2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前模拟强化练习题92（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Many children often（ ）why airplanes can fly like birds while we humans cannot.问题1选项A.assumeB.anticipateC.assureD.wonder【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项assume“假定，认为”，B项anticipate“预料，期盼”，C项assure“保证，担保”，D项wonder“想知道，感到疑惑”；根据空格后面的疑问副词why可推断，句子部分表示“想知道”。句意：许多孩子常常想知道为什么飞机能像鸟一样飞，而我

2、们人类却不能。因此，该题选择D项正确。2. 单选题Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very（ ）.问题1选项A.obscureB.indefiniteC.dubiousD.intriguing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项obscure“昏暗的，晦涩的”，B项indefinite“不确定的，无限的”，C项dubious“可疑的，暧昧的”，D项intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”。根据句子前半句的句意“很少有人能听懂教授的讲座”可知，

3、A项符合句意。句意：很少有人能听懂教授的讲座，因为它的主题非常晦涩。因此，该题选择A项正确。3. 单选题Deceptively simple in design, the sculptural works of George Norton incorporate a broad range of textures, sizes, and contours.问题1选项A.MisleadinglyB.GenerallyC.NoticeablyD.Exceptionally【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。deceptively表示“看似，不像看上去那么”；A项misleadingly“误导性地”，B

4、项generally“通常地”，C项noticeably“显著地，明显地”，D项exceptionally“异常地，特殊地”。句意：看似简单的设计，乔治诺顿的雕塑作品融合了广泛的纹理、尺寸和轮廓的奥妙。根据句意可知，前面是对比的关系，那么只有misleadingly能够替换划线的单词，故该题选择A项正确。4. 翻译题中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。一方面是生产规模在不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们实现他们的愿望。【答案】答：The limited natural resources on which

5、Chinas sustainable development depends are declining sharply. On the one hand, the expanding scale of production leads to increased consumption of energy. On the other hand, the production facilities which using energy efficiently are lacking. This forces us to think about how to leave enough enviro

6、nmental space for future generations to realize their aspirations.5. 单选题The court held the parents accountable for the minor childs acts of violence.问题1选项A.responsible forB.indifferent toC.desperate forD.involved in【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。accountable for表示“负责，对应负责任”；A项responsible for“对负责任”，B项indifferent to“

7、对冷漠”，C项desperate for“渴望”，D项involved in“涉及，包含”。句意：法院要求父母对未成年孩子的暴力行为负责。根据句意可知A项正确。6. 单选题The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.问题1选项A.arisen fromB.contributed toC.patched upD.participated in【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。stem from表示“起源于”；A项arise from“起因于”，B项contribute to“有助于

8、”，C项patch up“修补，平息”，D项participate in“参加，参与”。句意：人们认为，美国内战的起因是在奴隶制问题上的分歧。根据句意可知，选择A项正确。7. 翻译题One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts different societies and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects people to people much faster than people

9、 and cultures can often prepare themselves. Some cultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacy makes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which, among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in th

10、e world in relation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of the most devastating forces today the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizations which have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.【答案】答：世界扁平化的一个意想不到的后果是，它使不同的社会和

11、文化可以更多地直接接触。人们之间联系的速度之快使人和社会措手不及。一些文化因全球亲密关系突然带来的合作机会而蓬勃发展。另一些文化则因为这种亲密接触而感到沮丧，甚至感到自尊受到伤害，原因是这种亲密接触的后果之一：使人们轻易地发现彼此在世界中的位置。所有这些都有助于解释为什么出现了当今最具破坏性的力量之一自杀式炸弹袭击者和其他恐怖主义组织，他们不顾人的生命，消灭他们最符合我们的利益。8. 单选题The sale of alcoholic beverages is（ ）to those above 21 in some regions.问题1选项A.confinedB.InhibitedC.obli

12、gedD.restricted【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项confine“限制”，B项inhibit“禁止”，C项oblige“要求，约束”，oblige to表示“不得不”；D项restrict“限制”，restrict to表示“限制在”。句意：在某些地区，酒精饮料只能出售给21岁以上的人。因此D项正确。9. 单选题The suspect（ ）that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.问题1选项A.advocatedB.allegedC.addressedD.announced【答案】B【解析

13、】考查动词辨析。A项advocate“提倡，拥护”，B项allege“宣称，断言”，C项address“设法解决，致辞”，D项announce“宣布”。根据句子意思“嫌疑犯（ ）说案发时他不在附近”可知，空格部分填入allege最符合句意。句意：嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在附近。因此，该题选择B项正确。10. 单选题The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.问题1选项A.joinedB.ascribedC.fastenedD.divert

14、ed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。attach表示“依附，附加”，attach importance to表示“重视，着重于”；A项join“参加”，B项ascribe“归因于，归咎于”，C项fasten“使之固定”，D项divert“转移”。句意：公众对房价将得到控制的消息非常重视。根据句意可知，只有ascribe能与great importance匹配，故该题B项正确。11. 问答题Cancer develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out control. Although there are many kind

15、s of cancer, they all start because of out-of-control growth of abnormal cells.Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a persons life, normal cells divide more rapidly until the person becomes an adult. After that, cells in most parts of the body divi

16、de only to replace worn-out or dying cells and to repair injuries.Because cancer cells continue to grow and divide, they are different from normal cells. Instead of dying, they outlive normal cells and continue to form new abnormal cells. Cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body where th

17、ey begin to grow and replace normal tissue. This process, called metastasis, occurs as the cancer cells get into the bloodstream or lymph vessels of our body. When cells from a cancer like breast cancer spread to another organ like the liver, the cancer is still called breast cancer, not liver cance

18、r.Cancer cells develop because of damage to DNA. This substance is in every cell and directs all its activities. Most of the time when DNA becomes damaged the body is able to repair it. In cancer cells, the damaged DNA is not repaired. People can inherit damaged DNA, which accounts for inherited can

19、cers. Many times though, a persons DNA becomes damaged by exposure to something in the environment, like smoking.Cancer usually forms as a tumor. Some cancers, like leukemia, do not form tumors. Instead, these cancer cells involve the blood and blood-forming organs and circulate through other tissue

20、s where they grow. Remember that not all tumors are cancerous. Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body and, with very rare exceptions, are not life threatening.Different types of cancer can behave very differently. For example, lung cancer and breast cancer are very different diseases

21、. They grow at different rates and respond to different treatments. That is why people with cancer need treatment that is aimed at their particular kind of cancer.Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Half of all men and one-third of all women in the US will develop cance

22、r during their lifetimes. Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have had cancer. The risk of developing most types of cancer can be reduced by changes in a persons lifestyle, for example, by quitting smoking and eating a better diet. The sooner a cancer is found and treatment begins, t

23、he better are chances for living for many years.1. How are cancer cells different from normal ones?2. Why does cancer cell develop?3. Is cancer hereditary? Why?4. Are all the tumors cancerous? Why or why not? Give your reasons.【答案】答：1.Instead of dying, cancer cells outlive normal cells and continue

24、to form new abnormal cells.2.Cancer cells develop because of damage to DNA.3.Yes, it is because people can inherit damaged DNA, which accounts for inherited cancers.4.Not all tumors are cancerous because there are benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body and usually are not life

25、 threatening.【解析】1.细节事实题。题干意思是“癌细胞与正常细胞有何不同？”。第三段前两句提到Because cancer cells continue to grow and divide, they are different from normal cells. Instead of dying, they outlive normal cells and continue to form new abnormal cells.（因为癌细胞继续生长和分裂，所以它们不同于正常细胞；它们不是死亡，而是比正常细胞活得更久，并继续形成新的异常细胞），所以把这两句整合到一起，答案为I

26、nstead of dying, cancer cells outlive normal cells and continue to form new abnormal cells（癌细胞不会死亡，而是比正常细胞活得更久，并继续形成新的不正常细胞）。2.细节事实题。题干意思是“癌细胞为什么会产生？”。第四段第一句就提到了Cancer cells develop because of damage to DNA.（癌细胞的产生是由于对DNA的破坏），因此答案为这一句。3.细节事实题。题干意思是“癌症遗传吗？为什么？”。文章第四段提到In cancer cells, the damaged DNA

27、 is not repaired. People can inherit damaged DNA, which accounts for inherited cancers.（在癌细胞中，受损的DNA无法修复；人们可以遗传受损的DNA，这就是遗传性癌症的原因）可知，癌症会遗传，原因是癌细胞破坏的DNA，而受损的DNA可以遗传。4.细节事实题。题干意思是“所有的肿瘤都是恶性的吗？为什么是或为什么不是？”。根据第五段最后两句Remember that not all tumors are cancerous. Benign tumors do not spread to other parts o

28、f the body and, with very rare exceptions, are not life threatening.（记住，不是所有的肿瘤都是恶性的；良性肿瘤不会扩散到身体的其他部位，不会危及生命，除了极少数例外）可知，不是所有的肿瘤是恶性的。故答案为Not all tumors are cancerous because there are benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body and usually are not life threatening（不是所有的肿瘤都是恶性的，因为有良性

29、肿瘤，它们不会扩散到身体的其他部位，通常不会危及生命）。12. 单选题The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.问题1选项A.without any objectionsB.in the ultimateC.in the backgroundtD.against heavy odds【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。unanimously表示“全体一致地”；A项without any objections“没有任何异议”，B项in the ultimate“终于”，

30、C项in the background“在后面，在幕后”，D项against heavy odds“敌众我寡”。句意：由于一些参议员的大力游说，这项法案获得一致通过。根据句意可知，“一致”相当于“没有任何异议”，故该题选择A项正确。13. 单选题This patients life could be saved only by a major operation. That would（ ）her to a high risk.问题1选项A.exposeB.leadC.contributeD.send【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项expose“暴露”，B项lead“导致”，C项contr

31、ibute“贡献”，D项send“发送，寄”。上文讲到“只有大手术才能挽救这位病人的生命”，根据risk（风险）猜测空格处是表示“使病人面临”，四个选项中只有expose最符合句意。句意：只有大手术才能挽救这位病人的生命；那会让她面临很高的风险。因此，该题A项正确。14. 单选题For years, a network of citizens groups and scientific bodies has been claiming that science of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxons invol

32、vement is well known. ExxonMobil is the worlds most profitable corporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any other company from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobil needs to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken o

33、n climate change. But there are difficulties: if must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that which maintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So whats its strategy?The website Exxonsecrets.org, using data found in the companys official documents, lists 124 organiza

34、tions that have taken money from the company or work closely with those that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that the science is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, and if governments took action to prevent global warm

35、ing, they would be endangering the global economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled “junk science”. The findings they welcome are labeled “sound science”.This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On the whole, they use selection,

36、 not invention. They will find one contradictory studysuch as the discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) coolingand promote it relentlessly. They will continue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, John Christy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August

37、2005 that his figures were incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by many of these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of the climate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been

38、felt all over the world. By dominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years in which urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seeding doubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justified the money t

39、heir sponsors have spent on them many times over.1. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish their position on climate change?2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “bogus” (in Paragraph 4)?3. John Christy is mentioned to show（ ）.4. The organizations spo

40、nsored by Exxon（ ）.5. The passage is mainly focused on（ ）.问题1选项A.Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.tB.Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.tC.Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.tD.Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.t问题2选项A.Reasonable.

41、tB.Fake.tC.Limitless.tD.Inconsistent.t问题3选项A.how closely these organizations work with scientiststB.how these organizations select scientific findings for their own purposetC.how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriestD.how one mans mistake may set back the progress of s

42、ciencet问题4选项A.have lived up to their promisestB.have almost caused worldwide chaostC.have failed to achieve their original goaltD.have misunderstood the request of the sponsort问题5选项A.Exxons involvement in scientific scandalstB.Exxons contributions to the issue of climate changetC.Exxons role in dela

43、ying solutions to global warmingtD.Exxons efforts to promote more scientific discoveries【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节判断题。题干意思是“以下哪项是这些组织在确定其对气候变化的立场时没有做过的？”。文章的第三段提到These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that the science is contradictory, the scientists are split, en

44、vironmentalists are liars or lunatics, and if governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering the global economy for no good reason.（这些组织在气候变化问题上的立场是一致的：科学是矛盾的，科学家是分裂的，环保主义者是骗子或疯子，如果政府采取行动阻止全球变暖，他们将在没有充分理由的情况下危害全球经济），由此可知A项“破坏环保主义者的声誉”、B项“强调科学家之间缺乏共识”和C项“强调对全球经济的不必要伤害”都属

45、于这些组织在确定其对气候变化的立场时的说辞，只有D项“保护科学发现不被滥用”没有提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。第2题:语义推测题。题干意思是“下列哪项在意思上最接近第四段的bogus？”。根据题干定位到第四段第一句This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus.（这并不是说这些团体支持的所有科学都是bogus）可知，这句话是上文的承接句，上文最后一句话指出The findings these organizations dislike are labeled “junk science”. The

46、 findings they welcome are labeled “sound science”.（这些商业组织不喜欢的研究结果被贴上了“垃圾科学”的标签，他们欢迎的发现被贴上了“可靠科学”的标签），后文又提到On the whole, they use selection, not invention.（总的来说，他们使用的是选择，而不是发明），由此可推测并不是这些组织支持的所有的科学都是假的，故B项“虚假的”符合题意。A项“合理的”、C项“无限制的”和D项“不一致的”都不与bogus的含义相近。因此，该题选择B项正确。第3题:细节判断题。题干意思是“提到克里斯蒂是为了表示”。根据题干定

47、位到文章第四段，第二句和第三句指出On the whole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory studysuch as the discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) coolingand promote it relentlessly.（总的来说，他们使用的是选择，而不是发明；他们会发现一个相互矛盾的研究，比如对流层冷却的发现，并坚持不懈地挖掘它），由此推断，后文引用克里斯蒂的例子是为了说明这些组织出于自己的目的选择科学研究课题，故B项“这些组织如何为他们自己的目

48、的选择科学发现”符合题意。A项“这些组织与科学家的合作有多密切”，内容不符合原文；C项“正确的数据对于科学家做出可靠的发现是多么重要”和D项“一个人的错误可能会阻碍科学的进步”文章没有提及。因此，该题选择B项正确。第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“由埃克森赞助的组织”。文章最后一句话提到By dominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years in which urgent international talks should have been taking place, by c

49、onstantly seeding doubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justified the money their sponsors have spent on them many times over.（在本应举行紧急国际谈判的七八年关键时期，通过主导媒体有关气候变化的辩论，通过不断播撒对科学的怀疑，就像它应该是最有说服力的一样，他们已经证明了赞助商在他们身上花费的金钱是合理的），由此可推断，埃克森赞助的组织最终还是兑现了他们的承诺，和公司在应对气候变化问题上处于

50、一致的立场，故A项“履行了他们诺言”符合题意。B项“几乎引起了世界范围的混乱”和D项“误解了主办者的要求”没有提到；C项“没有达到他们原来的目标”，内容与原文不符。因此，该题选择A项正确。第5题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章主要关于”。本文主要讲在应对全球变暖等环境问题上，大公司埃克森所做的一切措施来维护自身经济利益。文章第一段提到For years, a network of citizens groups and scientific bodies has been claiming that science of global warming is inconclusive. But

51、 who funded them?（多年来，一个由公民团体和科学机构组成的网络一直声称全球变暖的科学是不确定的，但是谁资助的呢？）和文章最后一段提到While they have been most effective in the United States（虽然他们这一招在美国是最有效的），由此可以推断，埃克森美孚公司在解决全球变暖的问题上发挥了作用，故C项“埃克森在拖延全球变暖解决方案方面的作用”符合题意。A项“埃克森卷入科学丑闻”和D项“埃克森推动更多科学发现的努力”文中没有提到；B项“埃克森对气候变化问题的贡献”，文章第二段指出To safeguard its profits, Ex

52、xonMobil needs to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change.（为了保护自己的利润，埃克森美孚需要散播怀疑，是否需要对气候变化采取严格的行动），由此可知，埃克森美孚为了保护自己的利益，而散播谣言阻止气候变化措施的实行，B项错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。15. 单选题Marcia Seligson calls the wedding dress the “key metaphor” in the elaborate effort to make the American w

53、edding an “idealized departure from reality,” and notes that in the early 1970s, at a time when love-ins, live-ins, and hippie weddings were throwing brickbats at tradition, 94 percent of American brides still chose to be married in white. The color has long been associated with weddings because of

54、its supposed symbolic link to virginity. Commenting slyly on the tradition, Judith Martin (1982) observes that an engaged couple needs to decide “whether wearing a white wedding dress will be worth enduring the sneers of people who believe these must be accessorized by intact hymens.”Viewed historic

55、ally, the link between white and virginity (or, as it is sometimes euphemized, purity) is not as absolute as is often supposed. Brides in ancient Rome married in white, but because the color signified joy; they were veiled in a bright orange veil, or flammeum, that suggested the flames of passion. I

56、n the western Catholic tradition, too, white has always been the color of joy, and it remains the iconographically correct hue for such jubilant occasions as Easter Sunday. Some traditional societies use white to denote the significance of various passage ceremonies, among them funerals as well as w

57、eddings. For example, among the Andaman Islanders, said A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, white indicated simply a change of status; and the traditional Chinese white for funerals was a symbolic representation of hope.The “traditional” white wedding dress, moreover, is a recent innovation. Barbara Tober explai

58、ns that its popularity may owe less to the mystique of virginity than to a curious twist of conspicuous display. Most Victorian brides, she says, wore simply their “best finery” on their wedding day, and many wore traditional ethnic costumes. The white dress was an ostentatiously impractical innovat

59、ion that became popular among the upper classes precisely because of its defects: “Victorian brides from privileged backgrounds wore white to indicate that they were rich enough to wear a dress for one day only.” And throughout the first years of this century, brides from somewhat less privileged ba

60、ckgrounds would trot out the white dress on special occasions throughout the first year of their marriage. The custom of locking the treasure away after the weddingso that, like a toasting glass, it could never be used for a lesser purposeis less than a hundred years old.1. According to the passage,

61、 wearing a white wedding dress has little to do with（ ）.2. From historical point of view, the white color has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT（ ）.3. It can be inferred from the passage that white dress（ ）.4. Nowadays, after the wedding white dress for brides from ordinary families（ ）

62、.5. The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.virginitytB.puritytC.hopetD.traditiont问题2选项A.ceremonies of weddings and funeralstB.flames of passion in new couplestC.feelings of joytD.changes of social statust问题3选项A.enjoys general popularitytB.represents traditional styletC.means something that brin

63、gs people joytD.symbolizes the aristocracy of Victorianst问题4选项A.was worn throughout the first yeartB.was never worn againtC.was worn once in a whiletD.was reserved for special purposet问题5选项A.Tradition of White Wedding DresstB.Origin of Wedding DresstC.History of Wedding DresstD.Appeal of White Dress【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章可知，穿白色的婚纱与没有关系”。第一段提到The color has long been associated with weddings because of its supposed symbolic link to virginity.（这种颜色长期以来一直与婚礼联系在一起，因为它被认为是贞操的象征）可知，