2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷47

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker “sell” his or her ideas to an audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listener interest.A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关

2、系) with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, wh

3、ether from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table, are “regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest.”To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the

4、 street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and mo

5、nitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues (暗示) from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we hav

6、e pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.1. This passage is mainly concerned with _.2. According to the passage, a good speaker must _.3. The word “target” in the last sentence of the second paragraph can best be replaced by _

7、.4. In daily life, when the glances of two passers-by happen to meet, these two persons will inevitably _.5. Eye contact with an audience, according to the author, has all the following benefits for the speaker EXCEPT that it doesnt _.问题1选项A.the importance of eye contactB.the potency of nonverbal te

8、chniquesC.successful speech deliveryD.an effective way to gain visual feedbacks问题2选项A.“sell” his or her ideas to an audienceB.maintain direct eye contact with listenersC.be very persuasive and believableD.be exceptionally well-disposed问题3选项A.“destination”B.“goal”C.“audience”D.“followers”问题4选项A.smile

9、 to each otherB.feel awkward and look away immediatelyC.try to make a conversation with each otherD.none of the above问题5选项A.help the speaker to control the audienceB.help the speaker to gain audience interest and esteemC.help the speaker to know whether he is talking too much about a certain pointD.

10、help the speaker to analyze his audience when he is beginning his speech【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章首先提出了目光接触这个技巧，接着介绍了具体的做法以及它发挥的重要作用。因此A选项“目光接触的重要性”最符合文章主旨。B选项“非语言技巧的效力”，文章只介绍了目光接触这一种非语言技巧，而不是对非语言技巧效力的概述，所以B错误。C选项“成功的演讲”，良好的目光接触只是成功演讲的因素之一，C选项过于宽泛，所以C错误。D选项“获得视觉反馈的一种有效方法”只是目光

11、接触的作用之一，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience.（一个成功的演讲者必须与听众保持目光接触。），说明本文认为成功的演讲者必须与听众保持目光接触。因此B选项“与听众保持直接的目光接触”正确。A选项“向听众推销他或她的想法”，C选项“具有很强的说服力和可信度”，D选项“非常友好”都是保持目光接触起到的作用和结果，所以A, C, D错误。3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“target”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句People w

12、ho maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium or from across the table, are “regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest.”（无论是在讲台上还是在桌子对面讲话时，保持目光接触的人“不仅会被他们的听众视为非常友好的人，而且会被视为更可信、更认真的人。”），说明“target”在文中是指“讲话的听众”的意思。因此C选项“听众”正

13、确。A选项“目的地”，B选项“目标”，D选项“追随者”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. A

14、t the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.（为了显示目光交流在日常生活中的作用，我们只需要考虑路人在街上偶然相遇时的目光是如何表现的。一个极端是那些在目光接触时觉得必须微笑的人。另一种极端是那些感到尴尬，会立刻把目光移开的人。进行目光交流，似乎是为了与某人建立某种联系。），说明在日常生活中在这种情况下，不同的人有不同的反应或表现，并不是非做出某种表现或

15、反应不可。A选项“向对方微笑”，B选项“感到尴尬并立即移开目光”是两种极端的情况，不代表一定会发生，所以A, B错误。C选项“试图与对方进行交谈”，建立联系不一定意味着进行谈话，所以C错误。因此D选项“以上都不是”正确。5.客观细节题。A选项“帮助演讲者控制听众”，由原文Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker “sell” his or her ideas to an audience.（目光接触是一种非语言技巧，有助于演讲者向听众“推销”他或她的想法。）可知，目光接触有助于让听众认同演讲者的想法，是对听众的一种控

16、制，A选项属于目光接触的好处，排除A。B选项“帮助演讲者获得听众的兴趣和尊重”，由原文Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem.（有些演讲者只专注于他们的笔记。有些人的目光越过听众的头顶。两种做法都有可能失去观众的兴趣和尊重。）可知，目光接触有助于演讲者获得听众的兴趣和尊重，B选项属于目光接触的好处，排除B。C选项“帮助演讲者了解他是否在某一点

17、上说得太多了”，由原文Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long（听众的视觉线索可以表明演讲拖沓，演讲者在某一点上停留的时间过长）可知，目光接触有助于演讲者了解自己的演讲是否冗长，C选项属于目光接触的好处，排除C。D选项“帮助演讲者在开始演讲时分析他的听众”，由原文Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker kn

18、ow and monitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech.（与听众的目光接触也能让演讲者了解并观察听众。事实上，这对于在演讲中分析听众是必不可少的。）可知，目光接触有助于演讲者在演讲全程分析听众，而不只是演讲开始时，D选项表述不符合原文，所以本题选D。2. 单选题Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newsp

19、aper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of

20、 head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they plug each days events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroo

21、m culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnection between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard patterns” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey,

22、 questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-sized cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upsc

23、ale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses (奔驰车), and trade stocks, and they are less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of thi

24、s elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hir

25、ing employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums (讨论会) and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former

26、buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.1. The passage is mainly about _.2. The results of the journalism credibility project turned ou

27、t to be _.3. As for the survey, which of the following statements is true?4. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their _.5. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its _.问题1选项A.needs of the readers all over the worldB.ca

28、uses of the public disappointment about newspapersC.origins of the declining newspaper industryD.aims of a journalism credibility project问题2选项A.quite trustworthyB.somewhat contradictoryC.very funningD.rather superficial问题3选项A.The residents to be surveyed are decided beforehand.B.The residents in 5 c

29、ities are surveyed.C.The survey shows that reporters and their readers share the same lifestyle.D.The replies of the residents show that church is probably their haunts.问题4选项A.working attitudeB.lack of reporting skillsC.world outlookD.educational background问题5选项A.failure to realize its real problemB

30、.tendency to hire annoying reportersC.likeliness to do inaccurate reportingD.prejudice in matters of race and gender【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头提出了为什么许多美国人不相信自己在报纸上读到的内容这个问题，接着分析了造成公众对报纸失望的根本性原因。因此B选项“公众对报纸失望的原因”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“世界各地读者的需求”，C选项“报业衰落的根源”，D选项“新闻业可信度项目的目标”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D

31、错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes（遗憾的是，这次项目只获得了一些肤浅的发现，诸如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误），说明可信度项目获得的结果是低级、肤浅的。因此D选项“相当肤浅”正确。A选项“非常值得信赖”，B选项“有点矛盾”，C选项“非常有趣”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。3.客观细节题。A选项“被调查的居民是

32、事先决定的”，由原文Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.（然后随机地给这些城市的居民打电话，询问他们同样的问题。）可知，被调查的居民是随机确定的，所以A错误。B选项“对5个城市的居民进行调查”，由原文In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-sized cities around the country, plus one large metropolit

33、an area.（在最近一次调查中，问卷被送到了全国五座中等城市及一座大都市的记者手中。）可知，是对五个中等城市和一个大城市，共6个城市的居民进行调查，所以B错误。C选项“调查显示，记者和他们的读者有着相同的生活方式”，由原文Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks（人们的回答表明，与其他美国人相比，新闻记者更有可能居住在高级社

34、区，有女佣，有奔驰车，炒股）可知，记者和普通读者的生活方式不一样，所以C错误。由D选项关键词“church”可以定位到文章第五段最后一句and they are less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.（而记者去教堂，参加自愿服务，扎根某个社区的可能性却很小。），说明记者和普通读者不一样，很少去教堂，也就是说普通居民可能会经常去教堂。因此D选项“居民的回答表明，教堂很可能是他们的聚集地”正确。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段第二句The astonishing

35、 distrust of the news media isnt rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.（对新闻媒体的这种令人震惊的不信任的根源不在于报道失实或低下的报道技巧，而在于记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞。），说明记者与读者世界观的冲突引起了人们对报纸的不信任，是基本问题所在。因此C选项“世界观”正确。A选项“工作态度”，B选项“缺乏报道技巧”，D选项“教育背景”都不是最基本的问

36、题，所以A, B, D错误。5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about.（但它似乎从来就没有时间去注意那么多老顾客所抱怨的文化和阶级偏见。），说明尽管报纸行业做出了许多努力，但他们没有意识到真正的问题在于文化和阶级偏见。因此A选项“没有意识到其真正的问题”正确。B选项“倾向于雇用令人讨厌的记者”，C选项“倾向于做不准确的报道”，D选项“在种族和

37、性别问题上的偏见”都不是根本的原因，所以B, C, D错误。3. 单选题Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado

38、 struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, becau

39、se the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hu

40、ndreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or

41、 “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately, scientific and techno

42、logical advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and

43、instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic dis

44、plays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.1. The word “exceeded” in paragraph 1 most probably means _.2. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere fails to p

45、redict such a short-lived tornado because _.3. According to the passage, the word “Nowcast” (paragraph 3) means _.4. According to the passage, _ is the key factor to making “Nowcasts” a reality.5. According to the author, the passage mainly deals with _.问题1选项A.added up toB.were more thanC.were about

46、D.were less than问题2选项A.the computer is not used to forecast specific local eventsB.the computers are not advanced enough to predict itC.the weather data people collect are often wrongD.weather conditions in some small regions are not available问题3选项A.a way of collecting raw weather dataB.a forecast w

47、hich can predict the weather conditions in the small area in an accurate wayC.a network to collect instant weather dataD.a more advanced system of weather observation问题4选项A.scientific and technological advances such as radar, or satellitesB.computer scientistC.meteorologistsD.advanced computer progr

48、ams问题5选项A.a tornado in Edmonton, AlbertaB.whats a “Nowcast”C.the disadvantage of conventional computer models of the weather forecastD.a breakthrough in weather forecast【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“exceeded”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million（龙卷风造成的总损

49、失超过2.5亿美元），说明“exceeded”在文中是指“超过”的意思。因此B选项“超过”正确。A选项“加起来”，C选项“大约”，D选项“少于”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not

50、detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come before these storms.（传统的大气计算机模型在预测像埃德蒙顿龙卷风这样短暂的局部风暴方面价值有限，因为可用的天气数据通常不够详细，不能让计算机仔细研究这些风暴来临之前微妙的大气变化。），接着指出conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over lar

51、ge regions than they do forecasting specific local events.（传统的天气预报模式能够较好地预测大范围的总体天气情况而不是具体的局部天气事件），说明传统的大气计算机模型不能很好地预测龙卷风是因为一些小区域的数据采集不到。因此D选项“一些小区域的天气状况无法获得”正确。A选项“计算机不是用来预测具体的局部事件的”，B选项“计算机不够先进，无法预测”，C选项“人们收集的天气数据往往是错误的”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“Nowcast”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Until recently, the o

52、bservation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible.（直到最近，用于精确的、非常短期的预测或“临近预报”的观测密集方法还不可行。），由前面的“accurate, very short-range forecasts”可以推断出，“Nowcast”在文中是指“准确、及时的天气预报”的意思。因此B选项“一种可以准确预测小区域天气状况的预报”正确。A选项“一种收集原始天气数据的方式”，C选项“一个收集即时天气数据的网络”，D选项“一

53、个更先进的天气观测系统”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems.（幸运的是，科学和技术的进步已经克服了这些问题中的大多数。），说明解决及时预报困难的关键因素是高科技的发展。因此A选项“科学和技术的进步，如雷达或卫星”正确。B选项“计算机科学家”，C选项“气象学家”，D选项“先进的计算机程序”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了某次龙卷风造成的

54、损失，指出传统的计算机天气预测模式由于没有详细的天气情况数据而不能对类似于龙卷风的暴风雨做出及时的预报。接着提出直到最近，由于高科技的发展解决了人们收集天气数据时的种种问题，才使得Nowcast这种准确、及时的天气预报成为现实，可知文章主要讲述了天气预报方面的一大突破。因此D选项“天气预报的突破性进展”最符合文章主旨。A选项“艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿市的一场龙卷风”，B选项“什么是Nowcast”，C选项“传统的天气预报计算机模型的缺点”都只讲了文章的某一方面，不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A, B, C错误。4. 单选题Everybody knows that the earth is spheric

55、al, _?问题1选项A.doesnt heB.doesnt sheC.dont theyD.doesnt it【答案】C【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：每个人都知道地球是球形的，不是吗？当陈述句的主语是everybody时，反义疑问句的主语用they。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题Rosa is quiet and introverted (内向的), and she objects to _ her living room with dozens of people in the apartment.问题1选项A.shareB.sharingC.having sharedD.have shar

56、ed【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：罗莎安静内向，她不喜欢和公寓里的几十个人一起住在自己的客厅里。object to doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“反对做某事”，排除A, D。C选项having shared是完成时，和题干句子时态不符，排除C。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题The Government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the homeless.问题1选项A.whatB.allC.thatD.which【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：政府承诺尽其所能缓解无家可归者的

57、困难。what lies in its power是一个宾语从句，作动词do的宾语，what在从句中做主语。all不能引导宾语从句，排除B选项。that在宾语从句中不能做主语，排除C选项。which引导宾语从句是意为“哪一个”，不符合句意，排除D选项。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题We havent seen our neighbor for over a week. They _ on a trip abroad.问题1选项A.could goB.must goC.may have goneD.should have gone【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的使用。A选项could表示过去的时间

58、会做某事；B选项must表示必须做某事，C选项may have done表示对过去所发生动作的猜测，D选项should have done表示本应该做某事而没做。句意：我们已经一个多星期没见到邻居了。他们可能去国外旅行了。本句表示对过去动作的猜测。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题Their dog was a substitute _ the children they had never had.问题1选项A.asB.ofC.toD.for【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们的狗代替了他们从未有过的孩子。a substitute for是固定搭配，意为“某种东西的替代物”。其他三项不能和s

59、ubstitute搭配。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题After the very active and successful tenure (任职) of office by the Senegalese President as the head of the Organization of African Unity, it was highly logical to think that the successor, whoever he might be, would have a difficult task in doing a better job.The Congolese p

60、resident set to work as soon as he was elected. His first step was to suggest to the dean of heads of State present in the Ethiopian capital, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, to summon a meeting of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa. Its aim: to define a strategy in order to

61、overcome the reprisals (报复行为) that the racist regime of Pretoria is likely to take against its neighbors in case sanctions (制裁) are imposed by the international community.President Sassou Ngueso has already undertaken a number of trips abroad. He thus went to Harare (Zimbabwe) where he delivered a s

62、peech, on September 1, on behalf of Africa before the summit meeting of non-aligned (不结盟的) nations.At the end of September, he was in New York, for a statement before the General Assembly of the United Nations, and then in Washington, for talks with high-ranking members of the Reagan Administration.

63、 He then went to Ottawa, for consultations with leading members of the Canadian government.The Congolese presidents aim, in all these endeavors, is to convince still reluctant countries of the imperious necessity of imposing sanctions against the racist regime of Pretoria.1. In the first paragraph, the word “successor” refers to _.2. According to the passage, Denis Sassou Ngueso _.3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?4. We may draw the conclusion that President Sassou Ngueso has been working real