2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题90（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English科学实验的重要性现代科学的兴起也许要追溯到罗杰培根的时代。罗杰培根是牛津杰出的僧侣和哲学家。他出生于1214年，死于1292年。他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过对周围事物进行观察和实验来学习科学的人，他自己也有许多卓越的发现。然而，生活在三百多年之后的伽利略（1564-1642），却是好几个伟大人物中最伟大的一个，这些人在意大利、法国、德国和英国开始逐步使人们看到许多重要的真理是可以通过掌握得当的观察去发现的。在伽利略之前，学者

2、们相信大的物体掉到地面比小的物体要快，因为亚里士多德是这样说的。可是伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端，让两个体积不相等的铁球同时落地，从而向一些他带去观看实验的朋友们证明，亚里士多德错了。正是伽利略的这种直接到大自然中去通过实验来证明我们的判断和理论的精神，导致了现代科学的伟大发现。【答案】The Importance of Scientific ExperimentsThe rise of modern science may perhaps date back to the time of Roger Bacon, the outstanding monk and philosopher of O

3、xford, who was born on 1241, and died on 1292. He was probably the man who firstly proposed that we must study science by observing and experimenting on the surrounding things, and made many remarkable discoveries himself. However, Galileo, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of se

4、veral great men. They showed people how many important truths could be discovered by well-directed observation in Italy, France, Germany, or England. Before the time of Galileo, scholars believed that large objects fall to the ground faster than small ones, because Aristotle said so. Going to the to

5、p of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Galileo let fall two unequal iron balls at the same time, and proved to those whom he had brought there to see his experiment that Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileos spirit of going direct to Nature, and proving our opinions and theories through experiments, that le

6、d to the great discoveries of modern society.2. 单选题It is hard to think of a field in which it is not important to（ ）what is likely to happen and act accordingly.问题1选项A.look outB.figure outC.turn outD.point out【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。look out “注意；当心”；figure out “解决；算出”；turn out “（以某种方式）发生；结果是”；point out “指出；

7、指明”。句意：很难想象在某一个领域知道接下来可能发生什么并且采取了相应的行动这种做法不重要。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Scientific integrity is as much a matter of self-interest as it is of（ ）.问题1选项A.self-esteemB.self-deceivingC.selfishnessD.self-improvement【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。self-esteem “自尊；自负；自大”；self-deceiving “自欺的”；selfishness “自私自利”；self-improvement “自我改

8、善；自我修养”。句意：科学诚信有关尊严，更是与自身利益有关的事情。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题You should have your eyes examined（ ）to be sure of your eyesight.问题1选项A.periodicallyB.persistentlyC.continuouslyD.continually【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。periodically “定期地；周期性地；偶尔”；persistently “坚持地；固执地”；continuously “连续不断地”；continually “不断地；频繁地”。句意：为了确保你的视力，你应该定期

9、检查眼睛。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived; the cellophane wrapper has to be tom off，the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own

10、piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper.A machine has been developed that pulps paper then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons.

11、 This could be easily adapted for local authority use. It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each. Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled; and now, with massive increases in paper prices

12、, the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable.Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are returned to the dairies, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More and more dair

13、ies are experimenting with plastic bottles, and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary were made of plastic, then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days!The trouble with plastic is that it does not

14、 rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs.1.“This insane amount

15、 of wrapping is not confined to luxuries” (line 4) means（ ）.2.The “local authorities” are（ ）.3.If paper is to be recycled（ ）.4.British dairies are（ ）.5.The environmentalists think that（ ）.问题1选项A.not enough wrapping is used for luxuriesB.more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary productsC.

16、it is not only for luxury products that too much wrapping is usedD.the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary问题2选项A.the Town CouncilB.the policeC.the paper manufacturersD.the most influential citizens问题3选项A.more forests will have to be plantedB.the use of paper bags will have to be restric

17、tedC.people will have to use different dustbins for their rubbishD.the local authorities will have to reduce the price of paper问题4选项A.producing enough plastic tubing in less than a weekB.giving up the use of glass bottlesC.increasing the production of plastic bottlesD.re-using their old glass bottle

18、s问题5选项A.more plastic packaging should be usedB.plastic is the most convenient form of packagingC.too much plastic is wastedD.shops should stop using plastic containers【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段最后两句话提到“但是这种疯狂的大量包装并不仅仅限于奢侈品。现在很难买到没有被玻璃纸、聚乙烯或者纸包装的东西了”（But this insane amount of wra

19、pping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper），因此选项C“不仅奢侈品被包装，普通商品也一样”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段第三句话提到“这种机器很容易为local authority 所用。它意味着人们需要将垃圾分为纸质或非纸质垃圾”（It would mean that people would have to separate th

20、eir refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each），这个authority管理居民分垃圾的事情，说明是相关政府机构，选项A符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到“有一个机器能够把纸熔化成纸浆再加工成外包装纸，比如装鸡蛋的箱子，和纸板盒”（A machine has been developed that pulps paper then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons）；第三句话提到“它意味着人们需要将垃圾分为

21、纸质或非纸质垃圾”（It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each），选项C“人们将用不同的垃圾桶来装垃圾”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。文章第三段提到“越来越多的乳制品正在尝试塑料瓶，如果所有牛奶瓶相关材料都使用塑料制品，可以预计英国乳制品五六天生产的塑料管就可以围绕地球转一圈”（More and more dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles

22、, and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary were made of plastic, then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days），选项A“在不到一周的时间里生产足够的塑料管”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一段提到“一些环保人士认为解决这个问题的唯一办法是制止商店使用塑料”（Some envi

23、ronmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops），因此选项D符合题意。6. 单选题When the opposing player fouled John, John let his anger（ ）his good sense and hit the boy back.问题1选项A.got the feel ofB.got the ha

24、ng ofC.got the better ofD.got the worst of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。get the feel of “开始熟谙；习惯于”；get the hang of “得知的窍门”；get the better of “打败；战胜”；get the worst of “失利；遭到失败”。句意：当对方球员对约翰犯规时，约翰让自己的愤怒战胜了自己的理智，他回击了那个男孩。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Every means（ ） tried out but never with success, as far as my knowledge goes.问题1选项A

25、.isB.areC.has beenD.have been【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。every 开头，可知后面要用单数，根据句意可知要用完成时，因此选项C符合题意。8. 单选题Racing the clock every day is such as an exhausting effort that when I actually have a few free moments, I tend to collapse.问题1选项A.fall downB.fall illC.fall outD.fall behind【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天与时间赛跑是一种累人的工作

26、，当我真正有点空闲时间时，我感觉要。fall down “倒塌”；fall ill “生病”；fall out “脱落”；fall behind “落后，逾期”。划线单词的意思是“倒塌，倒下”，选项A符合题意。9. 单选题It is generally thought that as teachers work with students, psychology course work is（ ）to teacher-training.问题1选项A.indispensableB.inviolateC.indisposedD.invariable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。indisp

27、ensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的”；inviolate “无污点的；未亵渎的”；indisposed “不舒服的；不愿意的”；invariable “不改变的；常数的”。句意：通常情况下都会认为当老师和学生共事时，心理学课程是教师培训必不可少的内容。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The world-famous British Museum which houses a(n)（ ）collection of valuable books, paintings, works of arts, etc. attracts millions of visitors every year.问题1

28、选项A.immersibleB.miscellaneousC.overwhelmingD.unified【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。immersible “可浸入的”；miscellaneous “混杂的，各种各样的”；overwhelming“巨大的，压倒性的”；unified“统一的”。句意：世界著名的大英博物馆收藏了大量有价值的书籍、画作及艺术作品，每年吸引了上百万游客。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Pirated compact disks and floppy disks remained the second biggest vehicle for the spread

29、of computer viruses despite the governments determined efforts to quash software piracy.问题1选项A.boostB.preventC.crushD.restrict【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管政府决心盗版软件，但是盗版光碟和软盘仍然是电脑病毒传播的第二大媒介。boost“使增长，使兴旺”；prevent “预防，阻止”；crush “压碎，捣碎”；restrict “（以法规）限制；约束”。根据后面的“software piracy”可知是“政府打击盗版软件”，推测出划线单词quash的意

30、思是“打击，镇压”，因此选项D符合题意。12. 单选题MR BROWN Tall, attractive man, single, aged 30. Outdoor type, sports-loving. Plays football, tennis and squash. Enjoys swimming and skiing. Beer drinker. PE instructor at boys school.MR GREEN Unemployed, unmarried, undernourished English Lit. graduate, aged 23. Indoor type

31、, plays Dungeons and Dragons and any other role-playing adventure games. Enjoys rock and jazz records and sci-fi films and books. Lives in London.MR BLACK Mature man of 50, recently widowed with one son of 15. Own business and home. Enjoys bridge, French food and good claret. Very sociable, likes en

32、tertaining and travel. City dwellerMR WHITE Quiet, shy, peace-loving man, aged 35. Divorced, non-smoker. Ecologist, lives and works in the country. Enjoys chess, walking and reading. Likes eighteenth-century classical music and dry white wine. Dislikes noise and energetic sports.1.Which one would mo

33、st probably appeal to a young woman of 25 who doesnt like living in town and who enjoys playing sports?2.Mr. Black is most likely to be attracted to （）.3.Which of these women students would probably find Mr. Green interesting?4.Which one would most probably appeal to a woman of 30 who used to be a v

34、olleyball player and now is a referee of the game?5.What kind of publication might these people advertise in?问题1选项A.Mr. Brown.B.Mr. Black.C.Mr. Green.D.Mr. White.问题2选项A.an attractive widow who is very shyB.a fun-loving, intelligent womanC.a pretty woman who hates travellingD.a businesswoman who is a

35、 strict vegetarian问题3选项A.A law student who it very logical and practical.B.A dreamy, romantic music student who dislikes pop music.C.An energetic, sociology student, interested in politics.D.An amusing, carefree art student who is fun-loving.问题4选项A.Mr. Brown.B.Mr. Black.C.Mr. Green.D.Mr. White.问题5选项

36、A.A quality daily newspaper.B.A business magazine.C.A popular weekly magazine.D.A trade journal.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据文章对MR BROWN的介绍：三十岁，单身，又高又有魅力，性格外向，爱好运动。这些都符合25岁女性的选择，因此选项A符合题意。第2题:判断推理题。文章对MR BLACK的介绍是这样的：50岁，丧妻，有一个15岁的儿子；有自己的公司和家，喜欢桥牌、法国食物和红酒；善于交际，喜欢娱乐和旅行；城市居民。可以推测出“聪明有趣

37、的女人”会吸引他的注意。选项B符合题意。第3题:判断推理题。文章对MR GREEN的介绍是这样的：没有工作，没有结婚，英国文学素养不高的23岁毕业生；性格内向，喜欢玩“龙与地下城”及其他冒险类游戏；喜欢摇滚和爵士唱片，科幻电影和书籍；居住在伦敦。由此可知和他具有相同爱好的女学生会对他比较感兴趣，因此选项D“有趣，无忧无虑，喜欢有趣的东西的艺术生”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章对MR BROWN的介绍中提到他是“男子学校的体育教练”（PE instructor at boys school），与题干中的“a volleyball player”以及“a referee of the game

38、”很匹配，因此选项A符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章是一篇征婚交友启事，因此刊登在“流星周刊”合适，选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Although Guthman was a（ ）of several campaigns, he had never seen action on the front lines.问题1选项A.veteranB.volunteerC.victimD.villain【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。veteran “老兵；富有经验的人”；volunteer “志愿者；志愿兵”；victim “受害人；牺牲者”；villain “坏人；罪犯”。句意：尽管古斯曼是参

39、加过几场战役的老兵，但是她从来没有见过前线的场景。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs.问题1选项A.sustainB.yieldC.endureD.expose【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们更好地利用时间，并且在有压力的工作中也不会疲劳。sustain “维持（生命、生存）”；yield “屈服，投降”；endure “忍耐”；expose “揭露”。根据“fatigu

40、e in stressful jobs”可以推测划线单词的意思是“屈服”，选项B符合题意。15. 单选题The police detective put together the pieces of evidence to form one （ ）account.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.genuineC.expressiveD.coherent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词义辨析。sensitive “敏感的；感觉的”；genuine “真实的；真正的”；expressive “表现的；有表现力的”；coherent “连贯的；清晰的；一致的”。句意：这位警探将这些证据拼凑在一起形成

41、一份连贯的报告。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题He noticed that Joan was studying him closely, but her expression gave away nothing of what she was thinking.问题1选项A.revealedB.disposedC.remindedD.distributed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他注意到琼在仔细打量他，但她的表情丝毫没有她在想什么。reveal “显示，透露”；dispose “处理，安排”；remind “提醒，使想起”；distribute “分配”。根据“her ex

42、pression”和“what she was thinking”之间的关系可以推测出划线单词的意思是“透露”，因此选项A符合题意。17. 单选题After the fierce quarrel, they began to have a（ ）loathing for each other.问题1选项A.boringB.reciprocalC.friendlyD.standing【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。boring “无聊的；令人厌烦的”；reciprocal “互惠的；相互的”；friendly “友好的；亲切的”；standing “长期存在的”。句意：在那次激烈的争吵后，他

43、们开始相互厌恶。选项B符合题意。18. 单选题You will be busy soon, for we offer you a （ ）training in all aspects of the company.问题1选项A.comprehensibleB.compressedC.compressibleD.comprehensive【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。comprehensible “可理解的”；compressed “被压缩的”； compressible “可压缩的；可压榨的”；comprehensive “综合的，全面的”。句意：你很快会很忙，因为我们为你提供了关于公

44、司全方面的训练。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题Research should continue on controlled nuclear fusion, but no energy program should be premised on its existence until it has proved practical.问题1选项A.focusedB.concentratedC.agreedD.based【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该继续核聚变研究，但是不能把能量项目建立在它存在的.，除非证明它的可行性。focus “集中，聚焦”；concentrate “集中（

45、注意力）”；agree “同意”； base “以为基础”。根据后文的“on its existence”可推测出划线单词premise的意思是“以为前提”，选项D符合题意。20. 单选题The prodigal son（ ）his large inheritance in a few years of heavy spending.问题1选项A.inheritedB.receivedC.accumulatedD.dissipated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。inherit“继承”；receive“收到；接待”；accumulate“积攒”；dissipate “浪费；使 消散”。句意：那个花钱大手大脚的败家子短短几年就把那一大笔遗产挥霍掉了。选项D符合题意。