2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题73（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such choice, for the j

2、obs must be carried on at the same time. Because we depend so heavily upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand,

3、 to support, and when necessary, to judge the work of experts. The public school must educate both producers and users of scientific services.In education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such balance is defeated

4、 by too much emphasis on any one field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the natural science, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphases among the natural sciences themselves.Similarly, we must have a balance between current and classical knowledge. The at

5、tention of the public is continually drawn to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of courses for beginners.1. According to the first paragraph, the

6、task of education is fairly complicated because _.2. Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?3. It can be inferred from the passage that _.4. The best title for this passage might be _.问题1选项A.the current public school system is too complicated to be understoodB.the public school

7、 system has no choice of what to teachC.it is difficult to decide whether elementary science should be taught in public schoolsD.the educators have to take care of both ordinary and gifted students问题2选项A.One of the major tasks of education is to discover the most promising students.B.In order to tea

8、ch effectively, educators are requested to lay emphasis on one particular field.C.Some subjects have been over-emphasized in public schools.D.The progress of the society cannot merely rely on inventors.问题3选项A.sufficient attention should be given to basic knowledgeB.students should learn more up-to-d

9、ate knowledgeC.lack of scientific knowledge will lead to poor relations between producers and users of scientific servicesD.students are getting to know the importance of a good balance among the branches of knowledge问题4选项A.Current System in EducationB.Educational Situation in Public SchoolC.Balance

10、 in EducationD.Importance of Teaching Science and Technology【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】According to the first paragraph, the task of education is fairly complicated because _. 根据第一段，教育的任务相当复杂，因为_。A. the current public school system is too complicated to be understood A. 目前的公立学校系统太复杂了，难以理解

11、B. the public school system has no choice of what to teach B. 公立学校系统对于所教内容没有选择的自由C. it is difficult to decide whether elementary science should be taught in public schools C. 很难决定是否应该在公立学校教授基础科学D. the educators have to take care of both ordinary and gifted students D. 教育工作者必须既照顾普通学生也照顾有天赋的学生【答案】D【考查

12、点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词task of education定位到第一段第一、二句，该处讲到“如果只需要决定是大规模地向每个人教授基础科学，还是找到少数有天赋的人，并让他们走得尽可能远，我们的任务就相当简单了（task would be fairly simple）。然而，公立学校系统没有这样的选择，因为工作必须同时进行（jobs must be carried on at the same time）。”，可知教育复杂在同时教育在某方面普通的学生和有天赋的学生，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“目前的公立学校系统太复杂了，难以理解”：文中没有提到公立学校系统复杂，属于无

13、中生有；B选项“公立学校系统对于所教内容没有选择的自由”：学校不能选择教什么样的学生，而不是不能选择教什么知识，属于偷换概念；C选项“很难决定是否应该在公立学校教授基础科学”：已经做出了决定，并且这个决定是必须的，那就是在公立学校教授基础科学，属于反向干扰。第2题:【选项释义】Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage? 以下哪一点文中没有包含在内？A. One of the major tasks of education is to discover the most promising students. A.

14、 教育的主要任务之一是发现最有前途的学生。B. In order to teach effectively, educators are requested to lay emphasis on one particular field. B. 为了有效地教学，教育工作者被要求着重于一个特定的领域。C. Some subjects have been over-emphasized in public schools. C. 公立学校过分强调某些科目。D. The progress of the society cannot merely rely on inventors. D. 社会的进步

15、不能仅仅依靠发明家。【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】此题定位到第一段第三句“由于我们的进步如此依赖科学技术，我们必须培养许多领域的专家（must produce specialists in many fields）。”，可知教育工作者不只教授一个特定领域的内容，和文章内容不符，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“教育的主要任务之一是发现最有前途的学生”：对应第一段第一、二句“如果只需要决定是大规模地向每个人教授基础科学，还是找到少数有天赋的人（find the gifted few）工作必须同时进行（jobs must be carried on at the same tim

16、e）。”，可知发现有天赋的学生是教育的主要任务之一，和文章内容相符，属于反向干扰；C选项“公立学校过分强调某些科目”：对应第二句第一、二句“知识的各个分支之间应该有一个良好的平衡（good balance）过分强调任何一个领域都会打破这种平衡（balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any one field）。”，以及第三段第二句“公众的注意力不断被吸引到科学领域的新可能性和新知识的发现（drawn to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowle

17、dge）。”，可知过分强调科学领域让知识的各个分支之间打破了平衡，符合文章内容，属于反向干扰；D选项“社会的进步不能仅仅依靠发明家”：对应第一段最后一句“公立学校必须教育科学服务的生产者和使用者（both producers and users of scientific services）。”，可知社会的进步不仅仅依靠发明家，符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。第3题:【选项释义】It can be inferred from the passage that _. 从文章中可以推断出_。A. sufficient attention should be given to basic knowled

18、ge A. 应该对基础知识给予足够的重视B. students should learn more up-to-date knowledge B. 学生应该学习更多的最新知识C. lack of scientific knowledge will lead to poor relations between producers and users of scientific services C. 科学知识的缺乏将导致科学服务的生产者和使用者之间的不良关系D. students are getting to know the importance of a good balance among

19、 the branches of knowledge D. 学生们逐渐认识到各个知识分支之间保持良好平衡的重要性【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】此题定位到第三段最后一句，该处讲到“这些不应该让我们的注意力从为初学者建立课程基础这一事情（established materials that form the basis of courses for beginners）转移开。”，可知应该重视基础知识，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“学生应该学习更多的最新知识”：对应第三段第一、二句“我们必须在现有知识和经典知识之间取得平衡（balance between current an

20、d classical knowledge）。公众的注意力不断被吸引到科学领域的新可能性和新知识的发现（the discovery of new knowledge）。”，需要平衡经典知识和新知识的学习，然而现在更多注意力放在了新知识，可知学生应该学习更多经典知识，属于偷换概念；C选项“科学知识的缺乏将导致科学服务的生产者和使用者之间的不良关系”：第一段第三句提出科学知识的作用，也就是“由于我们的进步如此依赖科学技术（depend so heavily upon science and technology），我们必须培养许多领域的专家。”；第四句提出广泛教育的作用，也就是“我们中的许多人必须

21、接受教育，以便于理解、支持并在必要时评判专家的工作（understand, to support, and when necessary, to judge the work of experts）”；第五句点出科学知识教育和广泛教育结合的重要性，也就是这两种知识服务于“教育科学服务的生产者和使用者”。综上所述，科学知识和广泛教育的缺乏都会导致生产者和使用者之间的不良关系，属于以偏概全；D选项“学生们逐渐认识到各个知识分支之间保持良好平衡的重要性”：文章没有提到学生的观点，属于无中生有。第4题:【选项释义】The best title for this passage might be _.

22、这篇文章最好的标题是_。A. Current System in Education A. 现行教育制度B. Educational Situation in Public School B. 公立学校的教育情况C. Balance in Education C. 教育的平衡D. Importance of Teaching Science and Technology D. 科学技术教学的重要性【答案】C【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】第一段通过点出教育的现状引出第二段的观点，也就是一边教育科学技术领域的专家（specialists in many fields），一边让许多人接受教育（l

23、arge numbers of us must be educated to understand）以维持社会制度的运行；第二段进一步提出需要在知识的各个分支之间保持平衡（a good balance among the branches of knowledge）；第三段讲需要在新知识和经典知识之间保持平衡（balance between current and classical knowledge），并且提出现在的教育已经失衡。综上所述，本文讲述了教育失衡的具体表现，并且呼吁重视教育平衡，因此C选项正确。A选项“现行教育制度”，B选项“公立学校的教育情况”和D选项“科学技术教学的重要性”

24、：是文章的部分内容，不能概括全文，属于偷换概念。2. 填空题The effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in foods prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. A B C D【答案】C in foods prices改为in food prices【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】C部分的food是统称，指的是

25、所有食物，为不可数名词，所以用单数food。【句意】主要由于政府逐渐减少在食物方面的支持，同时食物价格上涨，该国食物情况恶化。3. 单选题According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, todays traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surpris

26、ing in these hard times, the students major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life”. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the “

27、altruistic” fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the jobev

28、en before she completed her two-year associate degree.While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributionsbe th

29、ey scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for highe

30、r wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company, no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of busine

31、ssmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom, “Miss Baxter,” he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view, thats what education really ought to be about.1. According to the aut

32、hors observation, college students _.2. The students criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _.3. By saying “While its true that.be they scientific or artistic” (Para. 5), the author means that _.4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?问题1选项A.have never

33、 been so materialistic as todayB.have never been so interested in the artsC.have never been so financially well off as todayD.have never attached so much importance to moral sense问题2选项A.the influences of their instructorsB.the financial goals they seek in lifeC.their own interpretations of the cours

34、esD.their understanding of the contributions of others问题3选项A.business management should be included in educational programsB.human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC.human intellectual development has reached new heightsD.the importance of a broad education should not be overlo

35、oked问题4选项A.Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B.Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C.Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.D.People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】According to the

36、authors observation, college students _. 根据作者的观察，大学生_。A. have never been so materialistic as today A. 从来没有像今天这样唯物主义B. have never been so interested in the arts B. 从未对艺术如此感兴趣C. have never been so financially well off as today C. 从没有像今天这样富裕过D. have never attached so much importance to moral sense D. 从

37、未如此重视道德感【答案】A【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词college students定位到第一段，该处讲到“调查显示（According to a survey），如今传统年龄的大学新生比以往任何时候都更多奉行物质享乐主义（more materialistic），更少奉行利他主义。”，可知在作者看来，大学生从未像如今这样唯物主义，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“从未对艺术如此感兴趣”：文中没有提到大学生对艺术感兴趣，属于无中生有；C选项“从没有像今天这样富裕过”：对应第二段第一句“在这样的困难时期，学生的主要目标是实现经济富裕（be financially wel

38、l off）。”，这里没有把过去和现在的学生进行比较，而且学生并不富裕，属于偷换概念；D选项“从未如此重视道德感”：对应第一段“大学新生比以往任何时候都更少奉行利他主义（less altruistic）。”，可知如今的大学生没有以前那么重视道德感，属于反向干扰。第2题:【选项释义】The students criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _. 如今，学生们选择专业的标准与_有很大关系。A. the influences of their instructors A. 他们的导师的影响B. the financia

39、l goals they seek in life B. 他们在生活中追求的财务目标C. their own interpretations of the courses C. 他们自己对课程的理解D. their understanding of the contributions of others D. 他们对他人贡献的理解【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词selecting majors定位到第二段，该处讲到“在这样的困难时期，学生的主要目标是实现经济富裕（financially well off）由此可见（It follows then），如今最受欢迎的课程

40、（most popular course）不是文学或历史，而是会计。”，可知学生对专业的选择和其财务目标相关，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“他们导师的影响”：对应第四段第二句“我的一个朋友是一家化学公司的销售代表，她工作的第一年挣的钱是她大学老师的两倍（twice the salary of her college instructors）。”，这里只是讲到学生和老师工资的差异，并没有表达老师和学生选择专业的关系，属于偷换概念；C选项“他们自己对课程的理解”：文中没有提到学生对课程的理解导致对专业的选择不同，属于无中生有；D选项“他们对他人贡献的理解”：对应第五段第一句“我们的文明已经

41、在与我们自身相距甚远的领域积累了大量的知识，我们更好地理解了这些领域的其他贡献。”，这里指的是这些领域的贡献，而非大学生自己的贡献，属于张冠李戴。第3题:【选项释义】By saying “While its true that.be they scientific or artistic” (Para. 5), the author means that _. 他说“While its true that.be they scientific or artistic”（第五段），作者的意思是_。A. business management should be included in educa

42、tional programs A. 企业管理应该包括在教育计划中B. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed B. 人类智慧以极快的速度积累C. human intellectual development has reached new heights C. 人类智力发展达到了新的高度D. the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked D. 广泛教育的重要性不应被忽视【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干中出处提示词P

43、ara. 5和信息词While its true定位到第五段第一句，该处讲到“诚然，我们都需要一份职业，但同样不可否认的是（it is equally true that），我们的文明已经在与我们自身相距甚远的领域积累了大量的知识（an incredible amount of knowledge），我们更好地理解了（better for our understanding）这些领域的其他贡献无论是科学上的还是艺术上的（be they scientific or artistic）。”，除了职业需要的知识，我们还积累了大量非职业需要的知识，这里强调这些知识人们已经知道，并且非常重要，需要更多推

44、广，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“企业管理应该包括在教育计划中”：这里没有提到企业管理，属于无中生有；B选项“人类智慧以极快的速度积累”：这里提到人类文明积累了大量知识，但不代表人类智慧增长速度很快，属于偷换概念；C选项“人类智力发展达到了新的高度”：这里没有说到人类智力到了新高度，属于无中生有。第4题:【选项释义】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? 根据文章，下列哪个陈述正确？A. Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-mind

45、ed. A. 专心于事业的商人心胸狭窄。B. Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong. B. 老板们常常认为很难分清是非。C. Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only. C. 求职者不应该只关注眼前的利益。D. People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life. D. 从事技术工作的人生活更有意义。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】此题定位到第六段，该处讲到“每周我们都能

46、读到工会（unions）为提高工资而罢工（strike for higher wages），结果却把他们的雇主赶出了市场从长远来看，这是多么目光短浅（shortsighted）啊！”，可知工会罢工这件事目光短浅，求职者不应目光短浅，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“专心于事业的商人心胸狭窄”：文中没有提到商人心胸狭窄，属于无中生有；B选项“老板们常常认为很难分清是非”：对应第七段“但支持广泛教育最重要的理由是，在学习时代积累的智慧中，我们提高了自己的道德感（improve our moral sense）其中一个商人正在对讲机里说：巴克斯特小姐，请您派一个能明辨是非的人（can disti

47、nguish right from wrong）来好吗？”，这里的明辨是非指的是分清道德上的对错，不是说很难分辨对错，而是说人们道德感低，属于偷换概念；D选项“从事技术工作的人生活更有意义”：对应第二段第二句“培养一种有意义的人生哲学已经不那么重要了（meaningful philosophy of life）。”，这里指的是有意义的人生哲学，而不是人生因为从事技术工作而有意义，属于偷换概念。4. 单选题In the gloriously hot summer of nineteen fourteen, the murder of Austria-Hungarian Archduke (奥匈帝

48、国大公) in an obscure part of the Balkans provided the spark which set Europe ablaze.问题1选项A.indistinctB.unfriendlyC.impreciseD.unknown【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. indistinct 模糊不清的 B. unfriendly 不友好的，冷漠的C. imprecise 不确切的，不精确的 D. unknown 不出名的，无名的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】obscure的意思为“无名的，鲜为人知的”，用来修饰part of the Balkans，指

49、的是这个地方没有名字，非常偏僻，unknown与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】1914年炎炎夏日，在巴尔干半岛的一个偏僻地区，奥匈帝国大公被谋杀，为欧洲爆炸点燃了火花。5. 单选题The Romans were hardworking and frugal, self-reliant, serious about their responsibilities and steadfast in the face of adversity.问题1选项A.economicalB.cautiousC.courageousD.righteous【答案】A【

50、解析】【选项释义】A. economical 节俭的，节约的 B. cautious 小心的，谨慎的C. courageous 勇敢的，无畏的 D. righteous 公正的，正直的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】frugal的意思为“（对金钱、食物等）节约的，节俭的”，用来形容the Romans，指的是罗马人很勤俭节约，economical与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】罗马人勤劳节俭，自力更生，认真履行他们的责任，面对逆境也坚定不移。6. 单选题This website provides information and lat

51、est news about the latest gadgets with all its uniqueness and shortcomings.问题1选项A.devicesB.advancesC.operationsD.spheres【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. devices 装置，器具，设备 B. advances 进步，进展C. operations 手术 D. spheres 球体，球形【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】gadgets的意思为“小器具，小装置”，devices与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】本网站提供有

52、关最新产品的资讯和最新消息，并介绍其独特之处和不足之处。7. 填空题It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have something in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. A B C D【答案】B something去掉【解析】【考查点】从句。【解

53、题思路】that all leaders have something in common是修饰personal qualities的定语从句，其中that充当从句宾语，意思指的是personal qualities，所以B部分的something去掉句子才正确。【句意】似乎并没有所有领导人都具备的一系列个人品质；事实上，如果一个人的素质符合那个特定群体的需要，他就是公认的领导者。8. 单选题At the height of the war, more than a million people were displaced and confined to squalid camps.问题1选

54、项A.wetB.tinyC.crowdedD.dirty【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. wet 潮湿的 B. tiny 极小的，微小的C. crowded 拥挤的 D. dirty 肮脏的，污秽的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】squalid的意思为“肮脏的”，表示难民营很脏，dirty与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】在战争最激烈的时候，有一百多万人流离失所，被关在肮脏的难民营里。9. 填空题Looking at those stars, I grasped, for the first time in my life, the

55、awesome concept of _. (finite)【答案】infinity【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】concept of _是名词所有格，横线处应该是名词，结合在看星星的语境，infinity意思为“无限”，符合语境。【句意】看着那些星星，我生平第一次明白了无限这个令人惊叹的概念。10. 单选题The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, “High school Englis

56、h teachers are not doing their jobs.” He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.My topic is not standards nor its declin

57、e. What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to l

58、ook for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.The complainers think they have hit upon an

59、 original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generations of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensit

60、ive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to todays young people, it naturally follows that todays English teachers cannot b

61、e doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not commit offenses against the language.1. The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that _.2. In the authors opinion, the speaker _.3. It can be concluded from the passage that _.4. The authors attitude towards the speakers remarks is _.问题1选项A.the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that of the older generationB.the students had a poor comman