2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前模拟强化练习题66（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 填空题Who（1 ） you your first Chinese characters when you were a child? And did you use a pencil, a pen （2）a brush to write them?【答案】1.taught2.and【解析】1.语义题。teach sb. sth. “教授某人 ”，由题干的表示时间的“when you were a child”可知第一个空应填入teach的过去式taught。2.逻辑分析。a pencil, a pen, a brush三者

2、是并列关系,用and连接表示列举。2. 填空题“Dida” is（1） people usually call this university.（2） it is a comprehensive university, the earth sciences are still its main research focus. There is（3）university associated with it, in Wuhan.【答案】1.what2.Although3.another【解析】1.语法题。what在此处引导表语从句, 在从句中充当宾语。2.逻辑分析。由后句的still(仍然)推测

3、前后句为让步关系。3.语义题。句意: 武汉还有一所与之相关的大学。3. 单选题The woman, 69 years old and still active as a professor at Harvard University, told a research team that she had begun to find it hard to recall the names of ever faculty members. Not long ago she had forgotten her classroom number when asking for a slide proje

4、ctor to be sent up. She had one anxious question for the research team, assembled to study the normal course of mental aging: “Am I losing my ability to remember, and perhaps even to think clearly?”That question is the principal focus of a new wave of scientific inquiry on the decline in mental abil

5、ity with age. The findings are challenging some basic assumptions, like the belief that such decline is a natural part of the aging process, irrespective of general health.From 20 to 30 percent of people in their 80s who volunteer for cognitive testing perform as well as volunteers in their 30s and

6、40s, who are presumably in their mental prime. The intellectual and creative productivity in later life of certain artists and intellectuals may represent not so much an exception as an ideal, some experts now say.Dr KW Schaie, a psychologist at Pennsylvania State University, is the director of a ma

7、jor study of normal mental decline in the elderly. For over 35 years, his study has been following more than 5000 men and women who have been tested regularly. Dr Schaies investigations seek to fill a gap in gerontological research, which, according to Dr Jack Rowe, president of the Mount Sinai Scho

8、ol of Medicine and a leading expert in the field, has focused on disease and disability, and neglected the prospects of maintaining high functioning in old age. Dr Rowe heads a research network on successful aging sponsored by the MacArthur Foundation. In an interview he pointed out that gerontologi

9、sts have focused on the 6 to 15 percent of the elderly who are frail and then lumped everyone else together as normal. But there is a huge variation from person to person among older people: the older a group gets, the less like each other people in it become.”Dr Schaies most recent findings were re

10、ported this month in The American Psychologist. Although the studys results show abilities begin to decline gradually in the middle to late 60s and accelerate in the late 70s. The rate of decline differs for various mental faculties and differs in men and women. The sharpest declines are seen in bas

11、ic mathematics. By their late 80s, both men and women were only about half as adept in basic math as they had been in their 50s. For men, the least decline shown is in spatial orientation, for example, in reading a map correctly. By the late 80s, it had dropped by only about one-eighth on average.Fo

12、r women, the most enduring mental skill is inductive reasoning, assessing the information in a timetable, for instance. As women reached their late 80s, it had dropped just over one-eighth from its height in middle age. One of the drastic declines for women proved to be in verbal comprehension, whil

13、e that ability dropped relatively little into the 70s, it plummeted by about one-quarter during the 80s. For men, the decline was slight in those years.Another study, this one by Dr Richard Mons, a psychologist at Mount Sinai Medical School who is the acting director of a research consortium on norm

14、al memory loss and aging sponsored by the Charles A. Dana Foundation, has found that different kinds of memory differ in their vulnerability to aging. “Crystallized” memory, ie, vocabulary or other knowledge accumulated over the years holds up very well into old age. “Fluid” memory, on the other han

15、d, the ability to add new information to memory or to recall something that happened recently is more prone to decline, beginning in the 60s. He found little decline in very short-term memory, like remembering a telephone number just looked up.A pair of Harvard psychologists, Douglas Powell and Kean

16、 Whitla, have designed a computerized test of mental skills like long-term and short-term memory, attention, reasoning and calculation; they reported the test in the February issue of Current Directions in Psychological Science. They are the researchers whom the 69-year-old professor spoke with. The

17、ir test compares a persons score with norms for others of the same age, for people who are still in middle age and for others in their own professional group.Dr Schaies study has found certain predictors for good mental function in old age. These include a high level of ability in reading comprehens

18、ion and verbal fluency, a successful career or some other involvement through life and continuing keen mental interests after retirement. Having a flexible attitude in middle age was also a promising indicator. “There is less mental decline in people who adapt easily to change, who like learning new

19、 things and enjoy going to new places,” Dr Schaie observed. The study also found that simply living with someone with these characteristics is beneficial. “It helps to have a high-functioning spouse, since this is your major immediate social environment and support.” Dr Schaie stated.1.The 69-year-o

20、ld woman mentioned at the beginning of the passage is finding it increasingly（ ） .2.Some artists and intellectuals remain productive to the very end of long lives. The writer of the passage states that some experts .3.Dr Schaies findings reveal that（ ） .4.Dr Schaie tells us that the average 85-year-

21、old woman is likely to have lost a good deal of her ability to（ ） .5.Dr Jack Rowe, in addition to serving as director of a well-known medical school,6.Dr Rowe says, there is a huge variation from person to person among older people: the older a group gets, the less like each other the people in it b

22、ecome.” This can best be paraphrased (re-stated) as .7.Which of these items would Dr Mohs not classify as part of your crystallized memory?8.What Powell and Whitla have created（ ） .9.If you were a young man thinking of getting married and you asked Dr Schaie for advice he would probably tell you to（

23、 ） .10.This article （ ）.11.Given that the average person is unlikely to know that geronto- is the Greek root meaning “old person” (see line 22), we may reasonably conclude that this article is intended for（ ） .12.The word challenging in line 7 means（ ） .13.The word cognitive in line 9 is（ ） .14.The

24、opposite of flexible in line 52 is（ ） .15.The word promising in line 52 means（ ） .问题1选项A.difficult to remember who her colleagues are.B.difficult to recall some of her colleagues facesC.difficult to remember what some of her colleagues are calledD.easy to forget the name of her facultyE.easy to forg

25、et what some of her younger colleagues do in the faculty问题2选项A.believe that such examples are more common than gerontologists formerly supposedB.are certain that such late productivity is impossible for ordinary people in other walks of lifeC.are almost certain that in the future such late productiv

26、ity will become quite ordinaryD.suspect that it is wrong to regard such late productivity as abnormal rather than simply uncommonE.reject the idea that such people can be taken as models for normal human beings问题3选项A.the pattern of mental decline among men and women is virtually identicalB.loss of t

27、he ability to calculate is severe in women, but much less so in menC.among older women, inductive reasoning is just as impaired by aging as is basic mathD.damage to inductive reasoning among the elderly is about equal for men and womenE.loss of the ability to calculate is severe in both men and wome

28、n问题4选项A.use numbers and understand languageB.use numbers and read timetablesC.read timetables and use mapsD.understand language and read timetablesE.learn new facts and use numbers问题5选项A.is the head of a foundation that gives money for research on the problems of the elderlyB.is one of Americas top

29、gerontologists studying old people with abnormally severe memory lossC.is the leader of a tightly coordinated research association studying how to remain healthy in old ageD.is responsible for deciding which experts on successful aging will get research grants from the MacArthur FoundationE.is the l

30、eader of a loosely coordinated group of research teams studying how to remain healthy in old age问题6选项A.The older the people in a group get, the more characteristics they share Differences between individuals in a group diminish as age increasesB.As people age, certain similarities increase, while ot

31、hers become less markedC.Human individuals are very dissimilar at any age; this is no less true as people grow olderD.Overall resemblances between members of a human group decrease as the years go by问题7选项A.A headline in last weeks newspaperB.The date of your eldest childs birthC.Your mothers nameD.T

32、he meaning of the English word “geology”E.The formula for finding the area of a triangle问题8选项A.constitutes a great advance in computer softwareB.compares someone like the 69-year-old woman with other women and with other people of various ages, but not with other university instructorsC.will probabl

33、y confirm many of Dr Schaies findings and invalidate those of Dr MohsD.should make it easier to determine the relative mental skills of large numbers of peopleE.will be of little use to Dr Schaie but very valuable for Dr Mohs问题9选项A.marry someone quiet and dependableB.seek unity and stability in your

34、 marriageC.marry someone lively and curiousD.avoid women who are always trying to change their situationsE.choose someone who would rather read than travel问题10选项A.is limited to a discussion of Dr Schaies recent researchB.surveys recent developments in the study of aging and the elderlyC.gives an ove

35、rview of recent advances in the understanding of the relation between old age and mental activitiesD.is primarily a criticism of the excessive concentration among earlier gerontologists on severe memory loss by the elderlyE.explains recent advances in scientific understanding of the physical mechani

36、sms of mental decline among the aged问题11选项A.gerontologists interested in recent developments in their fieldB.school children being taught how to deal with difficult old peopleC.doctors who need a technical summary of recent advances in mental researchD.university-educated readers curious about recen

37、t work in gerontologyE.adults with secondary-school educations or less who want to know what will happen to their memories as they grow older问题12选项A.supportingB.supplying evidence forC.disprovingD.bringing into doubtE.suspicious问题13选项A.an adjective pertaining to the act of knowing and judgingB.a ver

38、b meaning to invent by suing the power of ones brainC.a noun related to the word recognizeD.an adjective referring to the process of agingE.a noun meaning a mental action, especially one involving recognition问题14选项A.easyB.bendingC.difficultD.strongE.rigid问题15选项A.indicating a definite resultB.product

39、iveC.strongly suggesting possible resultsD.guaranteeing certain resultsE.guaranteed by the evidence【答案】第1题:A第2题:E第3题:E第4题:A第5题:C第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:C第11题:D第12题:D第13题:A第14题:E第15题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第一段: find it hard to recall the names of ever faculty members（发现自己很难记起曾经的同事的名字）。干扰项为C: 很难记起一些自己的同

40、事的名字。此处 “一些”与原文不符。因此A项 “很难记起自己的同事是谁”正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Some artists and intellectuals remain productive定位至第三段: The intellectual and creative productivity in later life of certain artists and intellectuals may represent not so much an exception as an ideal, some experts now say(一些专家说,某些艺术家和知识分子晚年的智力和创

41、造性生产力，与其说是一种理想，不如说是一种例外)。由此可知E项“不认为这类人可以被当成普通人的模范”正确。3.细节事实题。题干问的是Dr Schaie的研究发现,据此定位至第五段第四、五句: The sharpest declines are seen in basic mathematics. By their late 80s, both men and women were only about half as adept in basic math as they had been in their 50s(最大的下降体现在基本的数学运算能力上。到80岁末的时候，男女的基本数学运算能力

42、仅大约是其50岁时的一半)。故E项“男女计算能力的丧失都很严重”正确。B 项“在计算能力丧失方面，女人比男人更严重”与第四、五句的句意不符。第五段第三句: Therate of decline differs for various mental faculties and differs in men and women(不同智力水平的下降程度不同，男女的下降程度也不同), 可知知A项“男女智力下降的模式几乎是一致的”及D项“在归纳推理能力丧失方面，男女老年人大约是一致的”不正确。C项“在老年妇女中，归纳推理与基本数学能力因年龄增长而丧失的程度是一样”, 文中没有提及。4.细节事实题。第六段

43、第三句: One of the drastic declines for women proved to be in verbal comprehension, while that ability dropped relatively little into the 70s, it plummeted by about one-quarter during the 80s(女人遭受的最严重智力下降之一被证明 是在语言理解能力上，它在女人迈入70岁时下降的相对较少，但等他们到80岁的时，它就会很快下降差不多25%)及第三题的分析“85岁女人的数学运算能力也会大大降低”得知正确答案为A “使用数

44、字及理解语言”。5.细节事实题。第四段第三句说Dr Jack Rowe是 “a leading expert in the field”(老年学研究领域的前沿专家)。第四句说: Dr Rowe heads a research network on successful aging sponsored by the MacArthur Foundation (Dr Rowe 领导一个受 MacArthur 基金赞助的有关成功老龄化的研究网络)。由此可知C项 “是一个协调紧密的研究协会的领导，该协会研究如何保持老年健康”正确。6.语义题。题干意思为: 在老年人中，人与人之间的差异都很大：一组人的

45、年龄越大，组员之间的差异就更大。因此E项“人类群体中成员间的整体相似性随年龄的増加而减少”正确。7.推理判断题。第七段: “Crystallized” memory, ie, vocabulary or other knowledge accumulated over the years holds up very well into old age (固态记忆指经年累积的词汇或其它知识，其能很好地保持到年老时)。因此A项“上周报纸的一个标题”不属于固态记忆。8.推理判断题。Dr Schaie的研究发现: The rate of decline differs for various ment

46、al faculties and differs in men and women(不同智力水平的下降率不同，男女的下降率也不同)。Dr Richard Mons的研究发现: different kinds of memory differ in their vulnerability to aging (不同类型的记忆在其易老化性上有所不同)。Douglas Powell and Kean Whitla的研究方式: designed a computerized test of mental skills like long-term and short-term memory, atten

47、tion, reasoning and calculation (设计了一个关于长期和短期记忆、注意力、推理和计算等心理技能的计算机测试); compares a persons score with norms for others of the same age, for people who are still in middle age and for others in their own professional group (将一个人的分数与其他同龄人、中年人和其他专业人士的标准进行比较)。因此可知这些人的研究方向是有重叠的，故C项“将有可能证实DrSchaie的一些发现，却会让

48、Dr Mons的发现失效”正确。9.推理判断题。第九段:a successful career or some other involvement through life and continuing keen mental interests after retirement（一份成功的事业或生活中的其它活动，退休后保持强烈的精神情趣）及who adapt easily to change, who like learning new things and enjoy going to new places （容易适应变化，喜欢学习新东西与去新的地方）,这些都被Dr Schaie认为是在年

49、老时精神功能良好的预示，研究也发现仅仅与具有这些特点的人生活都是受益的（The study also found that simply living with someone with these characteristics is beneficial）,并且Dr Schaie 说 “It helps to have a high-functioning spouse（有一个高功能的配偶是有帮助的）。因此如果向Dr Schaie征求关于寻找伴侣的意见,他更会建议 “与一个充满活力与好奇心的人结婚”。10.主旨大意题。文章主要讲老年人的智力变化与其年龄增长的关系知C项 “概述了在了解年龄增

50、长与智力活动之间的关系方面取得的最新进展”正确。11.主旨大意题。题干意思是: 假如一般人不太可能知道geron是希腊语的词根，意思是“老人”（见第22行），我们可以合理地推断这篇文章针对的人群是 。该文章主要讲老年人的智力变化与其年龄增长的关系,而且专业性不是很强。因此D项“接受过大学教育并对老年学研究进展感兴趣的的读者”正确。12.词义题。Challenging所在句: The findings are challenging some basic assumptions, like the belief that such decline is a natural part of the

51、 aging process, irrespective of general health (这些发现对一些基本假设提出了挑战，比如认为这种下降是衰老过程的自然组成部分，与一般健康状况无关), 因此这里的challenging为动词,因此D项 “质疑”正确。13.词义题。cognitive（认知的，认识的）本身是形容词，可以直接排除B项(动词,表示), C项与E项(名词,表示)。Cognitive所在句: From 20 to 30 percent of people in their 80s who volunteer for cognitive testing perform as we

52、ll as volunteers in their 30s and 40s, who are presumably in their mental prime(在80多岁自愿参加认知测试的人中，有20%到30%的人表现出色，30多岁和40多岁的人也表现出色，他们大概处于精神发育的最佳时期)。因此A项“与认识与判断行为相关的一个形容词”正确。14.词义题。对a flexible attitude的解释为: adapt easily to change, who like learning new things and enjoy going to new places(容易适应变化，喜欢学习新东

53、西与去新的地方)。故flexible的意思为 “灵活多变”。其反义词为E项“僵硬的，死板的”。15.词义题。Promising所在句: Having a flexible attitude in middle age was also a promising indicator(中年时态度灵活也是一个很有前途的指标)。因此Promising表示”有希望的，有前途的”。故选 C “有力地暗示可能结果”。4. 填空题How （ ）do you travel to Shanghai on business?【答案】ofen。【解析】常用语。How ofen 多久一次。5. 单选题Even as a

54、child I was not a great fan of cartoon, but my daughter watches them whenever she can, with no apparent ill effects on her attitude or her performance at school.问题1选项A.Even as a childB.fan of cartoonC.them whenever she canD.apparent ill effects on herE.没有问题【答案】C【解析】代词误用。them改成it,此处的代词指代前面的 cartoon,因

55、为是单数名词，故需要用it。6. 单选题Although there has been a great deal of construction at the university in the last few years, but the campus still feels fairly open and uncluttered.问题1选项A.there has beenB.at the university in the lastC.but theD.feels fairly open and unclutteredE.没有问题【答案】C【解析】连词多余。去掉but。句子中已经有了从属

56、连词although，故并列连词but多余。7. 填空题Yesterday I went （1）a drink with three Canadian geologists who came to hear my presentation. It （2）out that we have a number of research interests in（3） , so we（4） the possibility of working together, using new material from sites in Canada and China.【答案】for; turned; comm

57、on; discussed【解析】句意: 昨天我和三个过来听我报告的加拿大地质学家一起喝酒。发现我们在研究兴趣上有很多相同点，所以我们探讨共同工作的可能性，使用来自加拿大和中国地皮上的新材料。1.固定搭配。go for a drink 出去喝点。2.固定搭配。It turns out that. 结果是,这里应该用过去式turned。3.固定搭配。have sth. in common有相同之处。4.语义题。句意推测为: 所以我们探讨共同工作的可能性。8. 单选题Im sure youll agree that when a person is as ambitious as Li Fei,

58、no one can stop him to achieve his career objectives.问题1选项A.youll agree thatB.when a personC.canD.to achieveE.没有问题【答案】D【解析】固定短语误用。to achieve改为from achieving。stop sb. to do sth. 让某人停下来去做另一件事。stop sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事。这里表示 阻止他实现职业目标。9. 填空题（1） of a series of unforeseen problems, Professor Bandini and

59、 his research group dont have（2 ）money to finish their current project. Bandini has（3） to the ministry for （4）funds.【答案】1.Because2.enough3.applied to4.more【解析】1.固定搭配。Because of 因为。2.语义题。enough 足够的。3.固定搭配。apply to 申请4.语义题。More 更多的10. 填空题A Have you seen my dictionary? I cant find it（1 ） .B Is that it

60、over there by the door?C It is! I （2）have left it there yesterday afternoon as we were leaving for the day.句意:你有看见我的字典吗？我到处都找不到它。在门口的那个是你的字典不？是的！在昨天下午我们放学时，我有可能把它放在那里了。【答案】1.anywhere2.probably【解析】1.语义题。anywhere:任何地方，到处。2.语法题。副词修饰动词left （动词leave的过去分词）。11. 填空题1 was hungry,（1） I went into a restaurant

61、and ordered（2） food. The waiter（3） a long time to bring me（4） I had ordered. When he finally brought it, he （5）for the delay.句意: 我饿了，所以我走进一家餐馆后就点了些吃的。服务员花了很长时间才把 我点的东西端上来。当他终于端上来时，他就延迟上菜向我道歉。【答案】1.so2.some3.spent4.what5.apologized【解析】1.逻辑分析。空格前后句为因果关系。2.语义题。some food表示 “一些食物”。3.固定搭配。spend a long tim

62、e to do sth. 做某事花了很久。4.语法题。考查关系代词。what作为关系代词（所的事物） 代替前面点的吃的东西。5.固定搭配。apologize for sth. 为道歉。整个句子为一般过去时,因此此处也用一般过去时。12. 单选题1 Etienne Klein, a celebrated French physicist and popularizer of science, seems set to lose his post as president of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology

63、 (IHEST) in Paris after allegations that he plagiarized the work of more than a dozen scientists, philosophers and writers in various books and articles. A source at Frances Ministry of Science and Education yesterday confirmed that a decree ending Kleins tenure has been signed by the current minister and is now awaiting the signature of French President Francois Hollande.2 But Klei