2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第32期

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, _ killed him two years ago.问题1选项A.the effects of whichB.the effects of itC.finallyD.that【答案】D【解析】考查强调句。句意：医疗记录显示两年前是药物而不是疾病害死了他。it was.that是强调句型，强调是the drug而不是the disease，not the disease是插入语，去掉

2、it was.that，句子仍然成立，the drug killed him two years ago。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Days after days my men and I struggle to hold back a t

3、idal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his

4、 or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization togetherhonesty, kindness, and so onaccountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no lawand, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose ac

5、countability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usual

6、lywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain thing are not toleratedthey simply are not done!”Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has gone. He consi

7、ders your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is consid

8、ered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in cri

9、minal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.1. What the wi

10、se man said suggests that _.2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, _.3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have _.4. The writer is sorry to have noticed that _.5. The key point of the passage is that _.问题1选项A.its unnecessary for good people to do

11、anything in face of evilB.its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC.its only natural for virtue to defeat evilD.its desirable for good men to keep away from evil问题2选项A.society is to be held responsibleB.modern civilization is responsible for itC.the criminal himself should

12、bear the blameD.the standards of living should be improved问题3选项A.less self-disciplineB.better sense of disciplineC.more mutual respectD.less effective government问题4选项A.people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB.people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC.todays society l

13、acks sympathy for people in difficultyD.people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities问题5选项A.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB.more good examples should be set for people to followC.more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behaviorD.mor

14、e people should accept the value of accountability【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.（一位智者曾经说过，邪恶获胜的唯一必要条件就是好人什么都不做。），通过阅读全文进一步理解其深层含义，可以推断出这句话暗示着：如果好人对邪恶坐视不管，那它就会盛行猖獗。因此B选项

15、“如果好人不采取行动，邪恶肯定会占上风”正确。A选项“面对邪恶，好人没有必要去做什么”，C选项“美德战胜邪恶是很自然的事”，D选项“善良的人远离邪恶是可取的”均不符合原文内容，所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.（我们迫切需要更多的人相信，犯罪的人应该负责。），说明作者指出美国需要更多人认为罪犯实施犯罪行为的责任应归咎于他自

16、身。因此C选项“犯罪者本人应承担相应的责任”正确。A选项“社会要负责任”，B选项“现代文明应对此负责”，D选项“应该提高生活水平”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到第六段第一句Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim（幸运的是，仍然有一些社区通常是小城镇在那里，学校维持纪律，家长们坚持标准），接下来第七段第一句

17、说到Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening.（然而，尤其是在大城市和市郊，这些内在的约束正在越来越多地放松。），说明大城市的人比小城镇的人自律性更差。因此A选项“自律性较差”正确。B选项“更好的纪律意识”，C选项“更多的相互尊重”，D选项“政府的效率较低”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第三段The main cause of this break-down is a radical

18、shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with mo

19、ral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.（这种崩溃的主要原因是人们态度的根本转变。30年前，如果犯罪发生了，社会被认为是受害者。现在有一个令人震惊的逆转，罪犯会被认为是受害者：他贫困的成长环境，学校没有教他读书，没有给他道德指导的教堂，没有给他提供稳定家庭的父母。），说明从前人们谴责的是罪犯，而现在则相反，人们认为罪犯是他不良成长环境的受害者，可知人们在宽恕罪犯。因此A选项“大城市的人们倾向于为罪犯开脱罪责”正确。B选项“小镇里的人仍然坚持旧的纪律和标准”，由原文可知，作者认为小城镇坚持旧的纪律和价值标准是好的，

20、所以B错误。C选项“当今社会对处于困境的人缺乏同情心”，由原文可知，作者认为人们在宽恕罪犯正是由于公众对罪犯给予了过多的同情，所以C错误。D选项“处境不利的人都在从事犯罪活动”，由原文可知，作者提到很多处在困境中的人并没有犯罪，说明人并不是遇到逆境都会犯罪，犯罪是缺乏责任感的表现，所以D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章围绕accountability“问责”展开论述，并借当今社会人们为罪犯找借口推脱责任的例子指出人们应当对个人行为负责。因此D选项“更多的人应该接受问责的价值”最能体现文章主旨。A选项“在学校和家庭中应保持更严格的纪律性”，B选项“应该树立更多的好榜样供人们学习”，C选项“应该对人们的

21、行为施加更多的限制”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。3. 单选题Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornad

22、o struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, beca

23、use the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by h

24、undreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, o

25、r “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately, scientific and techn

26、ological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and

27、 instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic di

28、splays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.1. The word “exceeded” in paragraph 1 most probably means _.2. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere fails to

29、predict such a short-lived tornado because _.3. According to the passage, the word “Nowcast” (paragraph 3) means _.4. According to the passage, _ is the key factor to making “Nowcasts” a reality.5. According to the author, the passage mainly deals with _.问题1选项A.added up toB.were more thanC.were abou

30、tD.were less than问题2选项A.the computer is not used to forecast specific local eventsB.the computers are not advanced enough to predict itC.the weather data people collect are often wrongD.weather conditions in some small regions are not available问题3选项A.a way of collecting raw weather dataB.a forecast

31、which can predict the weather conditions in the small area in an accurate wayC.a network to collect instant weather dataD.a more advanced system of weather observation问题4选项A.scientific and technological advances such as radar, or satellitesB.computer scientistC.meteorologistsD.advanced computer prog

32、rams问题5选项A.a tornado in Edmonton, AlbertaB.whats a “Nowcast”C.the disadvantage of conventional computer models of the weather forecastD.a breakthrough in weather forecast【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“exceeded”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million（龙卷风造成的总

33、损失超过2.5亿美元），说明“exceeded”在文中是指“超过”的意思。因此B选项“超过”正确。A选项“加起来”，C选项“大约”，D选项“少于”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not

34、 detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come before these storms.（传统的大气计算机模型在预测像埃德蒙顿龙卷风这样短暂的局部风暴方面价值有限，因为可用的天气数据通常不够详细，不能让计算机仔细研究这些风暴来临之前微妙的大气变化。），接着指出conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over la

35、rge regions than they do forecasting specific local events.（传统的天气预报模式能够较好地预测大范围的总体天气情况而不是具体的局部天气事件），说明传统的大气计算机模型不能很好地预测龙卷风是因为一些小区域的数据采集不到。因此D选项“一些小区域的天气状况无法获得”正确。A选项“计算机不是用来预测具体的局部事件的”，B选项“计算机不够先进，无法预测”，C选项“人们收集的天气数据往往是错误的”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“Nowcast”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Until recently, the

36、observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible.（直到最近，用于精确的、非常短期的预测或“临近预报”的观测密集方法还不可行。），由前面的“accurate, very short-range forecasts”可以推断出，“Nowcast”在文中是指“准确、及时的天气预报”的意思。因此B选项“一种可以准确预测小区域天气状况的预报”正确。A选项“一种收集原始天气数据的方式”，C选项“一个收集即时天气数据的网络”，D选项“

37、一个更先进的天气观测系统”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems.（幸运的是，科学和技术的进步已经克服了这些问题中的大多数。），说明解决及时预报困难的关键因素是高科技的发展。因此A选项“科学和技术的进步，如雷达或卫星”正确。B选项“计算机科学家”，C选项“气象学家”，D选项“先进的计算机程序”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了某次龙卷风造成

38、的损失，指出传统的计算机天气预测模式由于没有详细的天气情况数据而不能对类似于龙卷风的暴风雨做出及时的预报。接着提出直到最近，由于高科技的发展解决了人们收集天气数据时的种种问题，才使得Nowcast这种准确、及时的天气预报成为现实，可知文章主要讲述了天气预报方面的一大突破。因此D选项“天气预报的突破性进展”最符合文章主旨。A选项“艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿市的一场龙卷风”，B选项“什么是Nowcast”，C选项“传统的天气预报计算机模型的缺点”都只讲了文章的某一方面，不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A, B, C错误。4. 单选题Mr. White was told again and again to _

39、smoking but he just wouldnt listen.问题1选项A.cut throughB.cut offC.cut downD.cut away【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cut through“抄近路走过”；B选项cut off“切断”；C选项cut down“减少”；D选项cut away“切掉”。句意：怀特先生一再被告知要减少吸烟，但他就是不听。本句表示减少吸烟。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题In the month of September, in Britain, you may see large numbers of birds （1） on roof

40、s and telegraph wires. These birds are swallows. They are （2） together because, very soon, they will be flying （3） to much warmer lands, where they will find （4） the small flying insects on which they （5）. There are no such insects （6） in Britain during the winter; it is （7） cold for them.The swallo

41、ws settle, fly off, swoop, and （8） again. This they do many times, for they are making short （9） flights in order to be fit for the long journey （10） them.（11） of these migrating birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly （12） for hundreds of miles （13） they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not

42、all the birds get there, for many of them perish in the stormy weather they meet with （14）. In the spring of the following year they （15） the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They return to the identical barn or tree in the （16） district which they had left the （17） autumn. How do these bird

43、s find their （18） there and back over such vast distances? Nobody knows exactly （19）, but it has something to do （20） winds and air currents. 问题1选项A.being perchedB.perchedC.being perchingD.be perched问题2选项A.gatheringB.assemblingC.waitingD.forming问题3选项A.to southB.the southC.to southwardsD.south问题4选项A.

44、great number ofB.a great deal ofC.plenty ofD.numerous问题5选项A.feedB.are fedC.eatD.rely问题6选项A.nearB.aboutC.nearbyD.over问题7选项A.tooB.a bitC.veryD.much问题8选项A.fly offB.swoopC.settleD.turn back问题9选项A.practicalB.practicingC.practiceD.practiced问题10选项A.in advanceB.ahead ofC.in front ofD.in front问题11选项A.SwarmsB

45、.HerdsC.FlocksD.Schools问题12选项A.firmlyB.stoutlyC.harshlyD.steadily问题13选项A.untilB.beforeC.whenD.as问题14选项A.in the wayB.on the wayC.half the wayD.all the way问题15选项A.haveB.flyC.findD.make问题16选项A.oldB.originalC.familiarD.identical问题17选项A.beforeB.previousC.above goingD.former问题18选项A.wayB.pathC.courseD.rout

46、e问题19选项A.whyB.whenC.howD.what问题20选项A.againstB.awayC.forD.with【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:D第13题:A第14题:B第15题:D第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.考查非谓语动词。perched是过去分词作形容词，在这里表示“栖息于某处”的状态。句意：在英国的九月，你可以看到大量的鸟栖息在屋顶和电线上。因此B选项符合题意。2.考查动词辨析。A选项gathering“聚集”；B选项assemblin

47、g“集合”；C选项waiting“等待”；D选项forming“形成”。句意：它们聚集在一起。只有gather能和together搭配，表示“聚在一起”。因此A选项符合题意。3.考查方位词。south此处为副词，表示“向南方”，相当于southwards。句意：因为很快他们就会向南飞到更温暖的地方。因此D选项符合题意。4.考查近义词组辨析。四个选项都表示“许多，大量”。A选项great number of前面缺少a；B选项a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词；C选项plenty of既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式；D选项numerous后面不加the。句意：在那

48、里他们将找到大量的小飞虫。因此C选项符合题意。5.考查固定搭配。A选项feed“喂食”；B选项are fed“被喂食”；C选项eat“吃”；D选项rely“依靠”。feed on是固定搭配，表示“以为食物”。句意：在那里它们会找到很多它们赖以为生的小飞虫。燕子以飞虫为食是主动语态。因此A选项符合题意。6.考查介词辨析。A选项near“靠近”；B选项about“在四处”；C选项nearby“在附近”；D选项over“在上面”。句意：英国的冬天没有这样的昆虫。about在此处是副词，表示“周围”。因此B选项符合题意。7.考查固定搭配。A选项too“太”；B选项a bit“一点儿”；C选项very“

49、非常”；D选项much“许多”。句意：对他们来说太冷了。too for是固定搭配，表示“对来说太了”。因此A选项符合题意。8.考查动词辨析。A选项fly off“飞出”；B选项swoop“俯冲”；C选项settle“停息”；D选项turn back“往回走”。句意：燕子停了下来，飞走了，俯冲下来，又停了下来。因此C选项符合题意。9.考查形近词辨析。A选项practical“实用性的”；B选项practicing“在工作的”；C选项practice“练习”；D选项practiced“熟练的”。句意：因为他们在做短途飞行练习。因此C选项符合题意。10.考查词组辨析。A选项in advance“预先

50、”；B选项ahead of“在之前（指时间）”；C选项in front of“在前面”；D选项in front“在前方”。句意：以便适应前面的长途飞行。因此B选项符合题意。11.考查量词辨析。A选项Swarms“蜂群”；B选项Herds“兽群”；C选项Flocks“鸟群”；D选项Schools“鱼群”。句意：成群的候鸟在秋天离开英国。因此C选项符合题意。12.考查副词辨析。A选项firmly“坚定地”；B选项stoutly“牢固地”；C选项harshly“严厉地”；D选项steadily“稳定地”。句意：它们稳定地飞行数百英里。因此D选项符合题意。13.考查连词辨析。A选项until“直到为止

51、”；B选项before“在以前”；C选项when“在时候”；D选项as“因为”。句意：直到到达温暖的非洲大陆。因此A选项符合题意。14.考查词组辨析。A选项in the way“挡道”；B选项on the way“在途中”；C选项half the way“半路”；D选项all the way“一路上”。句意：因为它们中的许多伙伴都在途中遇到的暴风雨中丧生了。因此B选项符合题意。15.考查固定搭配。A选项have“有”；B选项fly“飞行”；C选项find“找到”；D选项make“进行”。句意：第二年春天，他们长途跋涉回到了英国。make a journey是固定搭配，表示“旅行”。因此D选项符

52、合题意。16.考查形容词辨析。A选项old“老的”；B选项original“原来的”；C选项familiar“熟悉的”；D选项identical“同一的”。句意：它们回到同一地区的同一谷仓或同一棵树。因此D选项符合题意。17.考查指代关系。A选项before“在之前”；B选项previous“以前的”；C选项above going没有这种用法；D选项former“前者的”。句意：它们回到前一年秋天离开的同一地区。因此B选项符合题意。18.考查固定搭配。A选项way“道路”；B选项path“小路”；C选项course“过程”；D选项route“路线”。句意：这些鸟是如何在如此遥远的距离中找到路往

53、返的呢。find ones way是固定搭配，表示“找到去的路”。因此A选项符合题意。19.考查连词辨析。A选项why“为什么”；B选项when“什么时候”；C选项how“如何”；D选项what“什么”。句意：没人知道确切是怎么做到的。因此C选项符合题意。20.考查固定搭配。A选项against“反对”；B选项away“离去”；C选项for“为了”；D选项with“关于”。句意：但它与风和气流有关。have something to do with是固定搭配，表示“与”有关。因此D选项符合题意。6. 单选题Columbus was _ his times in his belief that

54、the Earth was round.问题1选项A.in front ofB.in advance ofC.beforeD.ahead of【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项in front of“在前面”，指在某地方之外的前面；B选项in advance of“预先”，表示预先、提前做某事；C选项before“在之前”，指空间位置或时间的之前；D选项ahead of“领先”，表示领先于某物。句意：哥伦布认为地球是圆的，这走在了他那个时代的前面。本句表示领先于时代。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题I prefer his plan to yours, _ it is more practi

55、cal and easier to be carried out.问题1选项A.for whichB.for thatC.in whichD.in that【答案】D【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为它更实际，也更容易实施。in that是固定搭配，意为“因为”，相当于for the reason that, because，可用于引导原因状语从句。其他三项不能引导原因状语从句。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题Just a few seconds of frenzied passion on the floor of the public bar and thi

56、ngs would never be the same again for Michelle. It only took a few minutes to ruin her life. The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocence, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surrendered herself to a man.No one saw it happen, but the news spread fast. It wa

57、snt long before the whole of Britain knew what had happened in the Queen VictoriaDirty Den, the landlord, had done it again. Only this time he had gone too far.For the millions who have agonized with her, Michelles pregnancy seems a terrible price to pay for one mistakea little youthful stupidity. Y

58、et, with the increasing number of teenage single mums, its not just a problem dreamed up for a soap operaas actress Susan Tully, who plays Michelle, has discovered from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.As she talks about Michelle and her baby, its easy to understand why Susan

59、 has been so successful in the role. Even though shes never had an experience like it herself, its one she recognizes all too clearly from what happens to some of her contemporaries at school. Michelle might almost be her younger sister rather than a fictional part in Britains most successful soap o

60、pera.Susan says that she never became involved with men during her school years because of her work. With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys. While they went out to discos and parties in the evening s

61、he was desperately catching up on her schoolwork.“I dont feel as though Ive missed out on anything,” she insists. “And unlike a lot of my friends. Ive got plenty to look forward to. Thats whats so nice about my boyfriend now. Its very comfortable and theres lots to find out about each other.”“Its th

62、en that I feel sad for Michelle. When she should be going out and having fun, shes having to worry about whether shes going to breastfeed the baby. Shes sad to say goodbye to being a teenager.”1. What evidence is there that Michelles pregnancy is not just a problem dreamed up for a soap opera?2. How did Susan avoid the dangers that many of her school friends faced?3. According to the passage, which of the following