2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解21

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1、2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Technology standards may be mandated by government or industry committees but a lot of standardization is left to the marketplace and is sponsored by dominant companies.问题1选项A.authorizedB.manmadeC.producedD.manipulated【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. authorized批准；授权 B. manma

2、de人造的C. produced生产；产生 D. manipulated控制；操纵【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词Technology standards（技术标准）和government or industry committees（政府或行业委员会）可推知，mandated是指“获得授权，执行”，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。【句意】技术标准可能是由政府或行业委员会强制执行的，但很多标准化工作都是由市场来完成的，并由占主导地位的公司赞助。2. 单选题In business to-business markets, sales of

3、 some software products languish because not enough independent software vendors write applications.问题1选项A.advertiseB.lastC.declineD.dominate【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. advertise（为）做广告；登广告 B. last持续C. decline减少；下降 D. dominate支配；控制【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息because not enough independent software vendors write appl

4、ications（由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序）可推知，sales of some software products languish指的是软件产品的销量下降，languish在句中表示“下降”，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合划线单词词义。【句意】在企业对企业的市场中，由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序，一些软件产品的销售受到影响。3. 不定项选择题There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprin

5、t. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, theres plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaperprinting presses, deli

6、very trucksisnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhe

7、ad may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that

8、transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was see

9、n as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldnt pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes,

10、 and theyd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if youre overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if youre

11、going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a yearmore than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.“Its a really hard thing to do and its a tr

12、emendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesnt have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But were going to have questions like that where we have things were doing that dont make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, its better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”

13、1. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to _.2. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should _.3. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a” legacy product” _.4. Peretti believes that in a changing world _.5. Which of the following

14、would be the best title of the text?问题1选项A.the increasing online and salesB.the pressure from its investorsC.the complaints from its readersD.the high cost of operation问题2选项A.make strategic adjustmentsB.end the print sedition for goodC.seek new sources of leadershipD.aim for efficient management问题3选

15、项A.helps restore the glory of former timesB.is meant for the most loyal customersC.will have the cost of printing reducedD.expands the popularity of the paper问题4选项A.traditional luxuries can stay unaffectedB.cautiousness facilitates problem-solvingC.aggressiveness better meets challengesD.legacy busi

16、nesses are becoming out dated问题5选项A.Shift to Online Newspapers all at Once.B.Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand.C.Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion.D.Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The New York Times is considering ending its print e

17、dition partly due to _. 1. 纽约时报正考虑终止印刷版，部分原因是_。A. the increasing online and sales A. 在线版和销量的增长B. the pressure from its investors B. 来自投资者的压力C. the complaints from its readers C. 读者的抱怨D. the high cost of operation D. 印刷成本高【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】首先定位首段首句“终有一天，纽约时报会停止在报纸上发表文章”可知，这是题干的同义表达，然后第二段第二句解释了其具体原因“制造

18、纸质报纸所需要的基础设施印刷机、送货卡车不仅昂贵；而且一个只提供在线服务的竞争对手却没有这样的经济上的限制，这是过分的”，从中可知，纽约时报正考虑终止印刷版，部分原因是因为印刷成本昂贵，D项“印刷成本高”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“在线版和销量的增长”、B项“来自投资者的压力”、C项“读者的抱怨”没有提到，这三项属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】2. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should _. 2. 佩雷蒂建议，面对目前的情况，纽约时报应该_。A. make strategic adjus

19、tments A. 进行战略调整B. end the print sedition for good B. 永远停止印刷煽动C. seek new sources of leadership C. 寻找新的领导资源D. aim for efficient management D. 追求高效率的管理【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据关键词Peretti定位至第四段第一句“佩雷蒂说，纽约时报不应该浪费时间退出印刷版业务，但必须采取正确的方式”，理解可知，佩雷蒂建议纽约时报应该找到一种正确的方法来解决这件事情，所以A项“进行战略调整”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“永远停止印刷煽动”，原文提到佩

20、雷蒂认为不应该浪费时间退出印刷版业务，所以该项属于反向干扰；C项“寻找新的领导资源”和D项“追求高效率的管理”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a” legacy product” _. 3. 从第5段和第6段可以推断“传统产品”_。A. helps restore the glory of former times A. 帮助恢复昔日的荣耀B. is meant for the most loyal customers B. 是针对最忠实的客户C. will have the co

21、st of printing reduced C. 印刷成本会降低D. expands the popularity of the paper D. 扩大报纸的受欢迎程度【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先定位第五段最后一句“我不会选择一年结束印刷业，我会提高价格，让它更像一款传统产品”可以看出，佩雷蒂认为不仅要提高传统产品的价格，还要将它变为一种可以传承的产物，接着第六段开头提到“最忠实的客户仍然会得到他们喜欢的产品，他们会觉得他们在帮助维持他们所相信的东西的质量”，然后提到如果每年增加一些比例，依旧可以创收，紧接着提到“如果你要做一个印刷产品，那就为那些已经对它着迷的人做吧”，综合理解可

22、知，对于最忠实的客户来说，如果把传统产品进行改造，那么对于他们来说这就是一件可以传承的东西，由此推断，“传统产品”是针对最忠实的客户，该题选择B项“是针对最忠实的客户”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“帮助恢复昔日的荣耀”和C项“印刷成本会降低”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“扩大报纸的受欢迎程度”，“传统产品”针对的是忠实的客户，让这个产品变成可以传承的东西，并没有扩大受欢迎程度，该项属于曲解原文。4.【选项释义】4. Peretti believes that in a changing world _. 4. 佩雷蒂认为，在一个不断变化的世界，_。A. traditional luxuri

23、es can stay unaffected A. 传统奢侈品不会受到影响B. cautiousness facilitates problem-solving B. 谨慎有助于解决问题C. aggressiveness better meets challenges C. 积极进取能更好地迎接挑战D. legacy businesses are becoming out dated D. 传统企业正在变得过时【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据原文末段最后两句“但我们会有这样的问题，当市场和世界变化时，我们正在做的事情没有意义。在这种情况下，积极进取总比不那么积极进取要好（its bett

24、er to be more aggressive than less aggressive）。”可知，佩雷蒂认为，在一个不断变化的世界，to be more aggressive（积极进取）才更好处理世界变化带来的挑战，C项“积极进取能更好地迎接挑战”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“传统奢侈品不会受到影响”表述过于绝对，该项属于曲解原文；B项“谨慎有助于解决问题”在佩雷蒂的观点中没有体现，相反他建议要有所改变，并且要采取正确的方式，该项属于反向干扰；D项“传统企业正在变得过时”中的legacy businesses（传统企业）没有在文中讨论，该项属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. Which o

25、f the following would be the best title of the text? 5. 下面哪个选项是这篇文章最好的标题？A. Shift to Online Newspapers all at Once. A. 同时转向在线报纸。B. Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand. B. 珍惜手中的报纸。C. Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion. C. 让你的报纸永远时尚。D. Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good. D. 让你的纸质报纸成为奢

26、侈品。【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先定位文章首段首句“终有一天，纽约时报会停止在报纸上发表文章”，可知本文讨论的内容是纸质印刷，然后第二段解释了抛弃纸质印刷的理由，接着中间四段介绍了佩雷蒂对纽约时报所面临的挑战进行的战略调整，即让纸质报纸成为legacy products（传统产品），之后，最后一段用佩雷蒂的话总结了当世界变化时，人们应该积极进取的迎接挑战；综上所述可知，这篇文章围绕的中心词就是print newspaper（纸质报纸），所以D项“让你的纸质报纸成为奢侈品”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“同时转向在线报纸”中的online newspaper只是文中提到的一个面临的挑战，

27、不足以引领全文，该项属于以偏概全；B项“珍惜手中的报纸”和C项“让你的报纸永远时尚”中的newspaper范围过大，本文的关键词是print newspaper（纸质报纸），这两项属于曲解原文。4. 不定项选择题Given the lack of between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adults who h

28、ad achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few, MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArhur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their pre-collegiate scho

29、oling if they had not been placed in advanced programs. Anecdotal reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About Oliver Goldsmit

30、h, one of his teachers remarked, “Never was so dull a boy.” Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated.Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts

31、 were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest. Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: “Because 1 had found it difficu

32、lt to attend to anything less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach.” As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong willed nonconformists. Nonconformity and stubbornness (and Yeatss level of arrogance and self-absorption) are likely to lead to conflicts with t

33、eachers.When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing prodigy studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by

34、 his journalist father than his English teacher. High-IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school

35、 and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.41. The main point the author is making about schools is that _.42. The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmiths teachers _.43. Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who _.44. Many gifted people attributed

36、 their success _.45. The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of their school years is that _.问题1选项A.they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgroundsB.they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented studentsC.they should organize their class

37、es according to the students abilityD.they should enroll as many gifted students as possible问题2选项A.to provide support for his argumentB.to illustrate the strong will of some gifted childrenC.to explain how dull students can also be successfulD.to show how poor Olivers performance was at school问题3选项A

38、.paid no attention to their teachers in classB.contradicted their teachers much too oftenC.could not cope with their studies at school successfullyD.behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers问题4选项A.mainly to parental help and their education at homeB.both to school instructi

39、on and to their parents coachingC.more to their parents encouragement than to school trainingD.less to their systematic education than to their talent问题5选项A.their nonconformity brought them a lot of troubleB.they were seldom praised by their teachersC.school courses failed to inspire or motivate the

40、mD.teachers were usually far stricter than their parents【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The main point the author is making about schools is that _. 1. 作者关于学校的主要观点是_。A. they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgrounds A. 他们应该满足来自不同家庭背景的学生的需求B. they are often in

41、capable of catering to the needs of talented students B. 他们往往不能满足有才能的学生的需要C. they should organize their classes according to the students ability C. 他们应该根据学生的能力组织班级D. they should enroll as many gifted students as possible D. 他们应该招收尽可能多的天才学生【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“有些有天赋的人可能在学校表现不佳，因为他们的天赋不是学术方面的”，和

42、第三句“但大多数人在学校表现不佳，不是因为他们缺乏能力，而是因为他们发现学校没有挑战性，因此失去了兴趣”理解可知，有天赋的学生在学校表现不佳是因为学校不能满足他们的需求，故B项“他们往往不能满足有才能的学生的需要”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“他们应该满足来自不同家庭背景的学生的需求”，不是满足不同家庭背景，而是满足不同才能的学生的需求，该项属于曲解原文；C项“他们应该根据学生的能力组织班级”和D项“他们应该招收尽可能多的天才学生”文章没有体现，这两项属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】2. The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmi

43、ths teachers _. 2. 作者引用了奥利弗戈德史密斯的一位老师的评论_。A. to provide support for his argument A. 为他的论点提供支持B. to illustrate the strong will of some gifted children B. 为了说明一些天才儿童的坚强意志C. to explain how dull students can also be successful C. 解释为什么迟钝的学生也能成功D. to show how poor Olivers performance was at school D. 来表明

44、奥利弗在学校的表现有多差【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先根据题干定位至第一段倒数第二句“关于奥利弗戈德史密斯，他的一位老师这样评价他：从来没有一个孩子像他这样迟钝”，作者引用奥利弗戈德史密斯的例子，在这里是为了说明天才学生对学校的评价都不好，接着最后一句指出“这些孩子经常意识到他们知道的比他们的老师多，而他们的老师经常觉得这些孩子傲慢、漫不经心或缺乏动力”更是证实了学校不能满足学生的需求，所以作者引用奥利弗的例子是为了支持他的论点，该题选择A项“为他的论点提供支持”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“为了说明一些天才儿童的坚强意志”不是引用奥利弗的例子的原因，该项属于出处错位；C项“解释为什么

45、迟钝的学生也能成功”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“来表明奥利弗在学校的表现有多差”并不是作者想要表达的动机，该项属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who _. 3. 巴勃罗毕加索被列为_的众多天才儿童之一。A. paid no attention to their teachers in class A. 上课时不注意听老师讲课B. contradicted their teachers much too often B. 太经常反驳他们的老师C. could not cope

46、with their studies at school successfully C. 不能顺利完成学业D. behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers D. 在老师面前表现得傲慢而固执【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段前两句“有些有天赋的人可能在学校表现不佳，因为他们的天赋不是学术方面的。也许我们可以用这种方式来解释毕加索。”可知，毕加索也是在学校表现不佳的天才之一，也就是说学业成绩并不好，故C项“不能顺利完成学业”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“上课时不注意听老师讲课”只是学校表现不佳的一

47、方面，该项属于以偏概全；B项“太经常反驳他们的老师”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“在老师面前表现得傲慢而固执”，根据第一段最后一句“这些孩子经常意识到他们知道的比他们的老师多，而他们的老师经常觉得这些孩子傲慢、漫不经心或缺乏动力”可知，不是天才儿童在老师面前表现得傲慢而固执，而是他们的老师是这样认为这些天才的，该项属于曲解原文。4.【选项释义】4. Many gifted people attributed their success _. 4. 许多有天赋的人将他们的成功归功于_。A. mainly to parental help and their education at home

48、 A. 主要是家长的帮助和他们在家里的教育B. both to school instruction and to their parents coaching B. 学校和父母的指导C. more to their parents encouragement than to school training C. 更多的是父母的鼓励，而不是学校的培训D. less to their systematic education than to their talent D. 他们的天赋，而不是他们的系统教育【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“当任何领域的高天赋学生谈到什么对他们能力

49、的发展是重要的时，他们更有可能提到他们的家庭，而不是他们的学校或老师”可知，许多有天赋的人将他们的成功归功于家庭教育，A项“主要是家长的帮助和他们在家里的教育”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“学校和父母的指导”，有天赋的人并没有把他们的成功归功于学校，该项属于反向干扰；C项“更多的是父母的鼓励，而不是学校的培训”，父母的鼓励只是其中一小部分，该项概括不全面，属于以偏概全；D项“他们的天赋，而不是他们的系统教育”在原文没有依据，该项属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of thei

50、r school years is that _. 5. 许多天才学生对学校有不好的记忆的根本原因是_。A. their nonconformity brought them a lot of trouble A. 他们的不服从给他们带来了许多麻烦B. they were seldom praised by their teachers B. 他们很少受到老师的表扬C. school courses failed to inspire or motivate them C. 学校的课程未能激发或激励他们D. teachers were usually far stricter than the

51、ir parents D. 老师通常比他们的父母严格得多【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第三句“但大多数人在学校表现不佳，不是因为他们缺乏能力，而是因为他们发现学校没有挑战性，因此失去了兴趣”可知，因为学校不能提供天才学生所需要的挑战性，所以他们失去兴趣从而在学校表现不好，这也给他们带来了不好的回忆，故推断其根本原因就是学校的课程没有办法激发他们的兴趣，该题选择C项“学校的课程未能激发或激励他们”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“他们的不服从给他们带来了许多麻烦”和D项“老师通常比他们的父母严格得多”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有；B项“他们很少受到老师的表扬”与他们在学校的表现有关，和

52、题干无关，该项属于出处错位。5. 单选题The plane _, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.问题1选项A.smashedB.crushedC.plungedD.crashed【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. smashed打碎；猛烈撞击 B. crushed压坏；压碎C. plunged使突然前冲（或下落） D. crashed碰撞；撞击【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据as it hit the ground（当它撞到地面时）可知，飞机是因碰撞而坠毁，空格处填入D项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A项是指用很大的力量移动某物使其猛烈撞击；B

53、项不符合句意；C项指突然向前或向下移动，不符合语境。【句意】飞机坠毁了，飞机上的炸弹在落地时爆炸。6. 单选题The Constitution guarantees that private homes will not be searched without a written warrant.问题1选项A.documentB.prescriptionC.receiptD.writ【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. document文件；公文 B. prescription处方；药方C. receipt收据；收条 D. writ（法庭的）令状，书面命令【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据Th

54、e Constitution（宪法）可知，warrant应该与法律相关，根据宾语从句内容“私人住宅不会被搜查”可推知，written warrant是指书面的搜查令，warrant指“授权令”，D项词义与之相近，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项词义不符合句中所选词汇。【句意】宪法保证，在没有书面搜查令的情况下，私人住宅不会被搜查。7. 单选题Children and old people do not like having their daily _ upset.问题1选项A.habitB.routineC.practiceD.custom【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. hab

55、it习惯 B. routine常规；惯例C. practice实践；实际行动 D. custom风俗；习俗【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】按照句意“孩子和老人不喜欢打乱他们的日常_”，daily routine是常见搭配，表示“日常生活，日常工作”，该题选择B项恰当。【干扰项排除】A项habit是可数名词，要加s；C项是指在一个特定的组织或情况下通常的或预期的做法；D项不符合句意。【句意】孩子和老人不喜欢打乱他们的日常生活。8. 单选题Qwest boasts that its digital infrastructure can transmit the entire Library of Co

56、ngress across America in 20 seconds.问题1选项A.superstructureB.instrumentC.facilitiesD.foundation【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. superstructure上层建筑 B. instrument仪器；器具C. facilities设施；工具 D. foundation地基；基础【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】infrastructure本意是“基础设施”，由后半句句意“可以在20秒内将整个美国国会图书馆的信息传送到全国各地”可知，能够传送信息，那么句中digital infrastructure应该指“

57、数字设备”的意思，facility指可供使用的设备或设施，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、D项不符合划线单词词义；B项instrument通常指能使人们完成某一精确动作或测量的一种小型仪器，尤指电工仪表、测量装置，航海或航空用的控制装置。【句意】奎斯特通讯公司自夸其数字基础设施可以在20秒内将整个美国国会图书馆的信息传送到全国各地。9. 单选题The talks have become _ with both sides refusing to compromise any further.问题1选项A.irrationalB.irreconcilableC.irrepar

58、ableD.irreplaceable【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. irrational不合逻辑的；没有道理的 B. irreconcilable矛盾的；不可调和的C. irreparable无法弥补的；不能修复的 D. irreplaceable（因贵重或独特）不能替代的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息with both sides refusing to compromise any further（双方都拒绝进一步妥协）可知，这次谈判是不可调和的，B项符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】由于双方都拒绝进一步妥协，谈判变得不可调和。1

59、0. 不定项选择题Flight simulator (飞行模拟器) refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating fight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute (1) actual fight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with

60、the vehicle (2) before they (3) extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also is useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new (4) to existing craft.Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first fight of Orville and Wilbur Wrigh

61、t. They were designed to enable pilots to stimulate simple aircraft (5) in three dimensions: nose up or down; left wing high and right low, or vice versa; and (6) to left or right. It took until 1929, however, for a truly effective simulator, the Link Trainer, to appear, devised by Edwin A. Link, a

62、self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton, New York. (7), airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit “blind” flying on instruments alone, but training pilots to do so involved (8) risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped (9) instrument panel and controls that could realistically stimulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls (10) instrument readings so as to maintain straig