treatment of disease问题4选项A.In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill.B.in pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing.C.Mode

43、m medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it.D.There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him.问题5选项A.sociological aspects in medicineB.medical treatment of diseasesC.the development of medical scienceD.the role of r

44、eligion in medicine【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第一段，下列哪个描述是正确的”。文章第一段提到“疾病和受伤让我们痛苦一生，直到对身体的一些攻击能让我们死去”（Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until finally sonic attack on the body brings our existence to an end），选项B“人生有许多痛苦和磨难”符合题意。2.词义题。题目问的是“第二段中的authorize的意思是”

45、。文章第二段提到某些人去决定谁生了病，以及决定这些病人被怎样处理（authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated），选项B“给以权力”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第二段中，我们可以得知社会学家将药品作为”。文章第二段的最后一句“对于社会学家来说，医学是关于维持健康和治疗疾病的一种制度”（To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of hea

46、lth and treatment of disease），选项A“一种以治疗疾病和维持人体健康为目的的体系”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第三段，下列不正确的是”。文章第三段提到“正因为医学现在是最普遍的、花费多的现代社会机构之一，所以它已经成为社会学家最感兴趣的主题”（Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of m

47、odern society），所以选项C“现代医学如此复杂，以至于社会学在其中不再有任何位置”与描述不符合，所以是答案。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章作者关心的是”。文章第三段提到“正因为医学现在是最普遍的、花费多的现代社会机构之一，所以它已经成为社会学家最感兴趣的主题”（Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of mode

48、rn society），选项A“医学的社会学方面”符合题意。4. 单选题The first thing people remember about failing at math is that it felt like sudden death. Whether the incident occurred while learning “word problems” in six grade, or coping with equations in high school, or first confronting calculus and statistics in college, fa

49、ilure came suddenly and in a very frightening way! If assume that the curriculum was reasonable, and that the new idea was but next in a series of learnable concepts, the feeling of utter defeat was simply not rational; yet “math anxious” college students and adults have revealed that no matter how

50、much the teacher reassured them, they could not overcome that feeling.A common myth about the nature of mathematical ability holds that one either has or does not have a mathematical mind. Mathematical imagination and an intuitive grasp of mathematical principles may well be needed to do advanced re

51、search, but why should people who can do college-level work in other subjects not be able to do college-level math as well? Rates of learning may vary. Competency under time pressure may differ. Certainly low self-esteem will get in the way. But where is the evidence that a student needs a “mathemat

52、ical mind” in order to succeed at learning math?Consider the effects of this mythology. Since only a few people are supposed to have this mathematical mind, part of what makes us so passive in the face of our difficulties in learning mathematics is that we suspect all the while we may not be one of

53、“them”, and we spend our time waiting to find out when our non-mathematical minds will be exposed. Since our limit will eventually be reached, we see no point in being methodical of in attending to detail. We are grateful when we survive fractions-word problems or geometry. If that certain moment of

54、 failure hasnt struck yet, it is only temporarily postponed.Parents, especially parents of girls, often expect their children to be non-mathematical. Parents are either poor at math or they failed themselves. In either case, they unwillingly foster the idea that a mathematical mind is something one

55、either has or does not have.1.According to the passage, who are likely to experience math anxiety?2.How would “math anxious” students probably react to their failure at math?3.Which of the following statements is true about “math anxious” students?4.The author believes that（ ）.5.The passage could be

56、st be entitled by（ ）.问题1选项A.Primary school students.B.High school students.C.College students.D.All of the above.问题2选项A.Slow down their lessons.B.Ask more questions than necessary.C.Go to the teacher for reassuranceD.Panic and accept the defeat.问题3选项A.They realize that the feeling of utter defeat is

57、 irrational.B.They assume that the curriculum is not reasonable.C.They feel the new ideas are too difficult for them to learn.D.They regard the new ideas as only something to be encountered next in a series of learnable concepts.问题4选项A.a person either has or does not have a mathematical mindB.a stud

58、ent needs a mathematical mind to succeed at learning college level mathC.people doing advanced research in math usually have what is called a “mathematical mind”D.parents who are poor at math themselves are more likely to expect their children to be non-mathematical问题5选项A.Math AnxietyB.Overcoming Ma

59、th AnxietyC.Failing the Math ExamD.Math Anxious Students【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容，有可能遭受焦虑的人是”。文章第一段提到“不论这样的情况出现在六年级，或者在应对数学方程式的中，或者第一次面对微积分与统计学的大学”（Whether the incident occurred while learning “word problems” in six grade, or coping with equations in high school, or first

60、 confronting calculus and statistics in college, failure came suddenly and in a very frightening way!），由此可知，各个学习阶段都会碰上数学难题，选项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“遭遇数学焦虑的学生对自己数学不及格的可能反应是”。文章第一段提到“彻底失败的感觉是不理智的；然后数学焦虑的大学生和成年人发现，无论老师怎么安慰他们，他们都无法克服这种感觉”（the feeling of utter defeat was simply not rational; yet “math anxio

61、us” college students and adults have revealed that no matter how much the teacher reassured them, they could not overcome that feeling），选项D“恐慌并接受失败”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“关于数学焦虑的学生，一下说法正确的是”。文章第二段提到“但是为什么那些能做其他学科的大学水平作业的人却不能做大学水平的数学题呢？”（but why should people who can do college-level work in other subjec

62、ts not be able to do college-level math as well?），选项C“他们感觉自己很难学习新内容”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为”。文章最后一段提到“他们不愿意树立这样一个观念，即有的人有数学头脑，有的人没有”（they unwillingly foster the idea that a mathematical mind is something one either has or does not have），因此选项A符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“本文最恰当的标题是”。全文讲的都是跟数学焦虑（math anxiety）相关的

63、内容，因此选项A符合题意。5. 单选题During the 1992 presidential campaign a new media star emerged-Virginia Kelley, the mother of candidate Clinton, who died of breast cancer this past January. It was she who created the Clinton lore; throughout the campaign she told how 14-year-old Bill had stood up to his drunken, abusive stepfather one night to protect Virginia and his little brother. She also told with great effective how young Clinton had come back home with stars in his eyes after meeting JFK at Boys Nation in Washington. She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service. She also created h