2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷21

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题After the very active and successful tenure (任职) of office by the Senegalese President as the head of the Organization of African Unity, it was highly logical to think that the successor, whoever he might be, would have a difficult task in doing a better job

2、.The Congolese president set to work as soon as he was elected. His first step was to suggest to the dean of heads of State present in the Ethiopian capital, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, to summon a meeting of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa. Its aim: to define a strat

3、egy in order to overcome the reprisals (报复行为) that the racist regime of Pretoria is likely to take against its neighbors in case sanctions (制裁) are imposed by the international community.President Sassou Ngueso has already undertaken a number of trips abroad. He thus went to Harare (Zimbabwe) where

4、he delivered a speech, on September 1, on behalf of Africa before the summit meeting of non-aligned (不结盟的) nations.At the end of September, he was in New York, for a statement before the General Assembly of the United Nations, and then in Washington, for talks with high-ranking members of the Reagan

5、 Administration. He then went to Ottawa, for consultations with leading members of the Canadian government.The Congolese presidents aim, in all these endeavors, is to convince still reluctant countries of the imperious necessity of imposing sanctions against the racist regime of Pretoria.1. In the f

6、irst paragraph, the word “successor” refers to _.2. According to the passage, Denis Sassou Ngueso _.3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?4. We may draw the conclusion that President Sassou Ngueso has been working really hard to _.5. This piece is most probably taken from _.问题1选项

7、A.a person who enjoyed a successful career in politicsB.a person who was very popular in the political arenaC.the person who was to lead the organizationD.the former head of the organization问题2选项A.is CongoleseB.knew that it was very difficult for him to be electedC.was elected without any opposition

8、D.has held a meeting in the Ethiopian capital问题3选项A.President Sassou Ngueso has decided to visit as many African countries as possible.B.President Sassou Ngueso made a suggestion to President Kenneth Kaunda that a meeting be held of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa.C.President

9、 Sassou Ngueso went to Harare and delivered a speech there.D.If sanctions are imposed against South Africa by the international community, the racist regime of Pretoria will probably take revenge on its neighbors.问题4选项A.prove himself a trustworthy presidentB.convince some reluctant countries that it

10、 is highly necessary to impose sanctions against the racist regime of PretoriaC.show to the whole world the strength and power of the Organization of African UnityD.seek financial support from some advanced countries to promote African economy问题5选项A.a newspaper reportB.a biographyC.a history bookD.a

11、 Whos Who【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“successor”可以定位到文章第一段After the very active and successful tenure of office by the Senegalese President as the head of the Organization of African Unity, it was highly logical to think that the successor, whoever he might be, would have a diffic

12、ult task in doing a better job.（在塞内加尔总统非常积极和成功地担任了非洲统一组织的首脑之后，认为无论继任者是谁，都将面临一项艰巨的任务，要做得更好的想法是非常合乎逻辑的。），说明“successor”在文中指的是“即将接任该组织领导职位的人”。因此C选项“将要领导该组织的人”正确。A选项“一个在政治上享有成功事业的人”，B选项“一个在政治舞台上非常受欢迎的人”，D选项“该组织的前负责人”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句President Sassou Ngueso has already undertaken

13、 a number of trips abroad.（萨苏恩格索总统已经多次出访国外。），上一段提到The Congolese president set to work as soon as he was elected.（刚果总统一当选就开始工作。），说明萨苏恩格索是刚果总统。因此A选项“刚果人”正确。B选项“知道他很难当选”，C选项“在没有任何反对意见的情况下当选”，D选项“已经在埃塞俄比亚首都举行了一次会议”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。B选项“萨苏恩格索总统向肯尼思卡温达总统提出了一个建议，即召开一个靠近南非的国家的领导人会议”，由原文His first

14、step was to suggest to the dean of heads of State present in the Ethiopian capital, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, to summon a meeting of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa.（他的第一步是向出席埃塞俄比亚首都会议的国家元首领袖、赞比亚总统肯尼斯卡温达建议召开一次与南非毗邻的国家领导人会议。）可知，B选项表述正确，排除B。C选项“萨苏恩格索总统去了哈拉雷并在那里发表了讲话”，

15、由原文He thus went to Harare (Zimbabwe) where he delivered a speech, on September 1, on behalf of Africa before the summit meeting of non-aligned nations.（因此，他前往津巴布韦的哈拉雷，并于9月1日在不结盟国家首脑会议前代表非洲发表了讲话。）可知，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“如果国际社会对南非实施制裁，比勒陀利亚的种族主义政权可能会对其邻国进行报复”，由原文Its aim: to define a strategy in order to ov

16、ercome the reprisals that the racist regime of Pretoria is likely to take against its neighbors in case sanctions are imposed by the international community.（其目的是确定一项战略，以便在国际社会实施制裁时，克服比勒陀利亚种族主义政权可能对其邻国采取的报复。）可知，D选项表述正确，排除D。A选项“萨苏恩格斯总统已决定尽可能多地访问非洲国家”在文中没有提及，所以本题选A。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段The Congolese

17、presidents aim, in all these endeavors, is to convince still reluctant countries of the imperious necessity of imposing sanctions against the racist regime of Pretoria.（这位刚果总统所有的努力是为了让仍不情愿的国家相信，对种族主义的比勒陀利亚政权实施制裁是绝对必要的。），说明萨苏恩格索总统一直非常努力工作的目的是说服一些不情愿的国家，对比勒陀利亚的种族主义政权实施制裁是非常必要的。因此B选项“说服一些不情愿的国家，对比勒陀利亚的

18、种族主义政权实施制裁是非常必要的”正确。A选项“证明自己是一个值得信赖的总统”，C选项“向全世界展示非洲统一组织的实力和力量”，D选项“寻求一些先进国家的财政支持以促进非洲经济发展”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。5.推理判断题。结合全文可知，本文语言平直通俗，笔调比较客观，符合新闻报道的文体。因此A选项“一篇报刊报道”正确。B选项“一本传记”，C选项“一本历史书”，D选项“一本名人录”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。2. 翻译题1. Britain almost more than any other country in the world most seriously f

19、ace the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.2. It is said that the English man objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of th

20、e world today.3. In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from bottom to the top, and so on, as well as such details as easy facil

21、ities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages in the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing.4. It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus (对，对抗) individual houses will continue to rage on for a long

22、time as far as Britain is concerned.5. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden. They also ignore the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time of t

23、he journeys to work.【答案】1. 英国几乎比世界上其他任何国家都更加需要严肃对待建筑物向高空发展的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。2. 据说英国人反对这种居住方式，但是倘若情况如此的话，那么英国人确实不同于今天世界上大多数国家的居民。3. 过去，我们的住宅小区和低收入人群相联系，它们缺乏一些必须设施，比如中央供暖设备、稳定的热水供应、贯通上下的电梯等等。还有一些细节之处，如灰尘和垃圾的简单处理设施，一楼的婴儿车存放处，楼顶的儿童游乐场，以及衣服的晾晒场地。4. 就英国而言，关于公寓与私人住宅的争论很可能会持续很长一段时间。5. 那些反对建

24、公寓的人所根据的主要理由是，他们认为每个人都想拥有单独的住宅和花园。他们还忽视了为分散的社区提供全面服务的较高成本，以及上班路上的金钱和时间成本。3. 单选题Contrary to what many people believe, highly intelligent children are not necessarily destined for academic success. In fact, so-called gifted students may fail to do well because they are unusually smart. Ensuring that a

25、 gifted child reaches his or her potential requires an understanding of what can go wrong and how to satisfy the unusual learning requirements of extremely bright young people.One common problem gifted kids face is that they, and those around them, place too much importance on being smart. Such an e

26、mphasis can breed a belief that bright people do not have to work hard to do well. Although smart kids may not need to work hard in the lower grades, when the work is easy, they may struggle and perform poorly when the work gets harder because they do not make the effort to learn. If the scholastic

27、achievement of highly intelligent children remains below average for an extended period, many teachers will fail to recognize their potential. As a result, such students may not get the encouragement they need, further depressing their desire to learn. They may fall far behind in their schoolwork an

28、d even develop behavior problems.IQ is just one ingredient among many in the recipe for successChildren thrive or struggle in school for a host of reasons apart from IQ. These include motivation and persistence, social competence, and the support of family, educators and friends. Emphasizing the imp

29、ortance of persistence and hard work, for example, will help a child avoid the laziness trap. Gifted children also need intellectual challengesto teach them how to work hard.Because highly gifted children solve the most varied thought problems faster and more thoroughly than those with more average

30、aptitudes do, they need additional intellectual stimulation while they wait for the rest of the kids to learn the basics. Two central approaches are used to satisfy the educational needs of such children: acceleration and enrichment. Acceleration means studying material that is part of the standard

31、curriculum for older students. Enrichment involves learning information that falls outside the usual curriculum.A child might skip one or more grades as a way of accelerating in school. But being with older children for the entire school dayand perhaps for grade-based extracurricular activities such

32、 as sportscan make a child feel inferior in every realm outside of academics. One very bright fourth-grader who had skipped two grades remained far ahead of his classmates intellectually, but as his classmates reached puberty, his social and other shortcomings became painfully apparent. While accele

33、ration is not an option, or not a good one, enrichment can be. After all, school is not a race but an adventure in learning. As such, the goal is not finishing first but absorbing as much knowledge as possible in the time allotted. Thus, providing opportunities for a child to study topics outside th

34、e regular curriculum can be at least as valuable as pushing him or her through the required material faster.1. According to the passage, which of the following belongs to enrichment activities for talented children?2. What makes the basic reason for the scholastic achievement of highly intelligent c

35、hildren being below average for an extended period?3. The example of the very bright fourth-grader mentioned in the last paragraph shows that the author believes _.4. Which of the following conclusions do you think is in conformity with the authors idea?5. In this article, the author is intended to

36、_.问题1选项A.Skipping one of more grades and studying together with older children.B.Learning the same material in the standard curriculum for older students.C.Learning information that is not included in the regular curriculum.D.Learning how to read with fluency even in their pre-school days.问题2选项A.Tea

37、chers failure to recognize their potential.B.Too much emphasis on being intelligent by themselves and those round them.C.Not working hard enough.D.Lack of encouragement from teachers.问题3选项A.acceleration is the only alternative choice for intelligent childrenB.acceleration is not a good choice for sm

38、art childrenC.acceleration is a good alternative for gifted kidsD.acceleration is more practical than enrichment问题4选项A.He is in favor of enrichment rather than acceleration.B.He is in favor of acceleration rather than enrichment.C.He speaks highly of both enrichment and acceleration.D.He thinks neit

39、her enrichment nor acceleration is a good choice.问题5选项A.point out the defects of acceleration for gifted childrenB.compare acceleration with enrichment for gifted childrenC.stress the importance of enrichment for gifted childrenD.discuss how to bring out gifted childrens potential【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B

40、第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段后半部分Enrichment involves learning information that falls outside the usual curriculum.（充实包括学习常规课程之外的信息。），说明学习常规课程之外的信息属于为有天赋的孩子开展的充实活动。因此C选项“学习常规课程中没有包括的信息”正确。A选项“跳过一个或多个年级，与大孩子一起学习”，B选项“在高年级学生的标准课程中学习同样的内容。”，D选项“甚至在学前时期就学习如何流畅地阅读”属于加速的方法，所以A, B, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位

41、到文章第二段第一句One common problem gifted kids face is that they, and those around them, place too much importance on being smart.（有天赋的孩子们面临的一个常见问题是，他们和他们周围的人都过于重视聪明。），说明有天赋的孩子和他们周围的人过于强调聪明，会造成聪明的人不需要努力工作就能做好的错误想法，长久以来，他们就会落后于别人。因此B选项“自己和周围的人过于强调他们的聪明”正确。A选项“教师没有认识到他们的潜力”，C选项“不够努力工作”，D选项“缺乏来自老师的鼓励”均不是最根本的原

42、因，所以A, C, D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第三句One very bright fourth-grader who had skipped two grades remained far ahead of his classmates intellectually, but as his classmates reached puberty, his social and other shortcomings became painfully apparent.（一个非常聪明的四年级学生跳了两个年级，在智力上仍然远远领先于他的同学，但当他的同学进入青春期时，他的社

43、交和其他缺点变得非常明显。），说明作者认为加速的方法会带来不好的影响，不利于孩子的成长。因此B选项“加速不是聪明孩子的好选择”正确。A选项“加速是聪明孩子的唯一选择”，由原文可知，有加速和充实两种方法，所以A错误。C选项“加速是有天赋的孩子的一个好选择”，D选项“加速比充实更实用”，由原文可知，作者认为加速没有充实的方法好，所以C, D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句While acceleration is not an option, or not a good one, enrichment can be.（虽然加速不是一个选择，或者说不是一个好的选择，但充实可以

44、是。），说明作者反对加速的方法，赞同充实的方法。因此A选项“他赞成充实而不是加速”正确。B选项“他赞成加速而不是充实”，C选项“他对充实和加速都给予高度评价”，D选项“他认为充实和加速都不是一个好的选择”均和原文表述的意思相反，所以B, C, D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章开头首先提出有天赋的孩子面临的问题，接着阐述了成功除了智力之外还有其他的因素，接着介绍了两种满足有天赋的孩子需求的教育方法加速和充实，分析两者的利弊，最后得出结论，充实的方法比加速的方法更好。因此D选项“讨论如何发挥有天赋的孩子的潜力”符合文章主旨，是本文的写作目的。A选项“指出加速训练对有天赋的孩子的缺陷”，B选项“比较加速

45、和充实对有天赋的孩子的影响”，C选项“强调充实教学内容对有天赋的孩子的重要性”都只是文章的某一个方面，不能全面概括文章主旨，所以A, B, C错误。4. 单选题Electric eels use charges to _ prey and also stun them before they eat them.问题1选项A.examineB.detectC.determineD.search【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项examine“检查”；B选项detect“探测”；C选项determine“决定”；D选项search“搜索”。句意：电鳗利用电荷探测猎物，并在吃掉猎物之前把它们打晕

46、。本句表示探测猎物。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题Barack Obama urged congressional leaders on Monday to act quickly to pass a huge stimulus package for the U.S. economy. He met with a bipartisan group of lawmakers on Capitol Hill. Later he met individually with Democratic and Republican House and Senate leaders and spoke to

47、a bipartisan leadership gathering. In comments to reporters early on Monday, he underscored the urgency of finalizing economic legislation. “We have got an extraordinary economic challenge ahead of us,” he said. “We are expecting a sobering job report at the end of the week. Nancy Pelosi and her sta

48、ff have been extraordinarily helpful in working with our team so that we can shape an economic recovery and reinvestment plan that starts putting people back to work.”Mr. Obama wants tax cuts for individual Americans and businesses to make up a significant portion of expected legislation. This could

49、 involve as much as $300 billion of a bill that is likely to exceed $700 billion and include aid to cash-poor U.S. states, and money for alternative energy and a range of infrastructure projects. Later, Mr. Obama said he expects to be able to sign legislation as soon as the end of this month, adding

50、 that quick action is necessary to “break the momentum of the U.S. recession”.Emerging later from bipartisan talks with Mr. Obama, Nancy Pelosi said lawmakers discussed with the president-elect how to pass a stimulus package as quickly as possible. “An economic recovery package that will create jobs

51、 immediately and will grow the economy and that is what we talked about today,” said Nancy Pelosi. “How we could do this fast, deliberatively and to act upon it soon.” Just how soon that would be, Pelosi would not say.How much support Democrats can obtain from Republicans will depend on the details.

52、 But the severity of the U.S. recession has created considerable bipartisan backing for quick action. Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid said, “There are investments that we need to make on behalf of the American people to turn around this economy. We felt very good about the meeting; we are confide

53、nt that we can do this and we have to do this.”“I think the best thing I can do is to decline to comment on what they are going to do going forward,” said Dana Perino. “Obviously, we think that tax cuts were the right way to help our economy get out of the recession that this president inherited and

54、 we know that tax cuts can spur innovation.” Asked by reporters how large the economic stimulus package might be, Senate Majority Leader Reid said President-elect Obama indicated that all but one of some 28 economists advising him had said it should range from $800 billion to $1.3 trillion.1. Barack

55、 Obama urged congressional leaders and met with bipartisan leaders for _.2. The bill of economic legislation will be signed to help the following except _.3. If the stimulus package is passed quickly and successfully, it can _.4. What is the bipartisan leaders attitude towards this meeting?5. Accord

56、ing to the passage, the best way out of the economic recession is _.问题1选项A.understanding each other betterB.ending economic recessionC.negotiating political issuesD.taking the place of Bush quickly问题2选项A.some poor U.S. statesB.alternative energyC.underdeveloped countriesD.infrastructure projects问题3选

57、项A.finalize economic legislationB.enhance Americas international statusC.obtain support from RepublicansD.provide job opportunities问题4选项A.Uncertain.B.Hopeful.C.Disappointed.D.Indifferent.问题5选项A.peoples confidenceB.the bipartisan cooperationC.tax cutsD.economists suggestions【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5

58、题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Barack Obama urged congressional leaders on Monday to act quickly to pass a huge stimulus package for the U.S. economy.（美国总统奥巴马星期一敦促国会领导人迅速采取行动，通过一个庞大的刺激美国经济的一揽子计划。），说明奥巴马的目的是为了让国会尽快通过这个一揽子计划来刺激经济，避免经济下滑。因此B选项“结束经济衰退”正确。A选项“更好地了解对方”，C选项“就政治问题进行谈判”，D选项“迅速接替布什的位置”均不符合题意，

59、所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句This could involve as much as $300 billion of a bill that is likely to exceed $700 billion and include aid to cash-poor U.S. states, and money for alternative energy and a range of infrastructure projects.（这可能涉及一项高达3000亿美元的法案，而这项法案可能会超过7000亿美元，其中包括对现金匮乏的美国各州的援助，以及

60、为可替代能源和一系列基础设施项目提供资金。），说明该方案的内容包括援助美国贫困州、投资替代能源和基础设施项目，所以A选项“美国的一些贫困州”，B选项“替代能源”，D选项“基础设施项目”符合原文，C选项“不发达的国家”在原文中没有提及，不属于该法令援助的内容，因此本题选C。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Nancy Pelosi and her staff have been extraordinarily helpful in working with our team so that we can shape an economic recovery and reinves

61、tment plan that starts putting people back to work.”（南希佩洛西和她的工作人员在与我们的团队合作方面给予了极大的帮助，使我们能够制定经济复苏和再投资计划，让人们重新找到工作。”），说明这个计划可以有效促进就业，让更多人找到工作。因此D选项“提供工作机会”正确。A选项“敲定经济立法”，B选项“提高美国的国际地位”，C选项“获得共和党人的支持”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid said, “There are inv

62、estments that we need to make on behalf of the American people to turn around this economy. We felt very good about the meeting; we are confident that we can do this and we have to do this.”（参议院多数党领袖里德说：“为了扭转美国经济，我们需要代表美国人民进行一些投资。我们对这次会议感觉很好，我们有信心，我们可以做到，我们必须做到。”）和最后一段第一、二句“I think the best thing I

63、can do is to decline to comment on what they are going to do going forward,” said Dana Perino. “Obviously, we think that tax cuts were the right way to help our economy get out of the recession that this president inherited and we know that tax cuts can spur innovation.”（佩里诺说：“我认为我能做的最好的事情就是拒绝对他们未来的

64、行动发表评论。显然，我们认为减税是帮助我们的经济走出衰退的正确方式，我们知道减税可以刺激创新。”），说明两党领导人对于此次会面是抱有很大的希望的。因此B选项“有希望”正确。A选项“不确定”，C选项“失望”，D选项“漠不关心”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。5.推理判断题。结合全文可知，文章开头提到奥巴马会见两党领导人，敦促国会尽快通过刺激经济发展的计划，避免经济进一步下滑，接着分别介绍了两党领导人的态度，他们都希望共同合作，促进经济增长，所以摆脱经济衰退的最好办法是两党合作。因此B选项“两党的合作”正确。A选项“人民的信心”，C选项“减税”，D选项“经济学家的建议”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。6. 单选题Metal must be hammered and cooled rapidly to _ internal stress caus