2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题98（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it con

2、tends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In sho

3、rt, driven by careerism, “the nations colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials （文凭）than in providing a quality education for their students. “The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of co

4、mmon learning. Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very

5、little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: “Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate ha

6、lf of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure （终身任期），promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally,

7、 a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.”1.When a college tries to be “all things to all people”（Line 1，Para. 1） it aims to _.2.By saying that “in t

8、oo many academic fields, the work has no context” （Lines 4-5, Pare. 1）the author means that the teaching in these areas_.3.One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that_.4.American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree c

9、andidates because _.5.It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for_.问题1选项A.satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneouslyB.focus on training students in various skillsC.encourage students to take as many courses as possibleD.make learning serve academi

10、c rather than productive ends问题2选项A.ignores the actual situationB.is not based on the right perspectiveC.only focuses on an integrated core of common learningD.gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students问题3选项A.a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many collegesB.student

11、s dont have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learnC.skills are being taught as a means to an endD.students are only interested in obtaining credentials问题4选项A.most of them lack high-quality facultiesB.the interests of most faculty members lie in researchC.there are not enough incentives f

12、or students to study hardD.they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching问题5选项A.putting academic work in the proper contextB.a commitment to students and effective teachingC.the practice of putting learning to productive endsD.dedication to research in frontier areas of

13、knowledge【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理题。根据文章第一段第四句，“The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context”,可知问题是给学生们提供了太多的学术领域，也就是太多的专业课程可以选择。选项C符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means,

14、 have become ends.”，这种教育涉及了很多专业领域，但是没有内容，技能没有变成方法，而是成为一种目的，所以这种教育的角度是错误的。选项B符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.”，可知美国大学当前面临危机的原因是越来越迎合狭隘的事业心，没有培养学生的全球视野。选项A符合题意。 4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“yet facul

15、ty know that research and publication matter most.”，可知他们认为研究和出版是最重要的事。选项D符合题意。 5.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus.”，可知教学生们基本知识，产生跨学科联系，并且将知识应用于学校之外的生活

16、是他们承诺努力的方面。根据第二段第一句，“Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching.”，可知高素质的教师和好的教学也是他们关注的方面。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now _ much of thei

17、r food.问题1选项A.deliverB.importC.produceD.develop【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deliver “交付，递送”；import “输入，进口”；produce “生产，引起”；develop “发展，进步”。句意：由于岛上的土壤多年来一直贫瘠，当地人现在必须进口大多数食物。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题All the investors in stocks must be（ ）to the risks in such investment.问题1选项A.realisticB.alertC.accessibleD.awake【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨

18、析。realistic “现实的”；alert “警觉的”；accessible “易接近的”；awake “醒着的”。句意：所有股票投资者都必须当心这种投资的风险。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be _， and therefore _ external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.问题1选项A.learned.

19、 immune toB.innate. unaffected byC.intricate. belong toD.specific. confused with【答案】B【解析】形容词词义和动词词组解析。learned “有学问的”；innate “与生俱来的”；intricate “复杂的，错综的”；specific “明确的，详细的”。immune to “不受影响的”；unaffected by “不受影响的”；belong to “属于”；confused with “对困惑”。句意：一些动物的行为，比如交配行为，似乎是与生俱来的，不受外来因素影响的，比如气候变化，食物供给或者同一物种

20、其他动物的存在。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Since the authors unflattering references to her friends were so _, she was surprised that her _ were recognized.问题1选项A.laudatory. stylesB.obvious. anecdotesC.oblique. allusionsD.critical. eulogies【答案】C【解析】形容词和名词词义辨析。laudatory “赞美的”；obvious “明显的”；oblique “不光明正大的”；critical “批判的”

21、。style “风格”；anecdote “轶事，奇闻”；allusion “暗示，提及”；eulogy “悼词，颂词”。句意：作者间接地指出了她的朋友们的不当之处，但是使她惊讶的是，这种暗示得到了大家的认可。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th _ the birth of Jesus Christ.问题1选项A.in accordance withB.in terms ofC.in favor ofD.in honor of【答案】D【解析】介词词组辨析。in

22、accordance with “根据”；in terms of “就而言”；in favor of “喜欢”；in honor of “纪念；招待”。句意：12月25日圣诞节是基督教的一个神圣的日子，为了纪念耶稣的出生。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.问题1选项A.enrollingB.assigningC

23、.involvingD.consenting【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。enroll “登记，注册”；assign “分配，指派”；involve “涉及”；consent “允许，赞成”。句意：1994年世界银行的报告总结道，学校注册招收女孩可能在现今的发展中国家中是对抗贫困最有效的政策。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题（ ）there was not a soul around except some cars passing occasionally.问题1选项A.Over nightB.At duskC.In the dead of nightD.Fortnight【答案】C【解析】词

24、组短语辨析。over night “过夜”；at dusk “傍晚；黄昏时刻”；in the dead of night “夜深人静之时”；fortnight “两星期”。句意：夜深人静时，除了有几辆车偶尔经过外，没有几个行人。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Language, culture, and personality may be considered _ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.问题1选项A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrelevantlyD.independent

25、ly【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。separately from “独立的”, independently和of搭配。句意：语言、文化和个性被认为是相互独立存在的，但是实际上是不可分割的。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must _ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.问题1选项A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear【答案】

26、D【解析】动词词义辨析。improve “改善”；enhance “加强”；guarantee “保证”；gear “开动，使合适”。句意：为了在国家激烈的贸易竞争中生存，我们必须使我们生产产品的数量和种类适合市场需求。选项D符合题意。11. 翻译题1.There was once a harmony town in this country where all life seemed to live in with its surroundings.2.The government has devoted a larger slice of its national budget to ag

27、riculture than most other countries.3.If there were only a dozen or so air molecules in my kitchen, it would be likely if I waited a year or so一that at some point the six coldest ones would congregate inside the freezer.4.Instead of a global village, which is a nice dream but impossible to manage, w

28、e will have invented another world of self-contained communities that cater to their own members inclinations without interfering with anyone else.5.Its goal is to find out how the world works, to seek what regularities there may be, to penetrate to the connections of thingsfrom subnuclear particles

29、, which may be the constituents of all matter, to living organisms, the human social community, and thence to the cosmos as a whole.Translate the following sentences into Chinese【答案】1. 这个国家曾经有一个和谐的小镇，所有的生命几乎和周围的环境都和谐相处。2. 政府把国家大部分的预算都用于农业，比其他国家都要多。3. 如果我的厨房里只有十几个空气分子，似乎我需要等待一年左右，在某个时刻，六个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里

30、。4. 我们不是要建立一个美好但是难于管理的全球村，而是建立一个由独立群体组成的世界，这些群体在不干涉他人的情况下迎合自己的喜好。5. 它的目标是探究出世界的运行机制，寻求可能存在的规律，并且渗透到事物之间的联系中去从构成所有物质的亚核粒子，到生物体，到人类社会群体，甚至整个宇宙。12. 翻译题Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will h

31、ave to accept more “unnatural food”.【答案】直到人类意识到把人口减到一半，直到能使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物，否则人们将必须接受更多的“人造食品”。13. 单选题As a person who combines care with _, Marisa completed her duties with _ as well as zeal.问题1选项A.levity resignationB.enthusiasm meticulousnessC.vitality willingnessD.empathy rigor【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。levity

32、 “多变，轻浮”；resignation “辞职，放弃”；enthusiasm “热情，积极性”；meticulousness “谨小慎微”；vitality “活力，生气”；willingness “意愿，乐意”；empathy “同感，共鸣”；rigor “严厉，精确”。句意：作为一个既谨慎又积极的人，玛丽莎细致而又热情地完成了她的职责。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题The mountain peak is（ ）on the horizon.问题1选项A.straddlingB.overlookingC.toweringD.dominant【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。straddling

33、“跨坐”；overlooking “俯瞰”；towering “高耸的，超越的”，侧重于与周围环境形成比较；dominant “占优势的，显性的”，be dominant on “占主导”。句意：山顶耸立在地平线上。题目中山峰没有和周围环境形成比较，在地平线上最显眼。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题It is ironic that the _ insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mere_.问题1选项A.original. clichesB.banal. beliefsC.dubiou

34、s. habitsD.philosophical. questions【答案】A【解析】形容词和名词词义辨析。original “原始的，最初的”；banal “陈腐的，平庸的”；dubious “可疑的，暧昧的”；philosophical “哲学的，冷静的”。cliches “陈词滥调”；belief “信仰”；habit “习惯”；question “问题”。句意：讽刺的是，这些伟大思想家最初的真知灼见经常被提及，以至于他们只不过变成了一些陈词滥调。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题The excursion will give you an even deeper（ ）into our l

35、anguage and culture.问题1选项A.inquiryB.investigationC.inputD.insight【答案】D【解析】名词词义解析。inquiry “查询”；investigation “调查”；input “输入”；insight “洞悉”。句意：这次旅行将会提供一个语言和文化的深入了解。选项D符合题意。17. 单选题In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, （ ）schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.问题1选项A.compellingB.forced

36、C.obligedD.compulsory【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。compelling “强制的”；forced “被迫的”；obliged “有责任的”；compulsory “必修的，义务的”。句意：在苏格兰，就像在英国的其他地方一样，义务教育是从5岁到16岁。选项D符合题意。18. 翻译题The bodies who play major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uni

37、forms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.【答案】这些年来，从事主要职业运动的选手们身高发生了巨大的变化，所以经理们很愿意调整队服，使其能够适合越来越多大体型的人。19. 单选题On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several yea

38、rs of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35, 000 a year, lost approximately $ 175, 000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $ 20 and left. On his second visit he lost $ 800. The casino issued to h

39、im, as a good customer，a “Fun Card”，which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.( 1) .In 1997 he lost $ 21，000 to one slot machine in two days.

40、 In March 1997 he lost $ 72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a. m. , then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a. m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It d

41、id know he had a problem. In March 1998 a friend of Williamss got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williamss gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admission

42、s” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(2) .The W

43、all Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun. and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams suit charges that the casino, knowing he wa

44、s “ helplessly addicted to gambling ”，intentionally worked to “ lure” him to “ engage in conduct against his will”. Well.(3) .The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of

45、 money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(4) .Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(5) .Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 hav

46、e casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on you might say addicted to revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers, dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamble

47、rs patronize 1, 800 virtual casinos every week. With $ 3. 5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Webs most profitable business.问题1选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. An

48、d he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he

49、won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss

50、suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling

51、is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题2选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the cas

52、ino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he

53、 did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble

54、this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conduc

55、ive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题3选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun

56、 Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gamb

57、ling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation

58、. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive be

59、havior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题4选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being

60、detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a comm

61、on feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it

62、.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be