2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前模拟强化练习题28（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Mrs. Black finds that her piano has always had the magic power of taking her away from the grim realities of daily life and （ ）her to fairyland of her own once she started to play.问题1选项A.transformingB.transportingC.transplantingD.transcending【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。 tra

2、nsform“改变，使变形”； transport“运输，运送”； transplant “移植，迁移”； transcend “胜过”。句意：Black夫人发现每当她弹钢琴，她的钢琴就有将自己带离日常生活的糟糕现实并且将她带到自己拥有的乐园的魔力。由taking her away from the grim realities of daily life 及 to fairyland可知“将Black夫人从糟糕的现实运送到乐园”符合逻辑，答案B2. 单选题You should （ ）to one or more weekly magazines such as Time or People.

3、问题1选项A.subscribeB.orderC.prescribeD.reclaim【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。 subscribe订阅，后接介词to；order定购，预定；prescribe开处方；reclaim改造，感化，回收利用 ；由weekly magazines可知答案为A。句意：你应该订阅一本或更多的周刊杂志，比如时代或人物。答案A3. 单选题For most thinkers since （the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, some

4、thing that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can m

5、ake tools, or a symbol-making animal.More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in

6、previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called human nature. The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology （人类学）.The study of primitive peoples has

7、 discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was th

8、at the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of soci

9、ety, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate （天生的） human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to human nature in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.Another reason for skepti

10、cism about the concept of human nature probably ties in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoin

11、t that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.1.The traditional view of human nature was strongly challenged by（ ）.2.According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings（ ）.3.The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker in order to（ ）.4.The word “un

12、tenable” in the last paragraph （Line 3） of the passage most probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.the emergence of the evolutionary theoryB.the historical approach to manC.new insight into human behaviorD.the philosophical analysis of slavery问题2选项A.have some traits in commonB.are born with diverse culturesC.are

13、born without a fixed natureD.change their characters as they grow up问题3选项A.Emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human natureB.show that the concept of human nature was used to justify social evilsC.prove that lie had a profound influence on the concept of human natureD.sup

14、port the idea that some human traits are acquired问题4选项A.invaluableB.imaginableC.changeableD.indefensible【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第二段“More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approac

15、h to man. 最近人们开始对人性本质的传统观点产生质疑。其中一个理由就是人们越来越重视人类历史研究方法与途径。” 可知人性本质的传统观点遭到历史研究方法的挑战。故答案B第2题:细节理解题。根据第二段“An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common so

16、mething that can be called human nature.一项对人类历史的研究表明，我们这个时代的人与以前的人是如此不同，以至于认为每个时代的人都有可以称为共同的人性之处似乎是不现实的。”可知C项正确，答案C第3题:推理判断题。由题干的Aristotle定位到文章第二段“Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behi

17、nd which the most inhuman acts are committed. 另一个促使人们倾向于否定固定人性假设的因素是，这一概念经常被滥用，被用作大多数不人道行为的挡箭牌。”可知答案B第4题:词义题。invaluable “无价的”；imaginable “可以想象的”；changeable“易变的”；indefensible “站不住脚的”。由“Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in hi

18、s essence seemed untenable. 一旦人类开始被看作是在进化过程中发展起来的，那么包含在人类本质中的一种物质的观点就似乎站不住脚了。答案D4. 单选题The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainl

19、y in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the how to aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the how to material is based on personal experiences and general imp

20、ressions. As we know, in journalism, as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in jour

21、nalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles presen

22、t the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journ

23、alistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the

24、clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis （诊断）and treatment of the person seeking help.Another familiar situation is the job interview. Howeve

25、r, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, espec

26、ially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.1.The main idea of the first paragraph is that（ ）.2.Much has been done on interviews in general（ ）.3.Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview,（ ）.4.The passage is most likely a part of（ ）.

27、问题1选项A.generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers of journalismB.importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewingC.concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance in journalistic interviewingD.personal exper

28、iences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews问题2选项A.so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthenedB.though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attentionC.but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfor

29、tunately been neglectedD.and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing问题3选项A.but most of them wish to stay away from itB.and many of them hope to be interviewed some dayC.and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of itD.but most of them may not

30、 have been interviewed in person问题4选项A.a news articleB.a research reportC.a journalistic interviewD.a preface【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由第一段“As we know, in journalism, as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together ev

31、idence from which broad generalized principles can be developed. 正如我们所知，在新闻业和其他领域一样，我们可以从专业实践的系统研究中学到很多东西。这样的研究收集了一些证据，从中可以发展出广泛而普遍的原则。”可知第一段主要说明应该将重点放在专业实践的研究上。答案B第2题:细节事实题。由第二段中“Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. 遗憾的

32、是，关于采访的大量文献很少关注新闻采访”可知C项“新闻采访作为一个特殊的领域被忽视了”正确。第3题:细节事实题。由最后一段中“However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. 然而，实际上很少有人已当面被大众媒体，特别是被电视采访”。可知D项正确。第4题:推理判断题。由最后一句as this book indicates可知文章有可能是一本书的序言。答案D5. 单选题Sams close （ ）to his brothe

33、r made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.accuracyB.confusionC.probabilityD.resemblance【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。accuracy“精确性”；confusion“混乱”；probability “可能性”； resemblance“相似”。句意：Sam跟他兄弟长得很像，人们经常把他们弄混。D项符合题意，答案D6. 翻译题教育无所不在，可以在任何场合进行，可以在淋浴时，也可以在工作中；可以在厨房里，也可以在拖拉机上，教育既包括在学校的正规学习，也包括整个非正规学习的过程。从德高望重的爷爷奶

34、奶到在电视上就时政展开唇枪舌战的人们；从年幼的孩子到著名的科学家都可以是教育者。一个人从婴儿时期起就开始接受教育。教育是一项终身的活动，是人的一生中自始至终不可或缺的组成部分。【答案】Education exists almost everywhere. It can be given on any occasion, for example, when you are taking a shower, or doing a job, and even when you are in the kitchen or on a tractor. Education includes not onl

35、y the regular attending school for learning, but also the non-normal learning off school. Everyone can be an educator, from the highly-respected grandparents to the critics who have spurred a strong debate on current politics on TV and from young kids to well-known scientists, etc. One receives educ

36、ation from infancy. Education, as a life-long activity, is all the way the indispensable part of ones life.7. 单选题“（ ）are visitors allowed to feed the animals. The warning can be seen on the signboard in from every cage.问题1选项A.In any timeB.In no timeC.On no accountD.On any account【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。in a

37、ny time 在任何时候；in no time 立刻；on no account 绝不；on any account任何情况下。句意：“决不允许游客给动物喂食”，每一个笼子前面都可以看到这种警示语。C项符合句意，答案C8. 单选题Architecture, then, is an art, and any art must give us pleasure, or else it is bad art, or we are abnormally blind; we are in general too hardened and（1）to architecture as an art, and

38、 to the joy it may bring us. Its the constant nearness（2） architecture during our entire conscious existence that has（3） us in this way. We forget that it is an art of here and（4） , because it is with us every day, and（5） we must have houses to live in, we are apt to think of them（6） as abiding plac

39、es. Therefore we think of architecture（7） some vague, learned thing having to do with French cathedrals or Italian palaces or Greek temples, （8） with New York or Chicago streets or Los Angeles suburbs. This false doctrine has strengthened in us until our eyes are（9） and our minds are deafened to all

40、 the beauty that is being created around us today, and then we lose all the fine deep pleasure that we might（10）experience from our ordinary surroundings.问题1选项A.uninterestedB.unrelatedC.indifferentD.insensitive问题2选项A.toB.ofC.inD.from问题3选项A.foldedB.blindedC.sharpenedD.weakened问题4选项A.nowB.thenC.thereD

41、.after问题5选项A.thusB.thereforeC.thatD.because问题6选项A.solelyB.reallyC.practicallyD.invariably问题7选项A.ofB.likeC.asD.for问题8选项A.andB.butC.togetherD.not问题9选项A.closedB.dustedC.blindedD.dulled问题10选项A.otherwiseB.or elseC.probablyD.alternately【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:C第8题:D第9题:D第10题:A【解析】第1题:1.D考查形容

42、词辨析。uninterested不感兴趣的；unrelated无关的；indifferent冷漠的；insensitive 麻木的，无感觉的；由hardened冷酷的可知空格处所填单词意思应与其差不多。故D项正确。答案D第2题:考查介词辨析。 architecture后面的部分做constant nearness的后置定语，故用介词of修饰，此处意为人们认为建筑物总是在那里。答案B第3题:考查动词辨析。由or we are abnormally blind可知此处B项正确。正是因为人们的这种观点“建筑物总是在那里” 使人们对建筑物有了误解。fold 折叠； sharpen 削尖，磨快； wea

43、ken 减少，使变弱。 答案B第4题:考查固定搭配。 here and now此时此刻；here and there 各处；到处。由“because it is with us every day建筑物每天都与我们在一起”可推知“所以我们习惯认为建筑物到处都是，而忘记了建筑物是此时此刻的艺术”故here and now符合题意。第5题:考查连词辨析。由and可知空格处所填单词与前面的because并列，也是表示原因，故D项正确。再由空格后面的“we are apt to”也可推断此空表示一种原因，引出后面的结果。答案D第6题:A考查副词辨析。really 实际上；practically 实际地

44、； invariably 总是，不变地。由上文提到的“我们忘记了将建筑物看作是此时此刻的艺术”可知此处意为我们仅仅将房子认为是不变的地方，A项符合题意。第7题:考查固定搭配。 think of sth. as sth.“将看作”知C项正确，答案C第8题:考查连词辨析。由This false doctrine及上文“我们将建筑认为是与法国大教堂或意大利宫殿或希腊神庙有关而与纽约或芝加哥街道或洛杉矶郊外无关”。have something to do with与有关。答案D第9题:考查动词辨析。由空格后“our minds are deafened to all the beauty that i

45、s being created around us today 我们的头脑对我们周围正在创造的一切美好事物充耳不闻”以及and表示并列关系可推知我们的眼睛也对周围的美好事物比较迟钝，感觉不到这些事物的美。dulled “迟钝的，无趣的”；closed “关着的”；dusted“拂去灰尘的”；blinded “瞎的，不知情的”。故D项正确。第10题:考查连词辨析。前面提到我们的眼睛和心灵都屏蔽了建筑物的美。由此可知如果我们改变态度多体会的话，我们可能从普通环境中体会到这些深度的美景。A项最符合语义。or else 要不然，否则，其后一般跟完整的句子； probably “大概”； alterna

46、tely “交替地”。答案Afened to all the beauty that is being created around us today中的deafened 听不见的可推知空格处意为看不见的，故答案为A。 eyes are closed看不见的，闭着眼的。9. 单选题Womens critical role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been（ ）.问题1选项A.acknowledgedB.empha

47、sizedC.memorizedD.associated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析 。acknowledge“承认”；emphasize“强调，重视”； memorize“记住，背熟”；associate “联想，使发生联系”。句意：妇女在管理自然资源和保护环境方面的关键作用经常更多地被忽视，而不是被承认。由 overlooked more often than 可知空格处填“被承认”更符合逻辑。答案A10. 单选题Since John has such an （ ）to flying, I am certain that he will not want to go to Britain

48、 with us.问题1选项A.aviationB.aviatorC.aversionD.avocation【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。aviation “航空，飞行术”； aviator “飞行员”； aversion “厌恶，反感”；avocation “副业，业余爱好”。句意：既然约翰那么讨厌乘飞机，那我可以肯定他将不会愿意和我们一起去英国。根据前后句关系可知答案C11. 单选题The fire was finally brought under control, but not （ ）extensive damage had been caused.问题1选项A.beforeB.

49、sinceC.afterD.as【答案】A【解析】考查介词辨析。 before “在之前”；since “自以来”；after“在之后”； as“因为”。句意：尽管这场火灾最终得到了控制，但仍然造成了大量的损害。由but not转折否定关系可知火灾已经造成了大量损害，大量损害发生在前，火灾控制在后。故A项正确。12. 单选题Pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of royalty. Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousa

50、nds to greet them. The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive airplanes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and b

51、ody guards. Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported for, like Royalty pop stars are news. If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled app

52、earance in public. They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them. They are no longer private individuals, but public property. The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice can not be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.And why not? Society has a

53、lways rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. The great days of Hollywood have become legendary famous stars enjoying fame, wealth adulation on an unprecedented scale. By todays standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much m

54、ore in royalties than the film of the past ever did. The competition for the title “Top of the Pop” is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal!It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Dont the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their com

55、panies? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency-often more than large industrial concerns-and the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual contributions to the exchequer. So who would begrudge them their rewards?Its all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successe

56、s and rewards of others. People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it

57、has no right to expect very high rewards. He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. But a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. He knows that

58、 years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete. But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed; they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. Thats the essence of private enterprise.1.What is the authors

59、attitude toward top stars high income?2.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ）.3.Which of the following is true according to the text?4.According to the author, one who dreams of being a star should be aware that（ ）.问题1选项A.ApprovalB.Disapproved.C.ronicalD.Indifferent.问题2选项A.there exists fierce

60、 competition in climbing to the top of the PopsB.people are blind in idolizing starsC.successful pop stars give great entertainmentD.pops stars usually try to avoid paying tax问题3选项A.Pop stars get high-income repayment but are taxed less.B.Great contribution made by pop stars is limited to entertainm

61、ent industry.C.Successful men represent the tip of the iceberg.D.Pop stars shouldnt enjoy the life of royalty.问题4选项A.first he should look for a steady job with a pensionB.at last many people can climb to the very topC.great efforts will surely be rewarded with complete successD.the essence of privat

62、e enterprise is huge risks probably bringing high rewards【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由最后一段“But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed; they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. 但他也知道，成功的回报确实很高；这是对所涉及的巨大风险的补偿，如果他实现了这些目标，这些回报也是应得的。”可知作者认同这种观点即高风险与高回报是并存的。答案A第2题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“The competition for the title Top of the Pop is fierce流行音乐之巅的竞争非常激烈”，可知A项正确，答案A。第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“People who make enviou