2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第28期

《2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第28期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第28期（23页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题One of the requirements for a fire is that the material（ ）to its burning temperature.问题1选项A.be heatedB.is heatedC.would heatedD.to heated【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。requirement为主语，所以后面应该使用虚拟语气，后面的动词形式是should do，表示 “要求 ，其中should是可以省略的。Material与heat之间应该是被动语态，所以应该是should

2、 be heated，其中should可以省略，所以选项A符合题意。2. 单选题（ ） her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.问题1选项A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.To give【答案】C【解析】考查given的特殊语法。given 充当介词，意思是“考虑到”。句意：考虑到她对孩子的兴趣，教学工作应该是她正确的职业。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The boy answered all my questions with complete （ ）.问题1选项A.insuranc

3、eB.securityC.assuranceD.safety【答案】C【解析】考察名词词义辨析。insurance“保险，保险费”；security“安全，保证”；assurance “保证，担保，确信”；safety “安全，保险”。句意：这个小男孩自信地回答了我所有的问题。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题His criticism injured Jennys（ ） .So she is feeling sad now.问题1选项A.divinityB.indignityC.egoD.mind【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。divinity “神圣， 神性”；indignity “侮辱，轻

4、蔑”；ego “自尊心，自我意识”；mind “精神，理智，决心”。句意：他的批评伤害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她现在非常伤心。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers”, wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members ofHawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Ha

5、waii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko that connects the Hawai

6、ian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes

7、 on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eager

8、ness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergo

9、ing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find to what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassembl

10、e all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to

11、know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change it use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Ke

12、a, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.1.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates,（ ） .2.Mauna Kea is d

13、eemed as an ideal astronomical site due to （ ）.3.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because （ ）.4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy（ ） .5.The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of （ ）.问题1选项A.the conservative

14、 view on the historical role of astronomy.B.the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C.the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D.her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.问题2选项A.its geographical featuresB.its protective surroundingsC.its religious implicationsD

15、.its existing infrastructure问题3选项A.it may risk ruining their intellectual lifeB.it reminds them of a humiliating history.C.their culture will lose a chance of revivalD.they fear losing control of Mauna Kea问题4选项A.is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B.helps spread Hawaiian culture across the

16、 worldC.may uncover the origin of Hawaiian cultureD.will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.问题5选项A.severe criticismB.passive acceptanceC.slight hesitancyD.full approval【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段Star watchers were among the most esteemed members ofHawaiian society提到观星人曾是夏威夷社会中最受人尊敬的群

17、体，由此可以推测出当时天文学在夏威夷的重要性，选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段提到了莫纳克亚山的优越位置使得它成为理想的天文观测点（Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity）。选项A符合题意。3.文章第三段A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and envir

18、onments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation提到少数夏威夷人和环保主义者把那些天文望远镜看作是对那边神圣土地的亵渎，并且会让他们想到这个曾经的主权国家被占领的惨痛经历，所以选项B “让人想起一段羞辱的历史”符合题意。4.文章第五段the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to

19、answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going提到天文学和夏威夷文化都在试图回答我们是谁，我们从何处来，去往何处这些重大的问题，由此可以推断现在的天文学和夏威夷文化一样都揭示了相关的起源问题。选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impac

20、t提到TMT的选址将最大程度缩小天文望远镜在岛上的可见度，来避免对考古及环境产生的影响，由此可推测作者对此是全力支持的，选项D符合题意。6. 单选题Some of this meat came from Canada. How about （ ）?问题1选项A.anotherB.othersC.the otherD.the rest【答案】D【解析】考查不可数名词的指代。meat 是不可数名词，前面三个选项一般用来知道可数名词，所以不符合题意。选项D既可以指代可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词，符合题意。句意：这里一部分肉来自加拿大，那剩下的呢？7. 单选题You must remember no

21、t to（ ） from the point when you write an essay.问题1选项A.go astrayB.wanderC.divergeD.go off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析、动词词义辨析。go astray “走入歧途；迷路”；wander “徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge “分化；分歧，相异；偏离”；go off “离开，进行；变质”。句意：你必须记住当你写论文的时候不要偏离主题。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题She felt that she was too（ ） with problems to be able to study properly.

22、问题1选项A.burdenedB.tiredC.grievedD.disturbed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。burdened “背负的”；tired “疲倦的”；grieved “悲伤的”；disturbed “打搅的”。句意：她觉得自己背负着太多问题而不能正确学习。选项A符合题意。tooto“太 而不能 ”。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题The scientist found it puzzling that his theory encountered （ ）despite widespread agreement that it was （ ）.问题1选项A.respect.

23、crucialB.dismissal.simplisticC.skepticism.unfathomableD.opposition.indisputable【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。respect “尊敬，尊重”；crucial “重要的, 决定性的”；dismissal “解雇， 免职”；simplistic “过分简单化的，过分单纯化的”；skepticism “怀疑论，怀疑的态度”；unfathomable “深不可测的，无底的”； opposition “反对，反对派”；indisputable “不容置疑的，不可争辩的”。句意：令科学家困惑的是，尽管他的理

24、论被一致认为是不容置疑的，但是还是遭到了反对。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题The poor old woman cant（ ） her hot water bottle.问题1选项A.do withoutB.do withC.do upD.do away with【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。do without“用不着”；do with“处理；do up 整理”；do away with “废除”。句意：那个贫穷的老妇人不能没有她的热水瓶。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题Helen apologized for（ ） the party.问题1选项A.her not being abl

25、e to attendB.her being not able to attendC.her being able not to attendD.not her being able to attend【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。apologize for sb. doing sth. “因为某人做了某事而道歉”。否定词not应该放在being之前，选项A符合题意。12. 单选题This ticket （ ）you to a free meal in our new restaurant.问题1选项A.permitsB.entitlesC.grantsD.credits【答案】B【解析】考

26、查动词词义辨析。permit “允许”；entitle “授权，给 称号”；grant “授予，同意”；credit “相信，信任”。句意：凭着这张票你可以在我们的新餐厅免费吃一顿。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题Ronny s steps died away, and there was a moment of（ ） silence.问题1选项A.abundantB.ampleC.absoluteD.adequate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。abundant “丰富的，充裕的”；ample “丰富的，足够的”；absolute “绝对的，完全的；专制的”；adequate “充足的

27、”。句意：罗尼的脚步声渐渐消失了，只剩下彻底的寂静。空格处的形容词是用来形容silence的程度，选项C符合题意。14. 单选题Perhaps no single monument in the USA is as famous are the State of Liberty. Standing on a small island in New York Harbor, the crowned lady, holding aloft in her right hand the torch of freedom and in her left hand a tablet which is in

28、scribed “July 4th,1776”，is a symbol of American democracy. She is colossal. She is 151 ft. high and the pedestal on which she stands is almost as much. An elevator takes visitors to the top of the pedestal, around which a balcony runs.A Spiral staircase goes up to the crown, and another to the torch

29、. The State of Liberty was a gift to the USA from France in 1886, as a mark of friendship and also in memory of the aid France gave the Americans during the American Revolution.For millions of immigrants, the Statue was their first sight of the promised land, and for a few it was also the last, as t

30、hey sailed back home again. About a mile from Liberty Island, there is another small island, called Ellis Island, which was looked upon with dread by the immigrants. For it was here that they had to wait their turn to be examined by doctors and officials. Most of the immigrants could not speak a wor

31、d of English. But only two out of 100 immigrants were refused admission to New York City. Often the person refused turned out to be a grand-mother or a weary, frightened girl mistakenly labeled “feeble-minded.” Sometimes husbands and wives were parted because one of them happened to have a bad cough

32、 and was suspected of having tuberculosis.New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants. For from being a city paved with gold, it was a city teeming with overcrowded, unhealthy and unsafe ghettos. The immigrants looked for earlier immigrants of their own nationality or religion. So

33、Italian, Polish, Irish, Jewish neighborhoods grew up. Because they could not speak English, the newcomers found it difficult to get work at once, and their living quarters were often slums.However, they found in the USA opportunities of bettering themselves. Today immigrants no longer have to endure

34、 the indignities of Ells Island. The grim buildings were closed down in 1924. In 1976, Ellis Island became an historic monument.1.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?2.The word “colossal” in paragraph 1 means（ ） .3.Immigrants looked upon Ellis Island with dread because （ ）.4.Pa

35、ragraph 3 implies that （ ）.5.Which of the following statement is not true?问题1选项A.Gateway to the USAB.State of LibertyC.Ellis IslandD.Immigrants of the USA问题2选项A.miniatureB.colorfulC.enormousD.beautiful问题3选项A.they could not speak a wordB.they might be refused admission to the USAC.husbands and wives

36、might be recognizedD.they were suspected问题4选项A.New York City was paved with goldB.immigrants of the same nationality and religion lived in the same buildingC.immigrants lived everywhereD.some immigrants were disappointed at New York City问题5选项A.The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France.B.France ga

37、ve the USA the State to commemorate the aid they received from the US.C.The Statue of Liberty is the most famous monument in the USAD.The Statue of Liberty is the symbol of American democracy.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章开头主要提到了美国的自由女神像：它的外观、高度、结构、来源以及意义等。接着提到了外来移民在美国的现实生存状况以及后续发生的变化。选项B、C、D

38、都只涉及到了其中一个点，不全面。而选项A “通往美国的门户”既指代了美国自由女神像，也可以用来指代外来移民进入美国的情形，符合题意。2.根据后面的句子 She is 151ft. high “她高151英尺”可推测colossal 是巨大的意思，选项C符合题意。3.文章第三段For it was here that they had to wait their turn to beexamined by doctors and officials 提到因为在这里他们（外来移民）不得不等待医生和官员的检查。因为如果检查不通过的话，他们会被拒绝入美国境内，所以他们很担心。选项B “他们可能会被拒绝

39、进入美国”符合题意。4.文章第四段第一句New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants 提到纽约市对一些移民来说是一种痛苦的幻灭，可以推出选项D “一些移民对美国感到失望”符合题意。5.文章第二段as a mark of friendship and also in memory of the aid France gave the Americans during the American Revolution提到是为了纪念在美国革命期间法国给予美国人的援助，选项B “为了纪念从美国那里获得的援助”说法是错误的，符合

40、题意。15. 单选题I feel rather at a （ ）talking to her,because shes so clever.问题1选项A.mistakeB.faultC.disadvantageD.defect【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be at a disadvantage “处于不利的地位”。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题There is too great a （ ）of alcohol in Britain.问题1选项A.consumptionB.destructionC.absenceD.transmission【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。consump

41、tion “消费；消耗”；destruction “破坏；毁灭”；absence “缺乏；缺席”；transmission “传动装置;传送”。句意：英国的酒精消耗太大了。选项A符合题意。17. 单选题The recent news of the successful cloning of an adult sheep in which the sheeps DNA was inserted into an unfertilized sheep egg to produce a lamb with identical DNA has generated an outpouring of eth

42、ical concerns. These concerns are not about Dolly, the now famous sheep, nor even about the considerable impact cloning may have on the animal breeding industry, but rather about the possibility of cloning humans. For the most part, however, the ethical concerns being raised are exaggerated and misp

43、laced, because they are based on erroneous views about what genes are and what they can do. The danger, therefore, lies not in the power of the technology, but in the misunderstanding of its significance.Producing a clone of a human being would not amount to creating a “ carbon copy ” an automaton o

44、f the sort familiar from science fiction. It would be more like producing a delayed identical twin. And just as identical twins are two separate people biologically, psychologically, morally and legally, though not genetically so to embrace a belief in genetic determinism the view that genes determi

45、ne everything about us, and that environmental factors or the random events in human development are utterly insignificant. The overwhelming consensus among geneticists is that genetic determinism is false.As geneticists have come to understand the ways in which genes operate, they have also become

46、aware of the myriad ways in which the environment affects their “expression”. The genetic contribution to the simplest physical traits, such as height and hair color, is significantly mediated by environmental factors. And the genetic contribution to the traits we value most deeply, from intelligenc

47、e to compassion, is conceded by even the most enthusiastic genetic researchers to be limited and indirect. Indeed, we need only appeal to our ordinary experience with identical twinsthat they are different people despite their similaritiesto appreciate that genetic determinism is false.Furthermore,

48、because of the extra steps involved, cloning will probably always be riskierthat is, less likely to result in a live birth that in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. For example, it took more than 275 attempts before the researchers were able to obtain a successful sheep clone. While clo

49、ning methods may improve, we should note that even standard IVF techniques typically have success rate of less than 20 percent. So why would anyone go to the trouble of cloning?1.What process resulted in the successful cloning of an adult sheep?2.According to the essay, in what respect the relations

50、hip between a cloned human being and its counterpart is similar to the relationship of twins?3.What does the concept of genetic determinism state?4.What are examples of genetic contribution?5.According to the passage, where does the danger of cloning lie in?问题1选项A.In vitro fertilization.B.Embryo tra

51、nsfer.C.The insertion of a mature sheeps DNA into an unfertilized egg.D.The adoption of physical and genetic characteristics.问题2选项A.Both a cloned human being and a part of twins have the same conceptions of morality.B.The environment one is born into affects their conceptions of reality.C.The connec

52、tion is strictly genetic.D.The similarities are biological, legal, moral and psychological.问题3选项A.That each individuals DNA determines their capabilities in life regardless of environmental morality.B.Environmental factors greatly influence persons actions and beliefs.C.Both genes and environments d

53、etermine human traits.D.Identical twins have the capacity to be completely independent beings and have individual ideas.问题4选项A.Hair and eye color.B.A childs attitude towards their parents.C.A persons values.D.Fashion style.问题5选项A.The power of technology.B.Ethical and moral issues.C.The mistaken unde

54、rstanding of its significance.D.The exact replication of dangerous people.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话提到 in which the sheeps DNA was inserted into an unfertilized sheep egg to produce a lamb with identical DNA, 所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第二段提到克隆人的产生就像一对完全相同的双胞胎。接着指出双胞胎是两个人，除了基因相似外，生理、心理、道德和法律上都是相

55、对独立的，所以选项A、C、D可以排除，选项B符合题意。3.文章第二段the view that genes determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or the random events in human development are utterly insignificant, 所以选项A符合题意。4.文章第三段the genetic contribution to the simplest physical traits,such as height and hair color “基因只会对非常简单的

56、特点有所影响，比如身高和头发颜色”，所以选项A符合题意。5.文章第一段最后一句话The danger, therefore, lies not in the power of the technology,but in the understanding of its significance. “因此危险并不是在于技术的力量，而是在对其重要性的理解上。”选项C符合题意。18. 单选题（ ） is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.问题1选项A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配

57、。as is know to 是一个固定搭配，意思是“众所周知”。选项C符合题意。19. 单选题Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein

58、from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasnt been born yet,or is a baby now. Thats because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can

59、be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einsteins day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einste

60、in probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to share.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einsteins training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenagerKant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly ab

61、out space and time, and it wasnt long before he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight is in my opinion the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (IE) or specialist and a real seeker after truth，” Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musicia

62、n. The interplay between music and math is well-known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There arent many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practicaland rewarding efforts.“ Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said C