2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题47（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Since about 1800,near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a rapidly increasing rate. The supply of these（1） is limited, and electric power is very （2） in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the on

2、ly （3） which can meet the worlds enormous（4）for power.Great progress had been made in harnessing the sun. Not only is the sun now used in cooking, （5） it also supplies power for （6） things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes. It（7）telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks, hearing aids,

3、 and even communication. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now being（8）with solar energy.The three most significant types of solar equipment（9） are the furnace, the still, and the cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air,（10）is then circulated through a building to make it comfo

4、rtable.Solar stills are （11） important because they can provide （12） water at a relatively cheap rate. Salt can easily be （13） from sea water with a solar still.The most highly developed type of solar （14） equipment is the solar cell. Some cells are so （15）that they can turn 16 percent of the energy

5、 they receive from the sun（16） electric energy. One of the cells biggest advantages is （17）it can be made either small enough to carry（18） large enough to produce a current that can run an automobile. Besides, it has a very long life. It is still too expensive for the （19）consumer but when ways are

6、（20）to produce it more cheaply, we can expect its use to be wide-spread.问题1选项A.materialsB.oresC.reservesD.fuels问题2选项A.abundantB.adequateC.scarceD.rare问题3选项A.meansB.sourceC.solutionD.resource问题4选项A.needB.desireC.necessityD.supply问题5选项A.moreoverB.besidesC.howeverD.but问题6选项A.someB.manyC.suchD.these问题7选

7、项A.connectsB.operatesC.drivesD.manufactures问题8选项A.heatedB.burntC.equippedD.built问题9选项A.ever sinceB.no wonderC.in allD.so far问题10选项A.thatB.whatC.whichD.it问题11选项A.speciallyB.especiallyC.essentiallyD.specifically问题12选项A.freshB.healthyC.boiledD.cool问题13选项A.dissolvedB.distinguishedC.dividedD.removed问题14选

8、项A.electricB.electronicC.powerD.heating问题15选项A.powerfulB.resourcefulC.efficientD.reliable问题16选项A.throughB.intoC.byD.with问题17选项A.howB.thatC.becauseD.which问题18选项A.butB.soC.orD.too问题19选项A.tipicalB.normalC.averageD.general问题20选项A.discoveredB.inventedC.disclosedD.revealed【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D第6题:

9、C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:B第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:C第16题:B第17题:B第18题:C第19题:C第20题:A【解析】（1）考查名词词义辨析。从上下文可知，these指的是前面提到的coal, petroleum, gas这几种燃料，所以空格处应该也填写表示燃料的词。选项D符合题意。（2）考查形容词词义辨析。abundant “丰富的”；adequate “充足的”；scarce “缺乏的，不足的”；rare “稀有的”。前文提到这些燃料有限，and后面的“electric power”应该与前文燃料一样有限，所以选项C符合题意。（3）考查

10、名词词义辨析。语意：一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一_能够满足世界对能源的强烈_。太阳能属于一种能源，所以source符合题意。means “手段，方法”；solution “解决方法”；resource “资源”，比如人力资源。选项B符合题意。（4）考查固定搭配。Meet the need for 满足 的需求。语意：一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一一种能源能够满足世界对能源的强烈需求。选项A符合题意。（5）考查固定搭配。Not onlybut also为固定搭配，also可以省略，意识是 “既 又 ”。所以选项D符合题意。（6）考查固定搭配。suchas意思是“像 这样”。选项C符合题意。（7）考

11、查动词词义辨析。与telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks搭配的动词只有operate，选项B符合题意。connect “连接”；drive “推动”；manufacture “制造”。（8）考查动词词义辨析。heat “加热”；burn “燃烧”；equip “装备，配备”；build “建造”。根据上下文可知这里阐述的是太阳能的另一个用途：取暖。选项A符合题意。（9）考查词组辨析。ever since “自从 以来”； no wonder “怪不得”；in all “总共，共计”；so far “到目前为止”。将各个词组的意思代入到

12、句子中，选项D符合题意。（10）考查语法知识。逗号前面是一个完整的句子，所以空格所处的句子是非限制性定语从句。只有which能够引导非限制性定语从句，所以选项C符合题意。（11）考查副词词义辨析。specially “专门地”；especially “尤其，特别”；essentially “本质上”；specifically “明确地”。空格中的副词是用来修饰important这个单词，来表示程度，“尤其重要”，选项B符合题意。（12）考查形容词词义辨析。fresh “新鲜的；淡水的”；healthy “健康的”；boiled “煮沸的”；cool “凉爽的，冷静的”。根据后面一句 Salt

13、can easily be_ from sea water,主语是salt，可知空格处是通过蒸馏来获取fresh water “淡水”，选项A符合题意。（13）考查动词词义辨析。空格所在句的主语是salt，语意：盐通过太阳能蒸馏器能够很容易从海水中分离出来。选项D符合题意。dissolve “ 溶解”，一般指固体溶解在液体中；distinguish “区分”；divide“分割”； remove “移除”。（14）考查名词词义辨析。electric “电”；electronic “电子”；power “电力；动力”；heating “暖气”。结合下文可知，太阳能蓄电池（solar cell）可

14、以产生电能(electric energy)，所以solar cell 是一种动力设备，选项C符合题意。（15）考查形容词词义辨析。powerful “强有力的”； resourceful“资源丰富的”；efficient “效率高的”； reliable “可靠的”。后面提到16%的电能转化率，所以空格处是说明效率高，选项C符合题意。（16）考查动词词组固定搭配。turn into“将 转化为 ”。选项B符合题意。（17）考查语法知识。空格处的连接词引导一个表语从句，从句句子完整，所以填入关系代词that。选项B符合题意。（18）考查固定搭配。either or “要么 要么 ”。选项C符合

15、题意。（19）考查形容词词义辨析。typical “典型的”；normal “正常的”；average “平均的”；general “一般的，普通的”。句意：对于_消费者来说太阳能电池还有太贵了。average people “普通人”符合题意。选项C符合题意。（20）考查动词搭配。空格处动词要能够与way搭配。discover “发现”；invent “发明”；disclose “公开”；reveal “揭露”。ways在这里是“方法”的意思，所以选项A符合题意。2. 单选题I work as an office assistant in a small but growing garden

16、 equipment manufacturing company in California. A few months ago,my boss gave me the job of writing some sales letters which would be sent to the existing customers of our company. The objective was to get some of our existing customers to purchase a new product that our company had just launched.No

17、w, I had never written sales letters before in my life and had no idea of how to write even the first word. And even if I ended up writing a few lines,because I was so inexperienced, chances were that the sales letters and business letters, would bomb completely and would hardly generate any sales f

18、or our company. So, in order to learn how to create more effective sales letter I went to the Internet and looked up a few sites which were selling samples, templates and examples of sales letters that claimed would “increase sales by 10 000%”. Because they werent too expensive, I bought 2 such pack

19、ages.Big mistake. I found that the samples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was going to send them to our customers. Even I would have done a better job of writing sales letters! So I searched some more, and came across

20、 a site belonging to a person living in Maryland called Yanik Silver. He too was selling some templates and samples of sales letters and business letters. After having been duped with 2 such packages, I was naturally suspicious. I read through his site and found that he was offering a money back gua

21、rantee. While that made me feel a bit more comfortable, I first had to determine whether this person would be around to honor the guarantee should I want to return the package. So I sent an email to him (just to test whether he replies to customers，emails) and I got a reply from him within 4 hours.

22、I also saw a comment in his site by one of his customers who had actually got a refund from him as soon as he had asked for the refund.Feeling more comfortable, I decided to go ahead and buy the package that he was selling. Well, I was blown away! The samples, examples and templates of the sales let

23、ters and business letters included in his package were precisely the ones that I was looking for. And they were far, far better than any of the templates included in the 2 other packages I had bought. I quickly customized one of the sales letter templates to fit my needs, had it approved by my boss,

24、 and sent them over to our customers. Within 2 weeks from the time that I sent out the letter, about 36% of the customers who received the letter ended up buying our new product. You could say that my boss was impressed with what I had done!Since then, I have written quite a few sales letters for ou

25、r company (simply by customizing the templates included in Yanks package) and all of them have generated excellent sales for us. So, if you want to learn how to write sales letters that get the sale, I highly recommend Yaniks package.1.The purpose of the letters the author was asked to write was to（

26、 ） .2.The sample letters and templates were so bad that （ ）3.Yanik Silver promises that （ ）4.To “customize” (the fourth paragraph) something means to “ （ ）5.This passage is most probably used for（ ） .问题1选项A.convey information about his company to new customersB.promote a new product to regular custo

27、mersC.increase the sales of a new product among regular customersD.explain the strengths of a new product to existing customers问题2选项A.customers complained about their content and formatsB.the author felt that he could have written better onesC.customers ended up by refusing to give any replyD.they a

28、nnoyed the customers and the boss, too问题3选项A.he will reply within 4 hours when he receives an email from a customerB.a customer will be refunded if his samples and templates do not workC.he will go over to customers to see what letters suit their situation betterD.he will pay the postage if the samp

29、les and templates are returned in a parcel问题4选项A.order it and have it delivered overB.change it and make it attractiveC.modify it to suit ones purposeD.purchase it on regular basis问题5选项A.promotionB.instructionC.guidanceD.introduction【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句话The objective was to g

30、et some of our existing customersto purchase a new product that our company had just launched，从这句话可知作者被要求写销售函件的目的是为了向他们现有的顾客推销他们公司的新产品，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段提到I found that the samples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was goi

31、ng to send them to our customers. Even I would have done a better job of writing sales letters! 作者在网上买的两页销售信件模板实在太差，他自己都可以写得比这个好。选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段提到 Yanik Silver将会offering a money back guarantee （不满意退费），选项B符合题意。4.文章第四段提到作者对Yanik Silver提供的模板很满意。I quickly customizedone of the sales letter templates to f

32、it my needs “我很快便找到了适合我需要的模板”，之后得到了老板的认可。由此可知，作者在原来的模板上进行了修改。选项C符合题意。5.文章是作者亲身经历，他向读者介绍了网上一个不错的销售信件模板。他是偶然在网上发现Yanik Silver这个网址，所以不能说是promotion (推销)，单纯地介绍了这个网址，所以选项D符合题意。instruction “指示，命令”；guidance “指导，引导”。3. 单选题I wanted to buy a colour TV set this year, but my brother rejected the idea （ ）a trip t

33、o the beach.问题1选项A.instead ofB.in view ofC.in favour ofD.in case of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。instead of “代替；而不是 ”；in view of “鉴于；考虑到”；in favour of “支持；赞成”;in case of “万一；如果发生；假设”。句意：虽然我今年想要购买一台彩电，但是我的弟弟想去海滩所以拒绝了我的这个想法。选项C符合题意。4. 翻译题The initial fund of general scientific knowledge is an invaluable asset, but t

34、he young research worker should have no illusion about how little it is compared with what he or she should acquire during succeeding years. As to the precise value of this initial fund of knowledge, this depends to a great degree on how it has been acquired and on who has been imparting it. (1) You

35、ng scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.The original papers of great scientists describing their discoveries and explaining their theories are never as rigid and self -confident as the

36、 resumes of these discoveries and theories in textbooks by other men often suggest. Young scientists consulting these original works will find in them it appears that”,“it probably means, “it seems likely that”n, more than once, as expressions of elements of doubt which great men felt and honestly p

37、ut on record. (2) Many statements which have appeared in textbooks as universal and absolute truths have, in their original form, been put forward as only approximately true, or true only in certain circumstances.Immediately upon starting on the first serious piece of research, a young scientist mus

38、t therefore do two things. (3) The first of these should be a careful reading of original papers or books relating to the problem, written by investigators whose technique and judgment he can trust. While reading these publications in a most attentive and receptive manner, the young scientist must n

39、ot fall into the error of placing in them a greater confidence than their author would wish him to do. (4) No great scientist ever wants his pupils to be mere tape recorders, faithfully recording his remarks, never questioning anything. Never wanting to add to or subtract from what he has given them

40、. The second thing a young scientist must do, almost but not quite simultaneously with the first, is to proceed with observations and experiments. (5) The initial observations and experiments will be failures, but they will help the development of appropriate experimental technique, and they will gi

41、ve a greater understanding of the literature the young scientist is studying.【答案】1.年轻的科学家们要尽快意识到现在的科学知识不像许多教科书所暗示的那样全面、肯定以及不可改变。2.教科书很多普遍且绝对的真理最初只是作为接近真理或者某种特定情况下的真理而提出来的。3.第一件事是认真阅读由那些技术和评价都值得信任的调查者写下的关于这个问题的原始论文或者书籍。4.没有哪位伟大的科学家希望他的学生仅仅像录音机似的原原本本地记录下他的话语，从来不问问题，从不想对他教授的内容进行增添或削减。5.最开始的观察和实验会失败，但它们

42、有助于开发合适的实验技术，并且它们有助于年轻科学家更好地理解他们正在研究的文献。 5. 单选题She often says her greatest happiness（ ） serving the handicapped children.问题1选项A.consists inB.relies onC.composes ofD.comprises in【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。consist in “在于”；rely on “依赖”；compose of “由 构成”；comprise in “包括在”。句意：她经常说她最大的幸福在于为残疾儿童服务。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题His

43、 opinions are very（ ） ; he does not want the situation to change very much.问题1选项A.conservativeB.flexibleC.sophisticatedD.radical【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。conservative “保守的”；flexible “灵活的，柔韧的，易 弯曲的”；sophisticated “精致的，久经世故的”；radical “激进的，根本的”。句意：他的观点非常保守，他不想让形式快速改变。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题The people will rebel if the

44、y feel that they are excluded （ ）sharing the wealth of the country.问题1选项A.outB.byC.fromD.without【答案】C【解析】考察短语搭配。be excluded from “从 中被排除”是固定搭配。选项C符合题意。句意：如果他们觉得自己被排除在国家财富分享之外，人民就会起来反抗。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题Doctors are often under sharp criticism nowadays for people believe they always （ ） too many medicines

45、 for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.prescribeB.orderC.deliverD.advise【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。prescribe “规定；开药；开处方”；order “命令；整理；定购”；deliver “交付；递送”；advise “建议”。句意：如今医生经常遭受尖锐的批评，因为人们认为他们总是针对小病开很多药。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题The（ ） prevents the people in the two neighboring nations from living in peace.问题1选项A.brevityB.amenityC.

46、enmityD.fidelity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。brevity “简洁”；amenity “舒适，愉悦”；enmity “敌意，憎恨”；fidelity “忠诚”。题干中提到有一种东西会阻止两邻国友好相处，这种东西很明显是enmity，选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Carbon dioxide and other naturally occurring gases in the earths atmosphere create a natural greenhouse effect by trapping and absorbing solar radiation. The

47、se gases act as a blanket and keep the planet warm enough for life to survive and flourish. The warming of the earth is balanced by some of the heat escaping from the atmosphere back into space. Without this compensating flow of heat out of the system, the temperature of the earths surface and its a

48、tmosphere would rise steadily.Scientists are increasingly concerned about a human-driven greenhouse effect resulting from a rise in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The man-made greenhouse effect is the exhalation of industrial civilization. A major cont

49、ributing factor is the burning of large amounts of fossil fuelscoal, petroleum, and natural gas. Another is the destruction of the worlds forests, which reduces the amount of carbon dioxide converted to oxygen by plants. Emissions of carbon dioxide, chloro fluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane f

50、rom human activities will enhance the greenhouse effect, causing the earths surface to become warmer. The main greenhouse gas, water vapor, will increase in response to global warming and further enhance it.There is agreement within the scientific community that the buildup of greenhouse gases is al

51、ready causing the earths average surface temperature to rise. This is changing global climate at an unusually fast rate. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the earths average temperature climbed about 1 degree F in the past century, and nine of the ten warmest years on record have o

52、ccurred since 1990. A United Nations panel has predicted that average global temperatures could rise as much as 10.5 degrees F during the next century as heart-trapping gases from human industry accumulate in the atmosphere.What are the potential impacts of an enhanced greenhouse effect? According t

53、o estimates by an international committee, North American climatic zones could shift northward by as much as 550 kilometers (340 miles). Such a change in climate would likely affect all sectors of society. In some areas, heat and moisture stress would cut crop yields, and traditional farming practic

54、es would have to change. For example, in the North American grain belt, higher temperatures and more frequent drought during the growing season might require farmers to switch from corn to wheat and to use more water for irrigation.Global warming may also cause a rise in sea level by melting polar i

55、ce caps. A rise in sea level would accelerate coastal erosion and inundate islands and low-lying coastal plains, some of which are densely populated. Millions of acres of coastal farmlands would be covered by water. Furthermore, the warming of seawater will cause the water to expand, thus adding to

56、the potential danger.Global warming has already left its fingerprint on the natural world. Two research teams recently reviewed hundreds of published papers that tracked changes in the range and behavior of plant and animal species, and they found ample evidence of plants blooming and birds nesting

57、earlier in the spring. Both teams concluded that rising global temperatures are shifting the ranges of hundreds of species thus climatic zonesnorthward. These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climate change, even though the change has just begun.

58、 If global warming trends continue, changes in the environment will have an enormous impact on world biology. Birds especially play a critical role in the environment by pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and controlling insect populations; thus, changes in their populations will reverberate thro

59、ughout the ecosystems they inhabit.1.According to the passage, how do carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases affect the earth-atmosphere system?2.What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about global climate change?3.According to paragraph 4, what is one effect that climate change could have on agri

60、culture in North America?4.Why does the author use the word “fingerprint” in paragraph 6?5.What evidence does the author give that climatic zones have shifted northward?问题1选项A.They collect solar radiation that warms the earths surface.B.They create the conditions for new forms of life to emerge.C.Th

61、ey cause heat to flow from the atmosphere into space.D.They decrease the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.问题2选项A.Climate change will have both positive and negative effects on human society.B.It is difficult to predict the effects of climate change over the next century.C.International organizatio

62、ns have been studying climate change only since 1990.D.Climate change is likely to continue as long as heat-trapping gases accumulate.问题3选项A.Return to more traditional methods of fanningB.Movement of farms to the northernmost regionsC.Changes in the crops that farmers can growD.Less water available for irrigating crops问题4选项A.To show that hundreds of fingerprints were examinedB.To introduce conclusive