2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷40

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题In the business world today, Coca-Cola, a little more than a century old itself, stands out as the most successful product in the history of commerce. People on every continent, in almost every country of the world, are familiar with the name and taste of this

2、 world-famous soft drink.Coca-Cola was born in Atlanta on May 8, 1886, when Dr. John Styth Pemberton produced the syrup, a pharmacist named, according to legend, in a brass pot in his backyard. When, by accident or design, carbonated water was added to the syrup, it produced a drink that was declare

3、d “delicious and refreshing.”The trademark “Coca-Cola” was registered in the U.S. Patent Office on January 31, 1893. Through clever advertising the demand for the product grew by leaps and bounds. One great leap forward came in 1894, when Joseph Biedenharn of Vicksburg, Mississippi, impressed with t

4、he demand for the drink at his soda fountain, installed bottling machinery and began to sell cases of Coca-Cola to plantations and lumber camps up and down the Missippi River. Today, the Coca-Cola bottling system is the largest, most widespread production and distribution, net-work in the world. In

5、1916 the uniquely shaped bottle, designed by a glass company in Terre Huate, Indiana, was developed to protect Coca-Cola from imitations.In the 1920s Coca-Cola pioneered in producing “six-packs,” cardboard cartons that held six bottles of the drink. In 1929 a distinctively shaped fountain glass beca

6、me standard and helped to advertise the popularity of the drink.The international growth of Coca-Cola began in 1900, when a son of the companys founder took a jug of syrup with him on a vacation to England. The same year Coca-Cola traveled to Cuba and Puerto Rico, where bottling operations soon bega

7、n, as they did in Panama, the Philippines, and Guam. The first bottling company on the European continent began operation in France in 1920.Coca-Cola and the Olympics began their association in the summer of 1928, when an American freighter arrived in Amsterdam carrying the United States Olympic tea

8、m and 1 000 cases of Coca-Cola. Forty thousand spectators filled the stadium to witness two firsts: the first lighting of the Olympic flame and the first sale of Coke at an Olympiad.Many people outside the United States had their first taste of Coca-Cola during World War , when 64 bottling plants we

9、re shipped abroad (the first being in Algiers) to provide more than 5 billion bottles of Coke for American service personnel in Europe and the Pacific. In the next 20 years the number of countries with bottling operations nearly doubled.The worldwide appeal of Coca-Cola was dramatically displayed in

10、 1971, when young people from around the world gathered on a hilltop in Italy to sing “Id like to buy the world a Coke”presenting a unifying global spirit.In 1976 the well-known advertising slogan “The Pause That Refreshes” (which first appeared in THE SATURDAY EVENING POST in 1929) was joined by a

11、new slogan: “Coke Adds Life.” A few years later “Have a Coke and a Smile” was added, and in 1982 the theme “Coke is it!” was launched around the world, followed by “Cant Beat the Feeling” in the late 1980s, and “Cant Beat the Real Thing” in the early 1990s.“The Pause That Refreshes” has come a long

12、way in 109 years.1. What did Dr. John Styth Pemberton do before he made the “delicious and refreshing” drink?2. The demand for the product grew _ through clever advertising.3. Which of the following is NOT true?4. When did the number of countries with bottling operations nearly double?5. Which of th

13、e following slogans did not make their first appearance in the 1980s?问题1选项A.He was a soft-drink dealer.B.He was an alcohol dealer.C.He was a physician.D.He was a pharmaceutical chemist.问题2选项A.very rapidlyB.steadilyC.slowlyD.unsteadily问题3选项A.Each cardboard carton can hold six bottles of the drink.B.T

14、he growth of Coca-Cola began in 1900.C.In France, the first bottling company on the European continent began operation.D.The Olympics and Coca-Cola associated with each other in the summer of 1928.问题4选项A.1920s.B.1940s.C.1960s.D.1980s.问题5选项A.“Coke is it!”B.“Coke Adds Life.”C.“Cant Beat the Feeling.”D

15、.“Have a Coke and a Smile.”【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Coca-Cola was born in Atlanta on May 8, 1886, when Dr. John Styth Pemberton produced the syrup, a pharmacist named, according to legend, in a brass pot in his backyard.（可口可乐于1886年5月8日诞生于亚特兰大，当时的药剂师约翰斯蒂斯彭伯顿在他后院的一个铜锅里制

16、作了这种糖浆。），说明约翰斯蒂斯彭伯顿在发明可乐之前是一名药剂师。因此D选项“他是一名药剂师”正确。A选项“他是一名软饮料经销商”，B选项“他是一名酒类经销商”，C选项“他是一名医生”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Through clever advertising the demand for the product grew by leaps and bounds.（通过巧妙的广告，对该产品的需求突飞猛进。），说明广告使得对可乐的需求猛增。因此A选项“非常迅速”正确。B选项“稳定”，C选项“缓慢”，D选项“不稳定”均不符合原文，所以B

17、, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。A选项“每个硬纸盒可以装六瓶饮料”，由原文In the 1920s Coca-Cola pioneered in producing “six-packs,” cardboard cartons that held six bottles of the drink.（20世纪20年代，可口可乐率先生产了“六瓶装”，即能装六瓶饮料的硬纸盒。）可知，这种硬纸盒可以装六瓶饮料，A选项表述正确，排除A。C选项“欧洲大陆上的第一家装瓶公司在法国开始运营”，由原文The first bottling company on the European continent be

18、gan operation in France in 1920.（欧洲大陆上第一家装瓶公司于1920年在法国开始运营。）可知，欧洲大陆上的第一家装瓶公司在法国开始运营，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“1928年夏天，奥运会和可口可乐公司开始有联系”，由原文Coca-Cola and the Olympics began their association in the summer of 1928（可口可乐与奥运会的联系始于1928年夏天）可知，可口可乐与奥运会于1928年夏天开始联系，D选项表述正确，排除D。B选项“可口可乐的发展始于1900年”，由原文The international g

19、rowth of Coca-Cola began in 1900（可口可乐的全球发展始于1900年）可知，是全球性发展始于1900年，B选项不符合原文，所以本题选B。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第七段Many people outside the United States had their first taste of Coca-Cola during World War In the next 20 years the number of countries with bottling operations nearly doubled.（许多美国以外的人第一次尝到可口可乐是在第

20、二次世界大战期间在接下来的20年里，拥有装瓶业务的国家数量几乎翻了一番。），第二次世界大战是在二十世纪四十年代，那么之后的20年就是二十世纪六十年代，说明拥有装瓶业务的国家数量在二十世纪六十年代几乎翻了一番。因此C选项“二十世纪六十年代”正确。A选项“二十世纪二十年代”，B选项“二十世纪四十年代”，D选项“二十世纪八十年代”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段第一句In 1976 the well-known advertising slogan “The Pause That Refreshes” was joined by a new slo

21、gan: “Coke Adds Life.”（1976年，著名的广告语“The Pause That Refreshes”被加入了一个新的广告语：“Coke Adds Life”。），说明“Coke Adds Life”这个广告语出现在二十世纪七十年代，而不是八十年代。因此B选项“Coke Adds Life.”正确。A选项“Coke is it!”，C选项“Cant Beat the Feeling.”，D选项“Have a Coke and a Smile. ”都是在二十世纪八十年代首次出现的，所以A, C, D错误。2. 单选题Just about 40% of employees an

22、d managers in a North American survey said they know how they can increase their base pay or cash bonuses. The results suggest employers lose much of the value of the pay raises and bonuses they distribute by not communicating effectively. “Many employees and managers simply dont understand why they

23、 get paid what they do,” points out Rob Heneman, professor of management and human resources, Ohio State University, Columbus. “Businesses cant get a good return of their compensation investment if people dont understand how their pay is determined.”The survey of more than 6,000 managers and employe

24、es in 26 organizations in the U.S. and Canada showed that employees and managers felt their employers did a good job explaining their performance objectives and the way their performance is measured. They were unclear, though, about how performance was related to pay. Surprisingly, employees reporte

25、d they knew more about stock options at their companies and how they are determined than how base pay is. However, the results showed that base pay knowledge plays a larger role in overall pay satisfaction than do other forms of compensation, such as bonuses. Employees who had higher levels of pay k

26、nowledge showed greater overall pay satisfaction, which, in turn, was linked to higher levels of retention (聘用) commitment to the company, and even trust in management. In other words, Heneman emphasizes, ensuring that employees understand their pay is good for a companys bottom line.He feels that c

27、orporate culture is often a major problem in dealing with the lack of pay knowledge among workers. In many companies, it is considered tabooor even explicitly forbiddento discuss matters dealing with salary. In lieu of (代替) disclosing actual pay amounts of employees to others within the company, man

28、agement can provide more information about pay practices and policies, such as the process used to determine salary, and the average of raises in a particular year. Workers want more than generalities; they want to know how pay policies apply to their particular situation, Heneman points out. That o

29、ften means managers need to sit down with their employees one-on-one.1. What does the North American Survey mainly suggest?2. The employers of many companies failed to _.3. Which of the following is the most important factor in overall pay satisfaction?4. The employees who understand and are satisfi

30、ed with their pay would _.5. What can employers do to help their employees know better how pay is determined?问题1选项A.If the employers make their pay policy known better, the company would get more in return.B.If the employers make their pay policy known better, they would get pay raises and bonuses.C

31、.If the employees know more about the pay policy of the company, they would get more.D.If the employees know more about the pay policy of the company, they would become one in the management.问题2选项A.explain what their performance objectives wereB.explain the way performance was measuredC.explain the

32、way performance was related to payD.explain how performance was related to promotion问题3选项A.Stock options.B.Bonuses.C.Corporate culture.D.Base pay.问题4选项A.be willing to remain in the bottom lineB.be willing to be loyal and dedicated to the companyC.be ensured that their pay is justifiedD.be ensured th

33、at their employers are worthwhile问题5选项A.They can shatter the taboo by encouraging discussion about salary matters among the employees.B.They can disclose pay amounts of employees to others within the company.C.They can talk with individual employee about how pay policies apply to his particular situ

34、ation.D.They can tell all employees the total of raises in a particular year.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句The results suggest employers lose much of the value of the pay raises and bonuses they distribute by not communicating effectively.（结果表明，由于没有进行有效沟通，雇主失去了他们所发放的加薪和奖金的

35、大部分价值。），说明因为雇主没有良好地向员工传达企业的薪酬政策，所以无法获得良好的薪酬投资回报。因此A选项“如果雇主更好地宣传他们的薪酬政策，公司会得到更多的回报”正确。B选项“如果雇主让他们的薪酬政策更广为人知，他们就会得到加薪和奖金”，原文说的是只有少部分员工知道如何获得加薪和奖金，所以B错误。C选项“如果员工更了解公司的薪酬政策，他们会得到更多”，D选项“如果员工更了解公司的薪酬政策，他们就会成为管理层中的一员”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句They were unclear, though, about how performance

36、 was related to pay.（不过，他们不清楚绩效与薪酬之间的关系。），说明许多雇主没有解释清楚绩效与薪酬之间的关系。因此C选项“解释绩效与薪酬的关系”正确。A选项“解释他们的绩效目标是什么”，B选项“解释衡量业绩的方式”，由原文可知，雇主在解释业绩目标和衡量业绩的方式方面做得很好，所以A, B错误。D选项“解释绩效与晋升的关系”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四句However, the results showed that base pay knowledge plays a larger role in overall pay sat

37、isfaction than do other forms of compensation, such as bonuses.（然而，研究结果显示，基本工资知识对总体薪酬满意度的影响要大于奖金等其他形式的薪酬。），说明整体薪酬满意度中最重要的因素是基本工资。因此D选项“基本工资”正确。A选项“股票期权”，B选项“奖金”，C选项“企业文化”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句Employees who had higher levels of pay knowledge showed greater overall pay satisfact

38、ion, which, in turn, was linked to higher levels of retention commitment to the company, and even trust in management.（薪酬知识水平较高的员工总体薪酬满意度更高，这反过来又与对公司的保留承诺更高，甚至与对管理层的信任程度更高有关。），说明了解并对自己的薪酬感到满意的员工会对公司更加忠诚和信任。因此B选项“愿意对公司忠诚和奉献”正确。A选项“愿意留在底线中”，C选项“被确保他们的薪酬是合理的”，D选项“被确保他们的雇主是有价值的”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。5.客观

39、细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后两句Workers want more than generalities; they want to know how pay policies apply to their particular situation, Heneman points out. That often means managers need to sit down with their employees one-on-one.（亨曼指出，员工想要的不仅仅是一般性的信息；他们想知道薪酬政策如何适用于他们的具体情况。这往往意味着管理人员需要与员工一对一地坐下来谈。），说明雇主可

40、以通过和员工一对一谈话来帮助他们更好地了解薪酬政策。因此C选项“他们可以与员工单独讨论薪资政策如何适用于他的特殊情况”正确。A选项“他们可以通过鼓励员工之间讨论工资问题来打破禁忌”，由原文可知，在许多公司谈论工资问题是明确禁止的，打破禁忌并不能帮助员工更好地了解薪酬政策，所以A错误。B选项“他们可以向公司内部的其他人披露员工的工资数额”，由原文可知，比起向公司内部其他人披露员工的实际薪酬，管理层有其他可以公布的有效信息，所以B错误。D选项“他们可以告诉所有员工某一年的加薪总额”，原文说的是特定年份的平均加薪幅度，而不是加薪总额，所以D错误。3. 单选题It is commonly believ

41、ed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-incl

42、usive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from

43、 a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other relig

44、ions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of ones entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is specific, formalized

45、process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be lear

46、ned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their comm

47、unities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. What does the author probably mean by using the expression “Children interrupt their education to go to school” (Sent

48、. 2, Para. 1)?3. The phrase “For example,” (Sent. 4, Para. 3), introduces a sentence that gives examples of _.4. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?5. The passage is organized by _.问题1选项A.The best schools teach a wide variety of subjects.B.Education and schooling are quite diffe

49、rent experiences.C.Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.D.The more years students go to school the better their education is.问题2选项A.Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.B.School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.C.Summer s

50、chool makes the school year too long.D.All of life is an education.问题3选项A.similar textbooksB.the results of schoolingC.the workings of a governmentD.the boundaries of classroom subject问题4选项A.Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.B.Education systems need to be radically reformed.C.Go

51、ing to school is only part of how people become educated.D.Education involves many years of professional training.问题5选项A.listing and discussing several educational problemsB.contrasting the meanings of two related wordsC.narrating a story about excellent teachersD.giving examples of different kinds

52、of schools【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头提出学校教育和教育之间的区别，接着分别介绍了两者不同的特点。因此B选项“教育和学校教育是完全不同的经历”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“最好的学校教授各种各样的科目”，C选项“学生从学校中受益，学校要求长时间的学习和家庭作业”，D选项“学生上学的年数越多，他们的教育就越好”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their

53、 education to go to school.（而现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们受教育的过程。），说明有些人认为教育是一个终身的过程，去学校上学反而打断了这一过程。因此D选项“整个人生都是一种教育”正确。A选项“去几个不同的学校在教育上是有益的”，B选项“学校放假打断了学年的连续性”，C选项“暑期学校使学年太长”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第四句For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes

54、 the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.（例如，高中生们知道，在课堂上他们没法弄清楚他们社区里政治问题的真情，也不会了解到最新潮的电影制片人在做哪些尝试。），该句For example之后列举的例子是为了说明前文的have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught（往往受到了学科范围的限制）。因此D选项“课堂学科的限制”正确。

55、A选项“类似的教科书”，B选项“学校教育的结果”，C选项“一个政府的工作方式”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。4.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了学校教育和教育的区别，学校教育只是教育的一部分，除此之外人们还有许多其他接受教育的形式。因此C选项“上学只是人们受教育方式的一部分”正确。A选项“没有正规的教育，人们就会保持无知”，B选项“教育系统需要进行彻底的改革”，D选项“教育涉及多年的专业培训”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, D错误。5.观点态度题。结合全文来看，作者首先提出教育和学校教育两个相关的概念，接着分别介绍了它们的特点和区别，所以本文的行文线索是对比教育和学校教育这两个相

56、关词汇的概念。因此B选项“对比两个相关词汇的含义”正确。A选项“列出并讨论了几个教育问题”，C选项“叙述了一个关于优秀教师的故事”，D选项“举例说明不同类型的学校”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。4. 单选题He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he _ out of a painting by Xu Beihong.问题1选项A.comeB.has comeC.is comingD.had come【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：它是一匹很漂亮的马，好像是从徐悲鸿的画里出来的。as though引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相

57、反时，从句用过去完成时。主句He was a beautiful horse是过去时，所以从句用过去完成时had come。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题In my opinion, hes _ imaginative of all the contemporary poets.问题1选项A.quite the mostB.very the mostC.by far the mostD.rather the mo【答案】B【解析】考查最高级。句意：在我看来，他是当代所有诗人中最富有想象力的。因此选项正确。by far是一个副词词组，表示“得多，显然”，用来修饰比较级或最高级，强调程度、数量等。v

58、ery, quite, rather一般修饰形容词原级。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题People tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship. Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic because a few have come true; they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not.Consider also the belief that “the ph

59、one always rings when Im in the shower.” If it does ring while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be remembered. If it doesnt ring, that nonevent probably wont even register (留下印象).People want to see order, pattern and meaning in the world. Consider, for example, the common belief t

60、hat things like personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths “happen in threes.” Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period. If three plane crashes occur in a month, then the period of time that counts as their “happening together” is one mont

61、h; if three crashes occur in a year, the period of time is stretched. Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.We also tend to believe what we want to believe. A majority of people think they are more intelligent, more fair-minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average

62、 person. Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage. As economist Thomas Schilling explains, “Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values: careful drivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are po

63、lite give weight to courtesy.” This way everyone ranks high on his own scale.Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious in drawing conclusions. The “evidence” of everyday life is sometimes misleading.1. In the first paragraph the author states that _.2. By “things like” “

64、happen in threes”, the author indicates that people believe _.3. The word “courtesy” probably means _.4. What can be inferred from the passage?5. It can be concluded from the passage that _.问题1选项A.dreams cannot be said to be prophetic even though a few have come trueB.dreams are prophetic because some of them did come trueC.dreams may