2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第64期

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Ronny s steps died away, and there was a moment of（ ） silence.问题1选项A.abundantB.ampleC.absoluteD.adequate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。abundant “丰富的，充裕的”；ample “丰富的，足够的”；absolute “绝对的，完全的；专制的”；adequate “充足的”。句意：罗尼的脚步声渐渐消失了，只剩下彻底的寂静。空格处的形容词是用来形容silence的程度，选项C符合题意。2. 单选题（

2、）this, everything is order.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BesidesC.Except forD.but【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。这个题主要考查except 和except for 的用法。二者均表示“除 以外”。Except 后面接的词与主语一般是同类型；except for 后接的词与句子主语不是同类。从题目中可以分析出前后不是同一种类的事物，所以选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Prof. Flynn found no students in the lecture hall when he arrived. Only then did he realize

3、that he came（ ） early.问题1选项A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。Too much “太多”，为形容词短语，修饰名词；much too “太 ，非常 ”，为副词短语，修饰形容词或者副词；so much “这么”，副词短语，放在动词后修饰动词，或者作形容词短语修饰名词；mush so 这个短语不存在。句意：Flynn教授到达阶梯教室时没有看见一个学生。直到那时他才意识到他来得太早了。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Jim and Mike tried to move the large rock but

4、they could not（ ） it.问题1选项A.arouseB.provokeC.budgeD.dodge【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。arouse “引起；唤醒；鼓励”；provoke “驱使；激怒；煽动； 惹起”；budge “使让步；挪动”；dodge “躲避，避开”。句意：吉姆和迈克试图把那个大石头搬走，但他们不能移动它。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题The plant has been（ ） of the money it needs for modernization.问题1选项A.deletedB.extractedC.deprivedD.convinced【答案】C

5、【解析】考查动词词义辨析。delete “删除”；extract “提取；榨取”；deprive “使丧失，剥夺”；convince “说服；使确信，使信服”。句意：该工厂已经丧失其进行现代化所需的资金。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题His（ ） that he had nothing to do with the affair was greeted with some suspicion.问题1选项A.necessityB.statementC.promotionD.disposal【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。necessity “需要；必然性；必需品”；statement “声明；

6、陈述”；promotion “提升，晋升；推销”；disposal“处理；支配”。句意：他声称自己与此事无关，受到了一些质疑。选项B符合题意。7. 翻译题The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well train

7、ed in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts.Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement.It involves persuasion and compromise, but i

8、n order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuade and how compromise, is reached within the culture of the negotiation.In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthyand impersonal.It often appears to th

9、e foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multimillion-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiators role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash.In studies of American negotiators abroad, several trait

10、s have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiators position.Two traits in particular those cause cross-cultural misunderstandings are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore，American negotiators, oft

11、en insist on realizing short-term benefits. Foreign negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits.In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.Clearly, perceptio

12、ns and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success for negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.【答案】国际贸易以及海外投资的增长促使了对具有语言知识和跨文化交流技巧的人才的需求的出现。交

13、流包括说服和妥协，但是为了使交流者参与其中任何一项，谈判代表必须要了解在谈判的文化中怎么说服他人以及怎么妥协。在国外的谈判者看来，美国人代表的一个资产几百万的公司可以支付任何费用，不用讨价还价。尤其能够导致跨文化误会的两个特点是美国谈判者的直接了断和没耐心。为了巩固彼此之间的关系，他们通常会采用间接交流的方法，而不去计较用于了解对方谈判者的时间。8. 单选题It has long been known that the rate of oxidative metabolism (the process that uses oxygen to convert food into energy)

14、in any animal has a profound effect on its living patterns. The high metabolic rate of small animals, for example, gives them sustained power and activity per unit of weight, but at the cost of requiring constant consumption of food and water. Very large animals, with their relatively low metabolic

15、rates, can survive well on a sporadic food supply, but can generate little metabolic energy per gram of body weight. If only oxidative metabolic rate is considered, therefore, one might assume that smaller, more active, animals could prey on larger ones, at least if they attacked in groups. Perhaps

16、they could if it were not for anaerobic glycolysis, the great equalizer.Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy provider. The amount of energy that can be pro

17、duced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles net weight. Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the size of the animal. If, for example, some predators had attacked a 100-ten dinosaur, normal

18、ly torpid, the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost instantaneously, via anaerobic glycolysis, the energy of 3,000 humans at maximum oxidative metabolic energy production. This explains how many large species have managed to compete with their more active neighbors: the compensation for

19、a low oxidative metabolic rate is glycolysis.There are limitations, however, to this compensation. The glycogen reserves of any animal are good, at most, for only about two minutes at maximum effort, after which only the normal oxidative metabolic source of energy remains. With the conclusion of a b

20、urst of activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable toattack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis. During this process the enor

21、mous energy debt that the animal has run up through anaerobic glycolysis must be repaid, a debt that is proportionally much greater for the larger vertebrates than for the smaller ones. Whereas the tiny shrew can replace in minutes the glycogen used for maximum effort, for example, the gigantic dino

22、saur would have required more than three weeks. It might seem that this interminably long recovery time in a large vertebrate would prove a grave disadvantage for survival. Fortunately, muscle glycogen is used only when needed and even then only in whatever quantity is necessary. Only in times of pa

23、nic or during mortal combat would the entire reserves be consumed.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ） .According to the author, a major limitation of anaerobic glycolysis is that it can（ ） .The passage suggests that the total anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the

24、vertebrates size because（ ） .The author is most probably addressing which of the following audiences?Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?问题1选项A.refute a misconception about anaerobic glycolysisB.explain anaerobic glycolysis and its effects on animal survivalC.describe

25、the limitations of anaerobic glycolysisD.analyze the chemistry of anaerobic glycolysis and its similarity to oxidative metabolism问题2选项A.produce in large animals more lactic acid than the liver can safely reconvertB.necessitate a dangerously long recovery period in large animalsC.produce energy more

26、slowly than it can be used by large animalsD.consume all of the available glycogen regardless of need问题3选项A.larger vertebrates conserve more energy than smaller vertebratesB.larger vertebrates use less oxygen per unit weight than smaller vertebratesC.the ability of a vertebrate to consume food is a

27、function of its sizeD.the amount of muscle tissue in a vertebrate is directly related to its size问题4选项A.College students in an introductory course on animal physiologyB.Historians of science investigating the discovery of anaerobic glycolysisC.Graduate students with specialized training in comparati

28、ve anatomyD.Zoologists interested in Prehistoric animals问题5选项A.The disadvantage of a low oxidative metabolic rate in large animals can be offset by their ability to convert substantial amounts of glycogen into energy.B.The most significant problem facing animals that have used anaerobic glycolysis f

29、or energy is the resynthesis of its byproduct, glucose, into glycogen.C.The benefits to animals of anaerobic glycolysis are offset by the profound costs that must be paid.D.The major factor ensuring that a large animal will triumph over a smaller animal is thelarge animals ability to produce energy

30、via anaerobic glycolysis【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】文章第一段提到动作的氧化代谢率对它们生存方式造成的影响（in any animal has a profound effect on its living patterns）；第二段解释无氧糖酵解（Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and ade

31、nosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy provider）；第三段提到了无氧糖酵解的不足以及对动物的生存产生的影响。综上所述，选项B符合题意。文章第三段第一句提到了补偿的局限性（there are limitations, however, to this compensation），指出动物由于无氧糖酵解所导致的大量能量消耗必须得到补偿，然后又通过小松鼠为例来说明小型动物补偿的时间短，而大型动物则需要很长的时间才能完成补偿，这就是补偿的局限性。选项B 符合题意。文章第二段第二句话The amount of energy that can be produc

32、ed anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles net weight. Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the size of the animal提到了无氧糖酵解与动物体型的关系。随后举了恐龙的例子来解释说明肌肉越多，糖原质的含量就越多，体型大，肌肉多，选项D符合题意。文章主要介绍无氧糖酵解对动物

33、的生存产生的影响，没有使用一些非常晦涩难懂的专业知识，因此作者最可能针对的是刚刚接触相关学科的人群。选项A符合题意。文章主要提及了氧化代谢率较低的大型动物的不利原因。作者通过举了恐龙这种大型动物来说明自己的观点，比如一只100吨重的恐龙可以通过无氧糖酵解产生3000个人进行氧化新陈代谢（via anaerobic glycolysis, the energy of 3,000 humans at maximum oxidative metabolic energy production.）产生的最大的能量，从而保证大型动物能在激烈的丛林中生存。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题The poor ol

34、d woman cant（ ） her hot water bottle.问题1选项A.do withoutB.do withC.do upD.do away with【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。do without“用不着”；do with“处理；do up 整理”；do away with “废除”。句意：那个贫穷的老妇人不能没有她的热水瓶。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题His criticism injured Jennys（ ） .So she is feeling sad now.问题1选项A.divinityB.indignityC.egoD.mind【答案】C【解析】考查

35、名词词义辨析。divinity “神圣， 神性”；indignity “侮辱，轻蔑”；ego “自尊心，自我意识”；mind “精神，理智，决心”。句意：他的批评伤害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她现在非常伤心。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Commercial banks made most of their income from interest （ ）on loans andinvestments and bonds.问题1选项A.earningB.earnedC.to earnD.was earned【答案】B【解析】考查分词做定语。句意：商业银行主要从贷款、投资和债券中获得利息。这里

36、interest 是被赚，是一个被动含义，所以应该用过去分词来做后置定语。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Knowing that he had been admitted to Cambridge University, he was too excited to be（ ） on the phone.问题1选项A.coincidentalB.identicalC.sameD.coherent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coincidental “巧合的，一致的”；identical “相同的，同一的”；same “相同的”；coherent “连贯的”。句意：得知被剑桥大学录取，他

37、太过于激动以至于在电话中话都说不连贯。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题The earnings of women are well below that of men （ ）educational differences that are diminishing between the two sexes.问题1选项A.althoughB.thoughC.despite ofD.in spite of【答案】D【解析】考查连词辨析。四个选项都是表示转折，其中 although 与 though只能引导让步状语从句。没有despite of 这种表达，所以只有选项D符合题意。14. 单选题It w

38、as essential that the application forms（ ） back before the deadline.问题1选项A.must be sentB.would be sentC.be sentD.were sent【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。由 it is vital (necessary, important等) + that 引导的主语从句中的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气的形式，动词应该用动词原形或 should +动词原形，选项C符合题意。15. 单选题Relief organizations have contributed （ ）money to fami

39、ne in Africa.问题1选项A.both time andB.time butC.neither time andD.neither time nor【答案】A【解析】考查连接词的用法。句意：救援组织为非洲的饥荒出钱出力。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题Miss Helen always buys（ ）priced clothes.问题1选项A.higherB.highC.highestD.highly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：海伦小姐经常买高价的衣服。选项D符合题意。17. 单选题This ticket （ ）you to a free meal in our new

40、restaurant.问题1选项A.permitsB.entitlesC.grantsD.credits【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。permit “允许”；entitle “授权，给 称号”；grant “授予，同意”；credit “相信，信任”。句意：凭着这张票你可以在我们的新餐厅免费吃一顿。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题（ ）, he remains very modest.问题1选项A.Though his contributionsB.He made great contributionsC.For all his great contributionsD.However h

41、is great contributions【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。Though 与however为连词，后面要接句子，不能接名词，所以选项A和D排除；选项B是一个完整的句子，空格后面也是一个完整的句子，中间没有任何连词，所以选项B排除。选项C符合题意。19. 单选题She felt that she was too（ ） with problems to be able to study properly.问题1选项A.burdenedB.tiredC.grievedD.disturbed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。burdened “背负的”；tired “疲倦的”；gr

42、ieved “悲伤的”；disturbed “打搅的”。句意：她觉得自己背负着太多问题而不能正确学习。选项A符合题意。tooto“太 而不能 ”。选项A符合题意。20. 单选题According to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear.

43、 If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world; it can be created by a persons thoughts.Everyone has emotions.

44、 Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only leams his emotions, but also learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.Psychologists think that there are two ty

45、pes of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person lea

46、rns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.Strong emotions can make it hard to

47、 think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.1.We learn f

48、rom the passage that an emotion is created by something that（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ ）3.The authors purpose of writing this passage is to（ ）.4.We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if（ ）.5.As used in the last sentence, the word“drains”m

49、eans（ ）.问题1选项A.one thinks bad or goodB.one feels in dangerC.one faces in the outside worldD.one tries to escape from in real life问题2选项A.Children learn emotions as they grow up.B.Babies are born with emotions.C.Emotions fall into two types in general.D.People can cope with the negative emotions in li

50、fe.问题3选项A.explain why people have emotionsB.show how people avoid the negative emotionsC.explain what people should do before emotionsD.define and classify peoples emotions问题4选项A.he cannot think properlyB.he cannot pay attention to itC.he cannot adjust himself to itD.he is not full of energy问题5选项A.s

51、topsB.tiesC.weakensD.flows gradually【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一句according to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good提到人的情感是由于人或者动物将某物视作好或坏的时候。选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions提到婴儿被认为生下来没有情感。所以选项B符合题意。3.文章主要介绍了什么是人类的情感，有哪些种类，所以选项D符合题意。4.文章最后一段倒数第二句for example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly提到参加考试的学生害怕考试失败而难以正常思考。如果不能正常思考，考试就可能失败。所以选项A符合题意。5.题干中的 drain的意思是“流干”。在文中指的是担忧将人们所需的经历削弱，选项C符合题意。