2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前模拟强化练习题10（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker “sell” his or her ideas to an audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listener interest.A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关系)

2、 with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, whet

3、her from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table, are “regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest.”To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the s

4、treet. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and moni

5、tor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues (暗示) from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have

6、pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.1. This passage is mainly concerned with _.2. According to the passage, a good speaker must _.3. The word “target” in the last sentence of the second paragraph can best be replaced by _.4

7、. In daily life, when the glances of two passers-by happen to meet, these two persons will inevitably _.5. Eye contact with an audience, according to the author, has all the following benefits for the speaker EXCEPT that it doesnt _.问题1选项A.the importance of eye contactB.the potency of nonverbal tech

8、niquesC.successful speech deliveryD.an effective way to gain visual feedbacks问题2选项A.“sell” his or her ideas to an audienceB.maintain direct eye contact with listenersC.be very persuasive and believableD.be exceptionally well-disposed问题3选项A.“destination”B.“goal”C.“audience”D.“followers”问题4选项A.smile t

9、o each otherB.feel awkward and look away immediatelyC.try to make a conversation with each otherD.none of the above问题5选项A.help the speaker to control the audienceB.help the speaker to gain audience interest and esteemC.help the speaker to know whether he is talking too much about a certain pointD.he

10、lp the speaker to analyze his audience when he is beginning his speech【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章首先提出了目光接触这个技巧，接着介绍了具体的做法以及它发挥的重要作用。因此A选项“目光接触的重要性”最符合文章主旨。B选项“非语言技巧的效力”，文章只介绍了目光接触这一种非语言技巧，而不是对非语言技巧效力的概述，所以B错误。C选项“成功的演讲”，良好的目光接触只是成功演讲的因素之一，C选项过于宽泛，所以C错误。D选项“获得视觉反馈的一种有效方法”只是目光接触

11、的作用之一，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience.（一个成功的演讲者必须与听众保持目光接触。），说明本文认为成功的演讲者必须与听众保持目光接触。因此B选项“与听众保持直接的目光接触”正确。A选项“向听众推销他或她的想法”，C选项“具有很强的说服力和可信度”，D选项“非常友好”都是保持目光接触起到的作用和结果，所以A, C, D错误。3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“target”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句People who

12、 maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium or from across the table, are “regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest.”（无论是在讲台上还是在桌子对面讲话时，保持目光接触的人“不仅会被他们的听众视为非常友好的人，而且会被视为更可信、更认真的人。”），说明“target”在文中是指“讲话的听众”的意思。因此C选项“听众”正确。

13、A选项“目的地”，B选项“目标”，D选项“追随者”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At

14、the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.（为了显示目光交流在日常生活中的作用，我们只需要考虑路人在街上偶然相遇时的目光是如何表现的。一个极端是那些在目光接触时觉得必须微笑的人。另一种极端是那些感到尴尬，会立刻把目光移开的人。进行目光交流，似乎是为了与某人建立某种联系。），说明在日常生活中在这种情况下，不同的人有不同的反应或表现，并不是非做出某种表现或反应

15、不可。A选项“向对方微笑”，B选项“感到尴尬并立即移开目光”是两种极端的情况，不代表一定会发生，所以A, B错误。C选项“试图与对方进行交谈”，建立联系不一定意味着进行谈话，所以C错误。因此D选项“以上都不是”正确。5.客观细节题。A选项“帮助演讲者控制听众”，由原文Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker “sell” his or her ideas to an audience.（目光接触是一种非语言技巧，有助于演讲者向听众“推销”他或她的想法。）可知，目光接触有助于让听众认同演讲者的想法，是对听众的一种控制，

16、A选项属于目光接触的好处，排除A。B选项“帮助演讲者获得听众的兴趣和尊重”，由原文Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem.（有些演讲者只专注于他们的笔记。有些人的目光越过听众的头顶。两种做法都有可能失去观众的兴趣和尊重。）可知，目光接触有助于演讲者获得听众的兴趣和尊重，B选项属于目光接触的好处，排除B。C选项“帮助演讲者了解他是否在某一点上说

17、得太多了”，由原文Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long（听众的视觉线索可以表明演讲拖沓，演讲者在某一点上停留的时间过长）可知，目光接触有助于演讲者了解自己的演讲是否冗长，C选项属于目光接触的好处，排除C。D选项“帮助演讲者在开始演讲时分析他的听众”，由原文Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know

18、 and monitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech.（与听众的目光接触也能让演讲者了解并观察听众。事实上，这对于在演讲中分析听众是必不可少的。）可知，目光接触有助于演讲者在演讲全程分析听众，而不只是演讲开始时，D选项表述不符合原文，所以本题选D。2. 单选题Much of Canadas forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. According to Canadian Pulp an

19、d Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the worlds wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and enviro

20、nmentalists: a plant called hemp.Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fiber which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables

21、 used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading network would not have been feasible without hemp. Nowadays, ships cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibers, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp hold be revived for the pr

22、oduction of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canadas forests.However, there is a problem: hemp is ille

23、gal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the

24、cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fiber-producing hemp plant. In fact, marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug).In recent years, a movement for legalization have been gat

25、hering strength. It is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fiber; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fiber foe paper and pulp production.1. Why is pulp and paper production important to Canada?2. Why was the plant hemp essential to world-wide trade i

26、n the past?3. Why do agriculturalists think that hemp would be better for paper production than trees?4. Why was hemp banned?5. “According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees.” What does “proponents” mean?问题1选项A.Canada needs to find a wa

27、y to use all its spare wood.B.Canada publishes a lot of newspapers and books.C.Pulp and paper export is a major source of income for Canada.D.Hemp is a traditional plant of Canada.问题2选项A.Ships ropes were made from it.B.Hemp was a very profitable export.C.Hemp was used as fuel for ships.D.Hemp was us

28、ed as food for sailors.问题3选项A.It is cheaper to grow hemp than to cut down trees.B.More paper can be produced from the same area of land.C.Hemp produces higher quality paper.D.It causes less pollution of the environment.问题4选项A.It is related to the marijuana plant.B.It can be used to produce marijuana

29、.C.It was no longer a useful crop.D.It was destructive to the land.问题5选项A.People who are against something.B.People who support something.C.People in charge of something.D.People who do research on something.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句According to Canadian Pulp and Pape

30、r Association, Canada supplies 34% of the worlds wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper.（根据加拿大纸浆和纸制品协会的数据，加拿大提供全世界34%的木浆和49%的新闻纸。），说明加拿大的纸浆和纸制品出口量大，是加拿大重要的收入来源。因此C选项“纸浆和纸张的出口是加拿大的一个主要收入来源”正确。A选项“加拿大需要找到一种方法来使用其所有的闲置木材”，由原文可知，人们是希望保护森林资源，所以A错误。B选项“加拿大出版了大量的报纸和书籍”在文中没有提及，所以B错误。D选项“大麻是加拿大的一种传统植物”表述与问

31、题无关，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句For centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships（几个世纪以来，它对许多国家的经济至关重要，因为它被用于制造帆船上的绳索和缆绳），说明它对许多国家的经济来说举足轻重是因为它可以用来制造缆绳。因此A选项“船用绳索是由它制成的”正确。B选项“大麻是利润丰厚的出口产品”，C选项“大麻被用作船只的燃料”，D选项“

32、大麻被用作水手的食物”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canadas forests.（根据其支持者的说法，使

33、用大麻而不是树木可以在土地上生产四倍多的纸，许多环保人士认为，大麻的大规模种植可以减轻加拿大森林的压力。），说明大麻造纸的优势在于产纸量大，从而减少树木的砍伐量，保护环境。因此B选项“同样面积的土地可以生产更多的纸”正确。A选项“种植大麻比砍伐树木要便宜”，C选项“大麻生产的纸张质量更高”，D选项“它对环境造成的污染较少”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the worldrelated to the p

34、lant from which marijuana is produced.（然而，有一个问题：大麻对于世界上的许多国家来说是非法的与生产大麻毒品的植物有关。），说明大麻被禁是因为它和生产大麻毒品的植物有关。因此A选项“与生产大麻毒品的植物有关”正确。B选项“可以用来生产大麻”，由原文可知，大麻不能从大麻植物中提取，所以B错误。C选项“不再是一种有用的作物”，由原文可知，大麻有很多作用，所以C错误。D选项“对土地有破坏性”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。5.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句According to its proponents, four times as much

35、paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees（根据其支持者的说法，使用大麻而不是树木可以在土地上生产四倍多的纸），前一句说到环境学家们提议用大麻代替树木造纸，介绍了大麻造纸有什么好处，可以推断出“proponents”在文中是指“支持这一建议的人”。因此B选项“支持某事的人”正确。A选项“反对某事的人”，C选项“负责某事的人”，D选项“对某事做研究的人”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。3. 单选题We _ so as not to wake the child.问题1选项A.whisperedB.moanedC.

36、gruntedD.muttered【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项whispered“低声地说”；B选项moaned“呻吟”；C选项grunted“咕哝着说”；D选项muttered“喃喃自语”。句意：我们低声说话，以免吵醒孩子。本句表示低声说话。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Almost every layman I have met exhibits _ and how they are written.问题1选项A.the real curiosity about the songsB.a real curiosity about the songsC.real curiosity

37、 about the songsD.a real curiosity about songs【答案】D【解析】考查冠词的使用。句意：几乎我见过的每一个外行都对这些歌曲以及它们是如何被写出来的充满好奇。curiosity虽是不可数名词，因其前面有形容词real，故可以和不定冠词a连用，排除A, C。songs是泛指，不需要加定冠词the，排除B。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题According to new research of Prof. Randolf Menzel from the Free University in Berlin, the popular image of bees a

38、s the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate. “Although we see bees buzzing around tirelessly in spring and summer, the common belief in a bees busy nature is based on a misconception,” he said. People only really see bees when theyre out flying, or they look at a colony of bees and see thousands of t

39、hem buzzing around. They dont get to pick them out as individuals. The professor, who this month won a German Zoological Society award for his work on bees, added that bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence, advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.The sugg

40、estion that bees were not pulling their weight met with skepticism from British beekeepers. Glyn Davies, the President of the British Beekeepers Association, said that bees were not lazy but efficient, “At any particular stage in its energy by doing nothing. Each bee has a unit of life energy and th

41、e faster it works, the faster it dies. They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens.”The idea of the busy bee is several thousand years old. One current author who has nothing but admiration for the bee is Paul Theroux

42、, the novelist and part-time beekeeper.” I have never seen a bee sleeping. My bees never stop working,” he said. Mr. Theroux added that Prof. Menzels research could have been affected by his national origins. “Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look lazy,” he said.Few peo

43、ple think that the busy bee idea will go away, despite the efforts of Prof. Menzel. It seems absurd to apply the word “lazy” to a colony of creatures capable of producing something so extraordinary as honeycomb. The truth is that bees give us an inferiority complex that is not entirely unjustified.

44、In fact, the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance. IBM recently ran a series of ads drawing on the “waggle dance” of bees, telling businessmen to “make your business waggle.”1. Prof. Randolf Menzels latest research _.2. Prof. Randolf Menzel would disagree that _.3. According to Glyn

45、Davies, what should we learn from bees?4. It could be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the Germans _.5. The IBM ads in the passage are used to _.问题1选项A.challenges our knowledge of the relations among beesB.confirms our knowledge of the relations among beesC.challenges our perception of the nature of b

46、eesD.confirms our perception of the nature of bees问题2选项A.bees are hardworkingB.bees are quick learnersC.bees have intelligenceD.bees have good memory问题3选项A.How to work faster.B.How to live longer.C.How to cooperate with each other.D.How to improve work efficiency.问题4选项A.are easily affected by their

47、national charactersB.are extremely busy and hard workingC.have many things in common with beesD.tend to look down upon lazy people问题5选项A.show the popularity of the idea of busy beesB.emphasize the negative image of busy beesC.initiate public discussions on the busy bee imageD.question the comparison

48、 of busy bees to humans【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句According to new research of Prof. Randolf Menzel from the Free University in Berlin, the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate.（根据柏林自由大学兰道夫门泽尔教授的最新研究，蜜蜂广为流传的终极辛勤工作者形象是不准确的。），说明最新研究表明人们之前对蜜蜂的印

49、象是不准确的。因此C选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”正确。A选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，B选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，本文讨论的不是蜜蜂之间的关系，所以A, B错误。D选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence, advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、记忆力和快速学习能力来弥补它

50、们明显的懒惰。），说明兰道夫门泽尔教授不同意蜜蜂很勤劳的观点。因此A选项“蜜蜂是勤劳的”正确。B选项“蜜蜂的学习能力很强”，C选项“蜜蜂有高智商”，D选项“蜜蜂有良好的记忆力”都是教授认同的蜜蜂的优势，所以B, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段Glyn Davies, the President of the British Beekeepers Association, said that bees were not lazy but efficientand perhaps humans should try to follow their example inst

51、ead of running about like headless chickens.（英国养蜂人协会的主席格林戴维斯说，蜜蜂不是懒惰而是有效率也许人类应该向它们学习，而不是像无头鸡一样跑来跑去。），说明格林戴维斯认为人类应该向蜜蜂学习如何提高工作效率。因此D选项“如何提高工作的效率”正确。A选项“如何更快地工作”，B选项“如何活得更久”，C选项“如何相互合作”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look laz

52、y（也许与德国的工作效率相比，蜜蜂确实看起来很懒），说明德国人很忙碌，工作很勤奋，蜜蜂和其对比起来就显得比较懒惰。因此B选项“非常忙碌和努力工作”正确。A选项“容易受到民族性格的影响”，原文说的是门泽尔教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影响，而不是说德国人，所以A错误。C选项“与蜜蜂有许多共同之处”，D选项“倾向于看不起懒惰的人”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段，作者指出，虽然有最新研究的结果，但蜜蜂忙碌勤奋的形象还是很难改变，最后用IBM的广告举例表明人们仍然很崇拜蜜蜂勤奋的特性。因此A选项“显示了忙碌的蜜蜂这一观念的流行”正确。B选项“强调了忙碌的

53、蜜蜂的负面形象”，由原文可知，忙碌的蜜蜂不是一种负面形象，而是受人崇拜的正面形象，所以B错误。C选项“引发公众对忙碌的蜜蜂形象的讨论”，原文没有描述其引发的讨论，所以C错误。D选项“质疑忙碌的蜜蜂与人类的比较”，原文没有质疑，所以D错误。6. 单选题The pilot felt something _ wrong with the engine just before the plane took off.问题1选项A.goB.wentC.was goingD.to go【答案】A【解析】考查感官动词。句意：就在飞机起飞前，飞行员觉得引擎出了问题。feel是感官动词，后面接动词原形或ing形式

54、。其他三项动词形式错误。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of a highly sophisticated technology and the rise of giant corporations. In addition, market forces have lost some of their significance as planning has become more important. The government has assumed a gr

55、eatly changed role in the economy. Property relationships and decision-making power have shifted. The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.We may think of the American economy, as consisting of two completely different sectors. The world of the giant corporations, which ca

56、n be called the “industrial system”, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide “nearly all communications, nearly all production and distribution of electric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade, and a considerable amount of entertainment”. O

57、utside of this industrial system fall most agricultural enterprises, some mining and trucking, professional and artistic pursuits, some retail trade, and most personal and domestic services.The classical economic laws of supply and demand still apply to some degree. But today the industrial sector i

58、s characterized far more by planning and certainty than by the free play of market forces. It appears that it could scarcely be otherwise. In large corporations with advanced technological systems and complex organizations of highly trained specialists, plans for producing any one item are made well

59、 in advance. Such plans, once made, are hard to change. Because long-term planning demands certainty, market forces are avoided by various means. For example, the corporation may achieve “vertical integration” by buying companies that supply raw materials at one end of the process and distribution o

60、utlets at the other. Corporations may agree on “just prices” for things they buy and sell. They may enter mutually advantageous long-term contracts with suppliers and customers. Moreover, in their quest for certainty they generally have the support of the state.1. The American giant corporations pos

61、sess so many new characteristics that _.2. By the second paragraph, we know that _.3. From the whole passage, we can infer that American economy _.4. In the third sentence of last paragraph, the second “it” may refer to _.5. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?问题1选项A.highly educat

62、ed managers are important for the corporationsB.giant corporations become decentralizedC.economic laws of the market are effective inside corporationsD.heads of the giant corporations try to control the government问题2选项A.retail trade accounts for a big part in non-industrial systemB.there are more gi

63、ant corporations than agricultural enterprisesC.giant corporations control every part of American economyD.giant corporations provide most of productions and services问题3选项A.is experiencing the rise of giant corporationsB.is determined by hundreds of giant corporationsC.has failed to balance supply and demandD.becomes highly-planned one问题4选项A.classic economic law of supply and demandB.industrial sectorC.American economyD.market force问题5选项A.American economy is characterized by high technology and giant corpora