2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题4（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题4（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题4（附答案详解）（29页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The agency is more（ ） with making arty ads than understanding its clients.问题1选项A.worriedB.caredC.attentiveD.concerned【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析、动词词义辨析。worried “担心的”，一般与介词about搭配；cared 是动词care的过去分词，be cared about “被关心”；attentive “留意的，注意的”；concerned “有关的，关心的”。句意：相比了解自己的客户，该

2、广告代理更关心艺术气息的广告。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题His opinions are very（ ） ; he does not want the situation to change very much.问题1选项A.conservativeB.flexibleC.sophisticatedD.radical【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。conservative “保守的”；flexible “灵活的，柔韧的，易 弯曲的”；sophisticated “精致的，久经世故的”；radical “激进的，根本的”。句意：他的观点非常保守，他不想让形式快速改变。选项A符合题意。3.

3、 单选题The realm of product liability is one that has always put legal scholars and practitioners at odds. Viewed by some as genuine efforts to protect the public from dangerous goods and others as an excuse for dirty lawyers to sue rich companies, the matter has yet to be resolved. Product liability,

4、and its implications for disgruntled consumers wishing to sue the makers of what they buy, continues to be debated.Those who argue that current product liability laws are positive assert that without such laws, manufacturers would be free to do as they please without regard for the safety of the con

5、sumers who buy their products. As a result, they argue, shoddy merchandise would emerge, with every possible comer cut in order to lower costs, at the expense of quality. Not only would the shoddy merchandise be a rip-off, however, but the products could likely be harmful as well. Proponents of this

6、 point of view hail the new wave of warning labels and increased quality assurance that has resulted from recent product liability legislation, confident in their conviction that it has made the American marketplace a safer place to shop.Opponents of the current status-quo, however, cite the overwhe

7、lming amount of litigation that has taken place as a result of stricter product liability. A moderate approach is advised by this group, between the necessary safeguards that world prevent abuse of the system by the companies and the excessive consumer-protection laws that allow producers to be sued

8、 at the drop of a hat. These people argue that greed and the alluring possibility of easy money lead unscrupulous buyers to look for any excuse to bring minor grievances to court, hoping for a million dollar outcome.As the situation stands now, the former camp is getting its way, reflecting societys

9、 priority of safety over economics. Recent lobbying by producers has begun to shift the tide, however. As abuse of product liability laws continues and grows, courts are beginning to note the trend and take appropriate measures, casting a keener eye on such cases so as to distinguish between frivolo

10、us cases and more serious claims. In regard to the future of product liability legislation and its relation to our ever increasingly litigious society, only time will tell.1.It is stated that consumers who bring product liability problems to litigation（ ） .2. Manufacturers in the text tend to（ ） .3.

11、Those who favor less strict product liability laws believe that（ ） .4.The authors attitude toward the issue seems to be （ ）.5. The main purpose of this text is to（ ） .问题1选项A.are primarily motivated by the possibility of quick money through a lawsuitB.suffer injuries from faulty merchandise and deser

12、ve appropriate compensationC.will find their options limited in the future as product liability laws will move toward a more moderate positionD.bring their issues to litigation based on both legitimate and profit seeking grounds问题2选项A.invariably produce dangerous products that require legislation to

13、 ensure safetyB.hold profit and cost-cutting in higher regard than consumer safetyC.be the victims of a legal institution that unfairly targets themD.be bound by the current system, causing them to take caution in producing their products问题3选项A.such laws curb producers ability to create shoddy merch

14、andise to attain greater profitB.the laws need to be modified to better serve the needs of both consumers and producersC.the results of such laws have been positive thus far, but need to be modifiedD.strict product liability laws are unnecessary and should be disposed of问题4选项A.biasedB.puzzlingC.obje

15、ctiveD.indifferent问题5选项A.present two opposing sides of an argument for the readers considerationB.educate the reader about the effect of product liability legislation on the legal systemC.convince the reader that product liability laws need to be changed.D.inform the reader of the current status of

16、product liability laws【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章提到如果产品质量有问题，消费者有权利提起诉讼；但是也有少量消费者由于贪婪而去寻求一切有可能的机会去获取大量的赔偿费（These people argue that greed and the alluring possibility of easy money lead unscrupulous buyers to look for any excuse to bring minor grievances to court）。选项D全面，符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句话后半句提

17、到manufactures would be free to do as they please without regard for the safety of the consumers，所以选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段第二句话提到采取中间态度的人认为既要预防产品质量带来的问题，也要预防过度的消费者保护，所以选项B符合题意。4.文章最后一段作者提到主张对产品质量严格要求的阵营占了主导地位，相关法律法规将会对产品质量进行严格监管，同时也会对消费者无聊的诉求进行更为严格的监控，但是至于结果到底怎么样，作者认为都要交给时间（only time will tell），所以作者是抱着客观的态度。选

18、项C符合题意。5.文章主要提及了现在产品质量法律法规，不同阵营的人对此持不同的态度，有的偏向生产商，有的偏向消费者。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Although he is in his fifties, his（ ） arms are as powerful as those of a young man.问题1选项A.energeticB.giganticC.muscularD.effective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。energetic “精力充沛的”；gigantic “巨大的，庞大的”；muscular“肌肉的，强健的”；effective“有效的”。句意：尽管他已经五

19、十多岁了，他充满肌肉的手臂像年轻人一样充满力量。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题The widespread adoption of the Internet and the Web makes it possible to administer questionnaire surveys electronically, potentially achieving much greater cost-effectiveness and permitting the integration of data from many resources. At the same time, there ar

20、e significant technical challenges that must be met, especially in the areas of logistics and sampling. Recognizing the need for innovation in this and related areas, the NSF Methodology, Measurement, and Statistics Program, in collaboration with a consortium of federal statistical agencies represen

21、ted by the Interagency Council of Statistical Policy and the Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology, has held a special competition on survey research methods. Included among the topic areas in the competition announcement is secure and easy-to-use methods of collecting survey data via the Web

22、.Todays leading social scientific surveys are very expensive interview studies of national samples. For example, the GSS administers a 90-minute face-to-face interview to 1500 American adults at a cost of about $ 500 per interview. However, the respondents are not a true random sample because cost c

23、onsiderations with respect to the interviewers travel require that respondents be recruited in a limited number of geographic clusters, and there is no list of residents from which a random sample could be drawn. The small number of geographic areas surveyed limits scientists ability to link GSS dat

24、a to other geographically based data such as the U.S. census. Because of the high cost and the many research communities that seek time in the GSS, it is impossible to include more than a handful of question on any particular topic. This prevents the GSS from employing much of the best methodology o

25、f measurement scale construction, which requires inclusion of a large number of items. Surveys like the GSS will be needed in future decades to chart the changing social, economic, and political conditions of the American public. But many types of social science will advance more rapidly through sur

26、veys administered over the web.Web-based surveys can reach very large numbers of respondents at low cost. They will be geographically dispersed so that their data can be, linked to the census, to local economic information, and to data from other web-based surveys. It might not be possible to hold t

27、he interviewees interest for the full 90-minute questionnaire of the GSS, but shorter duration surveys administered to very large number of respondents can in aggregate include, far more items, thereby permitting much finer measurement of scientifically interesting variables. The high cost of major

28、national surveys generally has restricted the topic studied to those that especially require highly representative samples such as family structure and economic status in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and voting behavior in the American National Election Study, data from both of which are now f

29、reely available over the web. A vast array of other scientific research areas, therefore, have languished from many years without the large-scale survey data that would permit knowledge to progress.1.Administering surveys via the Web would result in（ ）.2.The second paragraph is mainly about（ ）.3.Wha

30、t makes traditional surveys unscientific according to the second paragraph?4.The author firmly believes that Web-based surveys will（ ）.5.It is implied in the last sentence that（ ）.问题1选项A.the reduction of cost involved in data collectionB.secure and easy-to-use methods of collecting dataC.more convin

31、cing conclusions on the mater surveyedD.all of above问题2选项A.the differences between the Web-based and traditional surveysB.the advantages or the Web-based surveysC.the weakness of the traditional surveysD.the cost involved in conducting traditional surveys问题3选项A.The sampling is not made strictly rand

32、omly.B.The interview has to be conducted face-to-face.C.Improper questions are often included in a survey.D.Selection of respondents is often a matter of personal decision.问题4选项A.enhance the economic status of a nationB.promote the progress of social sciencesC.change social, economic and political c

33、onditions of the publicD.hold the interviewees interest longer than traditional surveys问题5选项A.many scientific areas stop making breakthroughs for lack of effective data collectionB.scientific, research still makes progress without large-scale survey data collectionC.the progress of knowledge depends

34、 on achievements made by all areas of science togetherD.scientific, research has made little progress before the widespread adoption of the internet【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段涉及到了A、B、C三个选项，achieving much greater cost-effectiveness 对应选项A，permitting the integration of data from many resou

35、rces，将许多资源整合到一起，从而使得这些资源的可信度更高，对应选项C，secure and easy-to-use methods of collecting survey data via the Web对应选项B。因此，这三个选项都应该包含在内，选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段主要是以GSS为例子来说明了传统的调查方式的局限性。如，由于昂贵的采访费用，这类调查只能在某些特定的地方进行，并且它所调查的对象也不是随机选取的。所以选项C符合题意。3.文章第二段提到由于采访所花费的费用不少，所以这类型的调查只能在特定的地区进行。因为取样的随机性不够（the respondents are not

36、 a true random sample），取得的结果肯定也会有影响，选项A符合题意。4.文章第二段最后一句话but many types of social science will advance more rapidly through surveys administered over the web 提到通过网站开展调查，许多类型的社会科学将能够更快地发展。选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段最后一句a vast array of other scientific research areas, therefore, have languished from many years提到许

37、多需要大范围的调查数据的研究领域一直处于低迷的状态。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things（ ）to teach you the art of learning.问题1选项A.thanB.rather thanC.norD.as【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。Not so muchas 表示“不是 而是 ”。句意：学校教育的重大作用不是教给你什么而是教给你学习的方法。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题In 1915 Einstein made a trip to Gottin

38、gen to give some lectures at the invitation of the mathematical physicist David Hilbert. He was particularly eager too eager, it would turn （1）to explain all the intricacies of relativity to him. The visit was a triumph, and he said to a friend excitedly. “I was able to（2） Hilbert of the general the

39、ory of relativity.” （3）all of Einsteins personal turmoil at the time, a new scientific anxiety was about to （4）. He was struggling to find the right equations that would （5） his new concept of gravity, （6）that would define how objects move（7）space and how space is curved by objects. By the end of th

40、e summer, he（8）the mathematical approach he had been （9）for almost three years was flawed. And now there was a（10）pressure. Einstein discovered to his （11）that Hilbert had taken what he had lectures and was racing to come up （12）the correct equations first.It was an enormously complex task. Although

41、 Einstein was the better physicist, Hilbert was the better mathematician. So in October 1915 Einstein （13）himself into a month-long-frantic endeavor in（14）he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy and wrestled with equations, proofs, corrections and updates that he（15）to give a lecture to Berl

42、ins Prussian Academy of Sciences on four（16）Thursdays.His first lecture was delivered on Nov.4.1915, and it explained his new approach, （17）he admitted he did not yet have the precise mathematical formulation on it. Einstein also took time off from（18）revising his equations to engage in an awkward f

43、andango with his competitor Hilbert. Worried （19）being scooped, he sent Hilbert a copy of his Nov.4 lecture. “I am（20）to know whether you will take kindly to this new solution”. Einstein noted with a touch of defensiveness.问题1选项A.upB.overC.outD.off问题2选项A.convinceB.counselC.persuadeD.preach问题3选项A.Abo

44、veB.AroundC.AmidD.Along问题4选项A.emitB.emergeC.submitD.submerge问题5选项A.imitateB.igniteC.describeD.ascribe问题6选项A.onesB.thoseC.allD.none问题7选项A.intoB.beyondC.amongD.through问题8选项A.resolvedB.realizedC.acceptedD.assured问题9选项A.pursuingB.protectingC.contestingD.contending问题10选项A.complexB.compatibleC.comparative

45、D.competitive问题11选项A.humorB.horrorC.excitementD.extinction问题12选项A.toB.forC.withD.against问题13选项A.threwB.thrustC.huddledD.hopped问题14选项A.howB.thatC.whatD.which问题15选项A.dashedB.dartedC.rushedD.reeled问题16选项A.successiveB.progressiveC.extensiveD.repetitive问题17选项A.soB.sinceC.thoughD.because问题18选项A.casuallyB.

46、coarselyC.violentlyD.furiously问题19选项A.afterB.aboutC.onD.in问题20选项A.curiousB.consciousC.ambitiousD.ambiguous【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:D第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:D第19题:B第20题:A【解析】（1）考查动词词组辨析。turn up “出现”；turn over “打翻，移交”；turn out to “被证明是”；turn off “关掉”

47、。空格处所在句子的句意是：结果证明，他极其渴望向希尔伯特解释相对论的所有错综复杂的关系。选项C符合题意。（2）考查动词词义辨析。convince “说服，使确信”；counsel “建议，劝告”；persuade “劝说，劝某人相信”；preach “说教，传道”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我成功地让希尔伯特相信了相对论。convince sb. of sth. “说服某人相信某事”。选项A符合题意。（3）考查介词词义辨析。amid意为“在 中”；above意为“ 在 上面”；around意为“在 周围”；along意为“顺着，沿着”。空格处所在句子的句意是：那时在爱因斯坦的所有焦躁之中，一种新

48、的科学上的焦虑将要显现出来。选项C符合题意。（4）考查动词词义辨析。emit “发出，放射”；emerge “出现，形成，浮现”；submit “提交，服从”；submerge“浸没，把 浸入”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第33题，选项B符合题意。（5）考查动词词义辨析。imitate “模仿，效仿”；ignite “点火，点燃，使激动”；describe “描述，形容”；ascribe“ 归因于，归咎于”。空格处所在句子的句意是：他正试图找到正确的方程式来解释他的引力的新概念。选项C符合题意。（6）考查替代词的用法。空格处的替代词所代替的内容是前文的 the right equations,因

49、此在选项A与B中选择。Those 与 that 通常用作指示代词，用作替代词时，总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语，此处用those不符合。所以选项A符合题意。（7）考查固定搭配。move through “在 范围内运动”。选项D符合题意。（8）考查动词词义辨析。resolve “决心，决定”；realize “意识到，体会到”；accept“接受，认可”；assure “确保，保证”。空格处所在句子句意是：在夏末之际，他意识到他追寻了三年之久的数学方法存在缺陷。选项B符合题意。（9）考查动词词义辨析。pursue “从事，追求”；protect “保护”；contest “争辩，竞赛”；cont

50、end“斗争，竞争”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第38题。选项A符合题意。（10）考查形容词词义辨析。complex “复杂的，综合的”；compatible “兼容的，能共处的”；comparative “比较的，相当的”；competitive “竞争的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：竞争压力很大。选项D符合题意。（11）考查名词词义辨析。humor “幽默，诙谐”；horror “惊骇，恐惧”；excitement“激动，兴奋”；extinction “消失，消灭”。空格处所在句子的句意是：让他感到恐惧的是，希尔伯特采取了从他讲座中学到的知识正在试图最先得出正确的方程式。选项B符合题意。（12

51、）考查固定搭配。come up with “提出，想出”。选项C符合题意。（13）考查固定搭配。throw oneself into “投身于 ”，选项A符合题意。（14）考查从句的连接词。通过分析句子可知，in _44_ he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy在句子中充当定语，来修饰endeavor。定语从句的连接词从选项B与D中选，其中 that 不放在介词后面，所以选项D符合题意。（15）考查动词词义辨析。dash “猛冲”；dart “投掷”；rush “匆忙地做，冲进”；reel“ 旋转，退缩”。空格处所在句子的句意是：他急切地

52、去普鲁士科学院做了四个连续的星期四的讲座。选项C符合题意。（16）考查形容词词义辨析。successive “连续的，继承的”；progressive “前进的，进步的”；extensive “广泛的，广阔的”；repetitive “重复的，反复性的”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第45题。选项A符合题意。（17）考查前后逻辑关系。空格处所在句子的句意是：尽管他还没有精确的数学公式。与前文存在让步的逻辑关系，选项C符合题意。（18）考查副词词义辨析。casually “偶然地，随便地”；coarsely “粗俗地，鄙俗地”；violently “猛烈地，激烈地”；furiously “激烈地，猛

53、烈地”。空格处所在句子的句意是：在近乎疯狂的学术研究过程中，爱因斯坦还抽出一些时间和他的竞争对手希尔伯特调侃。选项D符合题意。（19）考查固定搭配。worry about “为 担心”。选项B符合题意。（20）考查形容词词义辨析。curious “好奇的，求知的”；conscious “有意识的，故意的”；ambitious “野心勃勃的，有雄心的”；ambiguous “含糊的，不确定的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我很好奇你是不是会友好地对待这一个新的解决方案。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题The country had（ ） swiftly into open conflict with i

54、ts neighbors.问题1选项A.underwentB.plungedC.tightenedD.confronted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。undergo “经受，经历；遭受”；plunge “投入，跳进，陷入 ”；tighten “变紧，绷紧，拉紧”；confront “使面临，对抗”。句意：这个国家很快便陷入了与邻国的公开冲突中。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题（ ）of the grassland dwellers of the North American continent is the antelope, or pronghorn.问题1选项A.TypicalB.Th

55、e typicalC.Typical isD.While【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。分析句子可知，这是一个倒装句，正常的语序是：the North American antelope，or pronghorn is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent。选项A符合题意。句意：美洲羚羊，又叫叉角羚，是北美大陆典型的草原动物。10. 单选题I wanted to buy a colour TV set this year, but my brother rejected the idea （ ）a trip to the beach

56、.问题1选项A.instead ofB.in view ofC.in favour ofD.in case of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。instead of “代替；而不是 ”；in view of “鉴于；考虑到”；in favour of “支持；赞成”;in case of “万一；如果发生；假设”。句意：虽然我今年想要购买一台彩电，但是我的弟弟想去海滩所以拒绝了我的这个想法。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Some of this meat came from Canada. How about （ ）?问题1选项A.anotherB.othersC.the otherD.the

57、 rest【答案】D【解析】考查不可数名词的指代。meat 是不可数名词，前面三个选项一般用来知道可数名词，所以不符合题意。选项D既可以指代可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词，符合题意。句意：这里一部分肉来自加拿大，那剩下的呢？12. 单选题One cannot be really happy if（ ） he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.问题1选项A.thatB.howC.whatD.where【答案】C【解析】考查从句连接词的用法。句意：一个人如果喜欢做的事被社会认为没有价值而被忽略的话，他不会

58、真的快乐。分析句子可知空格处要填入一个引导主语从句的连词，选项C符合题意。13. 单选题The greatest devastation of old age is the loss of mental faculties, and with the near doubling of life expectancy in the past century has come the mixed blessing of living longer and losing more. A few great thinkers and artists remained productive in the

59、ir later years Galileo, Monet, Shaw, Stravinsky, Tolstoy but even they were not what they had been in their primes. In science, the boom falls sooner still:“ person who has not made his great contribution to science before the age of 30 will never do so,”said Einstein.Imagine if we could transplant

60、old brains into younger bodies: would our minds stay young, or would we be senile teenagers, scaling mountains and skateboarding at 120, but forgetting where we put the car keys? Is the brain uniquely vulnerable to the ravages of time? Can anything be done?Incontrovertible evidence from many studies

61、 shows that a higher level of education and greater mental activity throughout life correlate with lower cognitive losses in old age. These benefits apply to all sorts of cognitive losses, including those associated with Alzheimers. Some researchers believe that mental application in early life prod

62、uces complex neural connections that provide a reserve later onothers argue that education merely gives people the means to cope with and compensate for their losses.K. Warner Schaie, a professor of human development and psychology at Pennsylvania State University, has studied age-related change in more